Concentrated solar power systems / Bellamkonda Pragathi, D. P. Kothari.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pragathi, Bellamkonda, author.

Kothari, D. P. (Dwarkadas Pralhaddas), 1944- author.

Contributor:

Wiley InterScience (Online service)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Solar energy.

Solar concentrators.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xx, 290 pages) : illustrations (some color), map

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley-IEEE Press, [2025]

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

About the Authors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 Conventional Energy Sources

1.1 Energy Resources and Their Potential

1.1.1 Oil

1.1.2 Natural Gas

1.1.3 Coal

1.1.4 Hydropower

1.1.5 Nuclear Energy

1.2 Need for Renewable Energy Sources

1.3 Potential Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for Power Generation

1.3.1 Solar Energy

1.3.2 Wind Energy

1.3.3 Biomass Energy

1.3.4 Hydropower Plants

1.3.5 Hydropower Project Classification

1.3.6 Geothermal Energy and Its Potential in India Wave Energy

1.3.7 Wave Energy

1.3.8 Tidal Energy

1.3.9 Off-Grid Renewable Power

1.3.9.1 Approaches to Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

1.4 Concentrating Optics

1.5 Limits on Concentration

1.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 Measurement and Estimation of Solar Irradiance

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Parabolas and Paraboloids

2.2.1 Practical Factors Reducing Concentration

2.2.1.1 Specularity Error

2.2.1.2 Surface Slope Error

2.2.1.3 Shape Error

2.2.1.4 Tracking Error

2.2.1.5 Combinations of Errors

2.2.1.6 Cosine Losses and End Losses

2.2.1.7 Focal Region Flux Distributions

2.2.1.8 Prediction of Focal Region Distributions

2.2.1.9 Losses from Receivers

2.2.1.10 Radiative Losses

2.2.1.11 Convection Losses

2.2.1.12 Conduction Losses

2.2.1.13 Energy Transport and Storage

2.3 Power Cycles for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems

2.3.1 Steam Turbines

2.3.2 Organic Rankine Cycles

2.3.3 Stirling Engines

2.3.4 Brayton Cycles

2.3.5 Concentrating Photovoltaics

2.3.6 Others

2.4 Energy Analysis and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

2.4.1 Heat Exchange Between Fluids

2.4.2 Optimization of Operating Temperature

2.4.3 Optimization of Aperture Size

2.4.4 Solar Multiple and Capacity Factor.

2.4.5 Predicting Overall System Performance

2.4.6 Economic Analysis

2.4.7 Stochastic Modeling of CSP Systems

2.5 The Structure of the Sun

2.5.1 The Solar Irradiance Spectrum

2.5.2 Factors Affecting the Availability of Solar Energy on a Collector Surface

2.6 Radiation Instruments

2.6.1 Solar Irradiance Components

2.6.2 Instruments Used

2.6.3 Detectors for Measuring Radiation

2.6.4 Measuring Diffuse Radiation

2.7 Why Solar Energy Estimation?

2.8 Mathematical Models of Solar Irradiance

2.8.1 CPCR2 (Code for Physical Computation of Radiation, 2 Bands) Model

2.9 Diffuse and Global Energy

2.10 REST2 (Reference Evaluation of Solar Transmittance, 2 Bands) Model

2.11 Direct Energy

2.12 Diffuse and Global Energy

2.12.1 Reference Evaluation of Solar Transmittance Model

2.12.2 Estimation of Global Irradiance

2.12.3 Estimation of Diffuse Irradiance

2.13 Regression Models

2.14 Intelligent Modeling

2.15 Fuzzy Logic-Based Modeling of Solar Irradiance

2.15.1 Datasets

2.16 Artificial Neural Network for Solar Energy Estimation

2.16.1 Artificial Neuron Model

2.16.2 Normalization of Meteorological Data

2.16.3 Drawbacks of Conventional ANN

2.17 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Parabolic-Trough Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Commercially Available Parabolic-Trough Collectors (PTCs)

3.2.1 Large PTCs

3.2.2 Small PTCs

3.2.3 Receivers

3.3 Existing Parabolic-Trough Collector (PTC) Solar Thermal Power Plants

3.3.1 Parabolic-Trough Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems

3.3.2 Design of Parabolic-Trough Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems

3.3.2.1 Basic PTC Parameters

3.3.2.2 Energy Balance in a PTC

3.3.2.3 The Objective Function for Optimization

3.4 Operations and Maintenance (O&amp

M) Costs.

