Life and Death in Roman Carlisle : Excavations at 107-117 Botchergate 2015.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hobson, Matthew S., author.

Series:

Archaeopress Roman Archaeology Series

Archaeopress Roman Archaeology Series ; v.122

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Excavations (Archaeology)--England.

Excavations (Archaeology).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (0 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Archaeopress, 2024.

Summary:

Finds from a Roman cremation cemetery in Carlisle offer an important study of burials and identity in the region. Excavated graves, including rare richly furnished burials, reveal cultural ties to the Nervii of Gallia Belgica and suggest a Nervian presence in early Roman Carlisle linked to military recruitment and local pottery production.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright page

Contents

List of Figures

Chapter 1 Roman Carlisle and the Cumbria House Excavations

Figure 1.1 Location of the excavation areas at the Cumbria House site, 107-117 Botchergate and the former William Street Car Park.

Figure 1.2 Areas A and B (shot faces southwest).

Figure 1.3 Area C (shot faces southwest).

Figure 1.4 Plan of Roman Carlisle showing some of the key excavation sites.

Figure 1.5 Schematic plan of excavated sites in the vicinity of Botchergate.

Figure 1.6 Plan of Tait Street tomb containing cremation burial.

Figure 1.7 Section drawings of Tait Street tomb and cremation burial.

Figure 1.8 Photographs of Tait Street tomb containing cremation burial.

Figure 1.9 Glass urn from Tait Street cremation burial, on display in Carlisle Cathedral.

Chapter 2 The Stratigraphic Sequence

Figure 2.1 Phase plan showing post-medieval and modern features encountered during the excavations.

Figure 2.2 Plan of Phase 1 features.

Figure 2.3 Phase 1 enclosure ditch FG001 (Shot faces south, 2m scale).

Figure 2.4 Detail of three sections through enclosure ditch FG001.

Figure 2.5 Phase1 shallow gully FG002 (Shot faces southeast, 2m scale).

Figure 2.6 Plan of Phase 2 features.

Figure 2.7 Selected sections from Phase 1 and Phase 2.

Figure 2.8 Northwest-facing section of Phase 2 ditch FG008 and Phase 5 ditch FG015 (1m scale).

Figure 2.9 Northwest-facing section of Phase 2 Burial Plot ditch FG003 (40cm scale).

Figure 2.10 Southwest-facing section of Phase 2 Burial Plot ditch FG006 with Phase 3 clay surface visible as an upper fill (1m scale).

Figure 2.11 Right-angled beam slot FG010 of Phase 2 Building 1/Burial Plot 4 (Shot faces N, 2m scale).

Figure 2.12 South-facing section of Posthole [959] from Phase 2 Posthole Group 001 of Building 1/Burial Plot 4 (30cm scale).

Figure 2.13 Northwest-facing section of Phase 2 Funerary Enclosure ditch FG009 (50cm scale).

Figure 2.14 Plan of Phase 3 features.

Figure 2.15 Selected Phase 3 sections.

Figure 2.16 Phase 3 ditch FG011 (Shot faces northeast, 1m scale).

Figure 2.17 Plan of Buildings 2 and 3

Figure 2.18 Northwest-facing section of Phase 2 Burial Plot ditch FG005 with make-up and floors of Phase 3 Building 3 visible as upper fills (1m scale).

Figure 2.19 Southeast-facing section of Posthole [844] from Phase 3 Building 2 (40cm scale).

Figure 2.20 Phase 3 Building 3 viewed from the edge of the excavation area (Shot faces southeast).

Figure 2.21 Foundation trench [289] of Phase 3 Building 3 (Shot faces southeast, 40cm and 1m scales).

Figure 2.22 Phase 3 Building 2 (Shot faces southeast, scale 1m).

Figure 2.23 Northwest-facing section through Phase 3 ditch FG018 (1m scale).

Figure 2.24 Structural area 3 (Shot faces N, 1m and 2m scales).

Figure 2.25 Plan of Phases 4, 5 and 6.

Figure 2.26 Phases 4, 5 and 6, selected sections.

Figure 2.27 East-facing section of pit [545], from Phase 4 Pit Group 3 (1m &amp

2m scales).

Figure 2.28 South-facing section of pit [646], from Phase 4 Pit Group 5 (1m scale).

Figure 2.29 Phase 5 boundary ditch FG015 (Shot faces northwest, 1m and 2m scales).

Figure 2.30 Southwest-facing section of pit [202] from Phase 5 Pit Group 7 and Phase 6 pit [216] (2m scale).

Figure 2.31 Plan of Phases 7 to 9.

Chapter 3 The Burials

Figure 3.1 Plan of burials in Area C in relation to archaeological features from Phases 1 to 5.

Figure 3.2 Presence/absence of pottery urns and accessories alongside age and gender determinations for the Cumbria House burials (numbers in brackets denote the total number of pottery vessels in each grave).

Figure 3.3 Plan and mid-excavation photograph of Cremation Burial 1 (shot faces northwest, scale 40cm).

Figure 3.4 Urn from Cremation Burial 1.

Figure 3.5 Plan of Cremation Burial 2.

Figure 3.6 Cremation Burial 2 pre- and mid-excavation photos (Scale 1m).

Figure 3.7 Pottery vessels from Cremation Burial 2.

Figure 3.8 Profile illustrations of pottery vessels from Cremation Burial 2.

Figure 3.9 Plan of Cremation Burial 3.

Figure 3.10 Plan of Cremation Burial 4.

