Chinese syntactic grammar : functional and conceptual principles / Jian Kang Loar.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Loar, Jian Kang, 1947-

Series:

Berkeley models of grammars ; vol. 9.

Berkeley models of grammars ; v. 9

Language:

Chinese

English

Subjects (All):

Chinese language--Grammar.

Chinese language.

Chinese language--Syntax.

Physical Description:

xxiii, 493 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

New York : Peter Lang, 2011.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: ch. One Organizational Principles of Chinese Syntactic Structures and Essential Notions

1.1. Organizational Principles of Syntactic Structures

1.1.1. Principle of Temporal Sequence (PTS)

1.1.2. Process vs. Result

1.1.3. Functional Principles

1.1.4. Interplay between Conceptual and Functional Principles

1.1.5. Other Principles the Analysis Is Based On

1.2. Basic Clause Structures in Chinese

1.2.1. Basic Word Order of SVO

1.2.2. Simple Sentence

1.2.3. Central Verb Element and Chinese Fixed Word Order

1.2.4. Clause Patterns in Chinese: SV, SVO, SAV, SVOO, SV(0)C

1.2.5. Semantic, Pragmatic and Grammatical Relations

1.3. Semantic Roles of the Clause Elements

1.3.1. Predicate, Argument, and Predication

1.3.2. Semantic Roles of the Clause Element Subject

1.3.3. Semantic Roles of the Clause Element Object

1.3.4. Semantic Roles of the Clause Element Complement

1.3.5. Semantic Roles of the Clause Element Adverbial

ch. Two Adverbials and Their Positions With Respect to the VP

2.1. Conceptual Principle of Temporal Sequence

2.2. Outline of Semantic Roles of Adverbials

2.2.1. Adverbial of Position `zai + NPloc' and Its Order

2.2.2. `zai + NPloc' Phrase Acts as a Sentential Adverbial

2.2.3. Adverbials of Direction and Source

2.2.4. Process Adverbials

2.2.4.1. Adverbials of Manner

2.2.4.2. Adverbials of Means and Instrument

2.2.5. Subject-Oriente Adverbials

2.2.5.1. Subject-Oriented Adverbials Depicting Subject Referent

2.2.5.2. Subject-Oriented Adverbials Expressing Volition

2.3. Time Adverbials and the Principle of Temporal Scope

2.3.1. Time-position Adverbials

2.3.2. Time Expressions of Span and Duration

2.3.3. Expressions of Time Frequency

2.4. Attitudinal Adverbials

2.4.1. Modality

2.4.2. Semantic Scope and Focus

2.4.3. Common Emphasizing Adverbials

2.4.4. Focusing Adverbials

2.4.5. Viewpoint Adverbials

2.4.6. Common Intensifying Adverbials

2.4.7. Other Adverbials of Modality

2.4.8. Summary of Adverbials of Modality

2.5. Relative Positions of Multiple Adverbials

2.6. Semantic Blend

2.7. Location and its Expression

2.7.1. Relational Nature of Location

2.7.2. Principle `Whole-Before-Part' and Position Words

2.7.3. Spatial Relations Encoded by Compound Position Words

2.7.4. Constant and Projected Locations

2.8. Sentence Patterns Expressing Location

2.8.1. Existential You Sentence

2.8.2. Locative Zai Sentence

2.8.3. Identifying Shi Sentence

ch. Three Verbal Complement and Clause Element of Complement

3.1. Background Knowledge

3.1.1. Situation Types

3.1.2. Aspect

3.1.3. Aspectual Features of Chinese Activity Verbs

3.2. Resultative Verb Compounds (RVC)

3.2.1. Definition of the RVC

3.2.2. Lexical Properties of the RVC

3.2.2.1. V2 Is a Property Adjective Used as an Inchoative

3.2.2.2. V2 Is an Achievement

3.2.2.3. VI is an Activity

3.2.2.4. VI is an Inchoative Verb

3.2.2.5. Verbs that Cannot Act as VI

3.2.3. Resultative Verb Compounds Are Accomplishments

3.2.4. I lead of the RVC

3.2.5. Perfective Aspect Induced by the RVC

3.2.6. RVC Is Incompatible with the Progressive `zheng zai'

3.2.7. Often Used Resultative Complements

3.3. Directional Verb Compounds (DVC)

3.3.1. Brief Introduction to Directional Complements

3.3.2. Syntactic Features of Directional Verb Compounds

3.3.3. Aspectual Properties and Function of the DCC

3.3.3.1. Semantic Components of Direction Verbs

3.3.3.2. Direction Verbs are Achievement Verbs

3.3.3.3. Aspectual Function of the DCC

3.3.4. Lexical Properties of the Directional Verb Compound

3.3.4.1. Activity Verbs Acting as VI

3.3.4.2. Inchoative Verbs Acting as VI

3.3.4.3. Adjective Stative Verbs Acting as VI

3.3.5. Formal Tests for the DVC as Accomplishments

3.4. Clause Element of Complements

3.4.1. Action-Measure Complement (AMC)

3.4.1.1. AMC Denoting Frequency `X bian' or ci'

3.4.1.2. AMC Denoting the Quantity of an Action

3.4.1.3. `yixiar' Used as an AMC

3.4.2. Time-Measure Complement (TMC)

3.4.3. Conceptual Structure Underlying AMCs/TMCs

3.4.4. Complements Expressed by Prepositional Phrases

3.4.4.1. Prepositional Phrase of `zai + NPloc'

3.4.4.2. Prepositional Phrase of `dao + NPloc'

3.4.4.3. Complements Expressed by `xiang/wang + NPloc'

3.5. Potential Complement

3.5.1. Definition of the Potential Complement

3.5.2. Differences Between Potential Complement and `neng/keyl'

3.5.3. Potential Form of RVCs and the De Complement

3.5.4. Three Idiomatic Potential Complement Expressions

3.6. Complement of Degree

3.6.1. Definition of The Complement of Degree

3.6.2. Types of Verb Taking a Complement of Degree

3.6.3. Commonly Used Complements of Degree

3.6.4. Differences Between Degree and Resultative Complements

ch. Four Order of Clauses in the Compound and Complex Sentence

4.1. Compound and Complex Sentences

4.2. Semantic Roles of Adverbial Clauses

4.2.1. Clauses of Reason or Cause

4.2.2. Clauses of Concession

4.2.3. Clauses of Condition

4.2.3.1. Direct Conditional Clauses

4.2.3.2. Necessary Conditional Clauses

4.2.4. Conditional-Concessive Clauses

4.2.4.1. Alternative Conditional-Concessive Clauses

4.2.4.2. Universal Conditional-Concessive Clauses

4.2.5. Clauses of Purpose

4.2.6. Clauses of Result

4.2.7. Clauses of Preference

4.3. Compound Sentence

4.3.1. Coordinated Compound Sentence

4.3.2. Sequential Compound Sentence

4.3.3. Alternative Compound Sentence

4.3.4. Additive Compound Sentence

4.4. Often Used Coordinators

4.4.1. Coordinator `er'

4.4.2. Coordinator `yijf'

4.4.3. Coordinator `he'

4.4.4. Coordinator `ji...you'

4.4.5. Coordinator `bing/bingie'

ch. Five Attributives and the Principle for Ordering Multiple Premodifiers

5.1. Pattern of the Basic Internal Order in Chinese NPs

5.1.1. Semantic and Pragmatic Functions of D, Q and A

5.1.2. Interaction of SP and RP in the Ordering of DQAN

5.2. More Fronted Positions of De-Modifiers

5.2.1. Flexible Positions of De-Modifiers

5.2.2. Refined Principle of Referential Precedence

5.2.3. Referentiality of Adjectives and R-A Ratio

5.3. De-modifier Occurring in Pre-Q or Post-Q position

5.4. De-Modifiers Occurring in Pre-D Positions 3 & 4

5.5. General Guideline for Ordering Multiple Adjectives

5.6. Principle for Ordering Cross-Categorical Premodifiers

5.6.1. Modifiers and Temporal Stability

5.6.2. General Principle of Permanent/Temporary Polarity

5.7. Supplementary Knowledge about Modifiers D, A and VP

5.7.1. Lexical Items That Have Definite Referential Force

5.7.2. Adjective Modifiers

5.7.2.1. Classification of Adjectives

5.7.2.2. Adjectives Used Attributively

5.7.2.3. Adjectives Used as the Predicate

5.7.3. Noun Phrase Modifiers

5.7.4. Verb Phrases as Modifiers

ch. Six Four Resultative Sentence Structures in Chinese

6.1. Background Knowledge

6.2. Causative Ba Sentence

6.2.1. Ba Construction as a Causative Structure

6.2.2. Differences between Ba and Non-Ba Sentences

6.2.3. VP in the Ba Sentence Must Express a Result

6.2.3.1. Resultative VPs Acting as the Predicate

6.2.3.2. Restrictions on Activity Verbs Acting as the Predicate

6.2.3.3. Activity Verbs with Resultant Object as the Predicate

6.2.3.4. Psyche or Cognitive Verb as the Predicate

6.2.4. Agentivity of the Subject NP

6.2.5. Communicative Function of the Ba Sentence

6.3. Null Bei and Bei Sentence

6.3.1. Background Knowledge

6.3.2. Null Bei Construction

6.3.3. Predicate of the Null Bei Expresses Result

6.4. Bei Construction

6.4.1. Nature of the Bei Construction

6.4.2. VPs Acting as the Predicate of the Bei Sentence

6.4.3. Positions of Adverbials in the Bei Sentence

6.4.4. Differences Between the Bei and You sentence

6.4.5. Organizational Principles for Ba/Bei/Null Bei Sentences

6.5. De Complement Construction

6.5.1. Traditional Analysis of the De Complement

6.5.2. Nature of the De Complement Construction