Figure 3.11 Plan of Cremation Burial 5.

Figure 3.12 Cremation Burial 5 mid-ex.

Figure 3.13 Plan of Cremation Burial 6.

Figure 3.14 Northeast-facing section of Cremation Burial 6 cut by Phase 3 linear [642].

Figure 3.15 Profile of 'Eggshell' bowl from pit [654].

Figure 3.16 Pit [654].

Figure 3.17 Plan of Cremation Burials 7 and 8.

Figure 3.18 Urn from Cremation Burial 8.

Figure 3.19 Cremation burials 7 and 8 with urn Cr8/1 in situ.

Figure 3.20 Plan of Cremation Burial 9.

Figure 3.21 Urn and lamp from Cremation Burial 9.

Figure 3.22 Plan of Cremation Burial 10. Top: pottery vessels. Bottom: Iron remains of wooden chest.

Figure 3.23 Cremation 2 mid-excavation photographs showing pottery vessels and iron strap fittings.

Figure 3.24 Reconstruction of Cremation Burial 10 (Artist: Mark Hoyle).

Figure 3.25 Accessory vessels and other grave goods from Cremation Burial 10.

Figure 3.26 Profile illustration of pottery vessels from Cremation Burial 10.

Figure 3.27 Plan of Cremation Burial 11.

Figure 3.28 Cremation Burial 11 with urn in situ.

Figure 3.29 Urn from Cremation Burial 11.

Figure 3.30 Plan of Cremation Burial 12.

Figure 3.31 Cremation Burial 12.

Figure 3.32 Plan of Cremation Burial 13.

Figure 3.33 Cremation Burial 13 pre-ex.

Figure 3.34 Plan of Cremation Burial 14.

Figure 3.35 Plan of Cremation Burial 15 and glass bead (SF170).

Figure 3.36 Cremation Burial 15 (Scale 40cm).

Figure 3.37 Cremation Burial 15, showing base of urn and SF29 (Scale 30cm).

Figure 3.38 Plan of Possible Burial A.

Figure 3.39 Illustration of lamp from Possible Burial A.

Figure 3.40 Plan of Possible Burial B.

Figure 3.41 Possible Burial B.

Figure 3.42 Plan of Possible Inhumation Burial C and reconstructed flagon.

Figure 3.43 Possible Inhumation Burial C.

Figure 3.44 Plan of Cremation Burial 16.

Figure 3.45 Plan of Cremation Burial 17.

Figure 3.46 Cremation Burial 17.

Figure 3.47 Plan of Cremation Burial 18.

Figure 3.48 Profile illustration of beaker from Cremation Burial 18.

Figure 3.49 Cremation Burial 18.

Figure 3.50 Plan of Cremation Burial 19.

Figure 3.51 Cremation Burial 19.

Figure 3.52 Fragment of tombstone.

Figure 3.53 Front and back of stone gaming board fragment (SF62).

Chapter 5 The Roman Pottery

Figure 5.1 Fabric groups/types by sherd count in Phases 1-5

Figure 5.2 Fabric groups/types by %sherd count within each phase in Phases 1-5

Figure 5.3 Dr. 27 cup stamped with die 1a of Ioenalis and bearing an incised graffito.

Figure 5.4 Rubbings of decorated and stamped samian ware.

Figure 5.5 Lion-headed mortarium spout.

Figure 5.6 Mortarium stamp from Deposit Group 3/(440).

Figure 5.7 Stamped mortarium from post-Roman soil build up (107).

Chapter 6 Interpreting the Roman Cremation Cemetery

Figure 6.1 Excavated cremation cemeteries close to Roman forts in northern Britain.

Figure 6.2 Northern cremation cemeteries in context with some key excavated cemeteries in southeast Britannia and Gallia Belgica.

Figure 6.3a Assemblages of grave goods from La Fache des Près Aulnoys cemetery, Bavay - Graves 7/26 and 7/127 (after Loridant and Deru 2009 Figs 89 &amp

108).

Figure 6.3b Assemblages of grave goods from La Fache des Près Aulnoys cemetery, Bavay - Graves 7/26 and 7/127 (after Loridant and Deru 2009 Figs 89 &amp

Figure 6.4 Attestations of cohorts of Nervii and Morini in Britain.

List of Tables

Table 3.1 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 1 deposits (RW = roundwood).

Table 3.2 Charred plant macrofossils from Cremation Burial 1.

Table 3.3 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 2 deposits (RW = roundwood).

Table 3.4 Charred plant macrofossils from Cremation Burial 2.

Table 3.5 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 3 deposits (RW = roundwood).

Table 3.6 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 4 deposits.

Table 3.7 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 5 deposits.

Table 3.8 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 6 deposits.

Table 3.9 Charred plant macrofossils from Cremation Burial 6.

Table 3.10 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 7 deposits.

Table 3.11 Charred plant macrofossils from Cremation Burial 7.

Table 3.12 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 8 deposits (RW = roundwood).

Table 3.13 Charred plant macrofossils from Cremation Burial 8.

Table 3.14 Charred plant macrofossils from Cremation Burial 9.

Table 3.15 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 10 deposits (RW = roundwood).

Table 3.16 Charred plant macrofossils from Cremation Burial 10.

Table 3.17 Charcoal identifications from Cremation Burial 11 deposits.

Table 3.18 Charred plant macrofossils from Cremation Burial 11.

Notes:

CC BY-NC-ND

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9781803278445

1803278447

OCLC:

1498266861