6.5.3. Comparison Between the De Complement and RVC

6.5.4. Notion of Goal or Result

6.5.5. Types of Verb Acting as the Matrix Verb

6.5.5.1. Activity Verbs Act as the Matrix Verb

6.5.5.2. Property Adjectives Act as the Matrix Verb

6.5.5.3. Stative Adjectives Cannot Act as the Matrix Verb

6.5.5.4. Psyche Verbs Act as the Matrix Verb

6.5.6. Arguments Predicated of by the De Resultative

6.5.6.1. Is Simpson's Law Observed in the De complement?

6.5.6.2. Affected Arguments Predicated of by De Complements

6.5.6.3. Turn to the Theory of Macroroles

6.5.6.4. Subjects with the Semantic Role of Experiencer

6.5.6.5. Subjects with the Semantic Role of External Causer

6.5.6.6. Arguments of Psyche Verbs

6.5.6.7. Object Argument in the De Complement Sentence

6.5.7. Predicate-focused De Complement Sentence

6.5.7.1. Different Foci on the Event and its Participants

6.5.7.2. Essence of an (Active) Event Is Change

6.5.7.3. Interpreted Shifts of Situation Types

6.5.7.4. De Complements Used as Derived Stative Sentences

6.5.8. Co-occurrence of Ba and De complement Sentences

Note continued: 6.5.9. Co-occurrence of Bei/Null Bei/De Complement Sentences

ch. Seven Topic-Comment Structure of the Chinese Language

7.1. Background Knowledge

7.1.1. Definitions of Topic

7.1.2. End-Focus and Marked-Focus

7.1.3. Subject as a Marked Focus

7.2. Characteristics of Chinese Topic-Comment Structures

7.2.1. Topic Expressions and Their References

7.2.2. Relationships between Topic and Comment

7.2.2.1. Topic Co-Refers to an Argument in the Comment

7.2.2.2. Pragmatic Relations between Topic and Comment

7.2.2.3. Subject-Predicate Sentence

7.2.3. Topic May Not Be Confined to One Referent

7.2.4. Grammatical Forms Functioning as Topics

7.2.5. Omission of Subject in Topic-Comment Sentences

7.2.6. Object NP Functions As Topic

7.3. Topic Acceptability Scale

7.4. Topic Promotion Constructions

7.4.1. Presentative Construction

7.4.1.1. Structure of the Presentative Sentence

7.4.1.2. Communicative Function of the Presentative

7.4.2. Existential You Construction

7.4.2.1. Communicative Function of the You Sentence

7.4.2.2. Existential Sentences with Stative Verbs

7.5. Topic-Comment Constructions in Chinese

7.5.1. Sentences with Nominal Predicates

7.5.2. S-P Predicate Construction

7.5.2.1. Structure of the S-P Predicate Sentence

7.5.2.2. Communicative Functions of S-P Predicate Sentences

7.5.2.3. Relation between NP1 and NP2

7.5.2.4. S-P/Nominal Predicate Sentence Transformation

7.5.3. Comparative Constructions

7.5.3.1. Comparison of Superiority: The BT Construction

7.5.3.2. Item Being Compared Must Be Topic

7.5.3.3. Predicate Is Stative and Gradable

7.5.3.4. Comparison of Inferiority: The `Meiyou' Sentence

7.5.3.5. Comparison of Equality: The `Gen Yiyang' Sentence

7.6. Left-Detachment Sentence

7.6.1. Definition of the Left-Detachment Sentence

7.6.2. Communicative Function of Left-Detachment Sentences

7.6.3. Left-Detachment and the Topic Sentence

7.6.4. Pragmatic Motivation for Left-Detachment Sentences

7.7. Right-Detachment Sentence

7.8. Contrastive Topic Constructions

7.8.1. `lian ye/dou' Construction

7.8.1.1. `lian' Element Is Topic or Subtopic

7.8.1.2. Function of the Adverb `ye/dou'

7.8.1.3. Semantic Relations between `lian' Item and the VP

7.8.2. Contrastive Topic `an Interrogative + ye/dou'

7.8.3. Topic `Reduplicated Measure Word + dou'

7.8.4. `yl + Classifier + NP ye/dou' Construction

7.9. Topic-Copying Construction

7.10. Information Focus Constructions in Chinese

7.10.1. Chinese Has a Strong Preference for End Focus

7.10.2. S Adjective-Predicate Construction

7.10.3. Information Focus Construction `shi de' Sentence

7.10.3.1. `shi de' Construction Emphasizing Adverbials

7.10.3.2. `shi de' Sentence Emphasizing the Agent

7.10.3.3. `shi de' Construction Emphasizing a Proposition

7.10.3.4. Communicative Function of `shi de' Construction

7.10.3.5. Difference between `shi de' and Copula `shi' Sentences.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 483-487) and index.

ISBN:

9781433112522

1433112523

OCLC:

643763885

Publisher Number:

90101765806