3.4.1 Choice of Performance Criterion

3.4.2 Incident, Absorbed, or Delivered Energy

3.4.3 Inclusion/Effect of Time-of-Day Pricing, Sloped Fields

3.5 Effect of Constraints on Optimization

3.6 Heliostat Factors

3.6.1 Heliostat Size

3.6.2 Focusing and Facet Canting

3.6.3 Off-Axis Aberration

3.6.4 Effects of Tracking Mode

3.6.5 Effects of Heliostat Size on Heliostat Cost and Other Factors

3.6.6 Reflectivity and Cleanliness

3.7 Receiver Considerations: Cavity vs Flat vs Cylindrical Receivers

3.7.1 Field Constraint

3.7.2 Reflective, Radiative, and Thermal Loss of the Cavity

3.7.3 Cost and Weight

3.7.4 Effect of Allowable Flux Density on Design

3.7.5 Emissivity vs Absorptivity vs Temperature

3.8 Variants on the Basic Central Receiver System

3.8.1 Beam-Down Systems

3.8.2 Use of Compound Parabolic Concentrators

3.8.3 Optical Beam Splitting

3.9 Field Layout and Land Use

3.9.1 Ease of Access for Maintenance

3.10 Conclusion

Chapter 4 Hybrid PV-CSP Systems

4.1 Hybrid Strategies

4.2 Noncompact Hybrid Strategies

4.3 Compact Hybrid Strategies

4.3.1 High-Temperature Approach

4.3.2 Spectral Splitting

4.3.2.1 PV One-Sun Approach

4.3.2.2 Strategies Based on the Spectral Separation of Light

4.3.3 Performance-Based Comparison of the Main Hybrid Strategies

4.4 Hybrid PV-TS Systems

4.5 Innovative Hybrid Systems

4.5.1 Mixed Hybrid Systems

4.5.2 Luminescent Solar Concentrators

4.5.3 Very High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Coupled with Photovoltaic Conversion

4.6 Conclusion

Chapter 5 Solar Fuels

5.1 Introduction to Solar Fuels

5.2 Solar Cracking and Reforming of Hydrocarbons

5.3 Indirect Heating Reactors

5.4 Solar Reforming of Natural Gas

5.4.1 State of the Art

5.5 Economic Aspects.

5.6 Solar Pyrolysis and Gasification of Solid Carbonaceous Materials

5.6.1 State of the Art

5.6.2 Economic Aspects

5.7 Solar Fuel Production by Thermochemical Dissociation of Water and Carbon Dioxide

5.7.1 H2O and CO2 Dissociation

5.7.2 Liquid Fuel Production

5.7.3 Direct H2O and CO2 Thermolysis

5.8 Thermochemical Cycles Principle

5.9 Cycles with Volatile Oxides

5.10 Nonvolatile Oxide Cycles

5.11 Nonstoichiometric Oxide Cycles

5.11.1 Ferrite-Based Cycles

5.11.2 Ceria-Based Cycles

5.11.3 Perovskite Structure-Based Cycles

5.12 Solar Reactor Concepts for Cycle Implementation

5.13 Decoupled Reactors

5.14 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems and Applications

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Historical Summary

6.2 Fundamental Characteristics of Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems

6.2.1 Acceptance Angle

6.2.2 Principles of Photovoltaic Devices

6.2.3 Maintenance

6.2.4 Energy Payback and Recyclability

6.3 HCPV-Specific Characteristics

6.3.1 Two-Axis Tracking

6.3.2 Multijunction Cells

6.4 LCPV-Specific Characteristics

6.5 Medium Concentration Photovoltaic Devices (MCPV)

6.5.1 Application to the Market

6.6 Design of Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems

6.6.1 Levelized Cost of Energy

6.7 General System Design Goals

6.7.1 System Granularity

6.7.1.1 Optical Method

6.7.1.2 Tracking Type

6.7.1.3 Environmental Control Methodology

6.7.1.4 Cell Administration

6.8 Introduction: Relevance of Energy Storage for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

6.8.1 Current Commercial Status of Storage Technology

6.8.1.1 Sensible Energy Storage

6.9 Liquid Storage Media: Two-Tank Concept

6.10 Liquid Storage Media: Steam Accumulator

6.11 Solid Media Storage Concepts

6.12 Solid Media with Integrated Heat Exchanger.

6.12.1 Packed Bed

6.12.2 Solid Particles

6.13 Latent Heat Storage Concepts

6.14 Phase Change Material (PCM) Concept with Extended Heat Transfer Area

6.15 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Hybridization of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) with Fossil Fuel Power Plants

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Solar Hybridization Approaches

7.3 The Role of Different Concentrators

7.4 Process Integration and Design

7.4.1 Economic Effect

7.5 Hybridization Process and Arrangement

7.6 Case Study Design

7.7 Potential of Systems in China

7.7.1 Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) Power Plants

7.8 Process Integration and Design

7.9 Major Equipment Design

7.10 Typical Demonstration Plant and Project

7.10.1 Advanced Hybridization Systems

7.11 High-Temperature Solar Air Preheating

7.12 Solar Thermochemical Hybridization Plant

7.12.1 Case Study of Medium Temperature Thermochemical Hybridization

7.13 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Grid Integration of PV Systems

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Grid-Connected PV Power Systems

8.3 Inverter Control Algorithms

8.4 Synchronous Reference Frame-Based Current Controller

8.5 Digital PI-Based Current Controller

8.6 Adaptive Notch Filter-Based Grid Synchronization Approach

8.7 Modeling, Simulation, and Hardware Implementation of Controllers

8.8 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Optimization of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Plant Designs Through Integrated Techno-Economic Modeling

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The Most Recent Advancements in CSP Plant Design and Simulation

9.2.1 Calculating Energy Yield

9.3 Economic Simulation

9.4 Solar Thermal Power Plant Design Procedure

9.5 Multivariable Optimization of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Plants

9.6 Overview of Optimization Methods.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Electronic reproduction. Hoboken, N.J. Available via World Wide Web.

Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on March 18, 2025).

Other Format:

Print version: Pragathi, Bellamkonda. Concentrated solar power systems

ISBN:

9781394272372

1394272375

9781394272389

1394272383

9781394272365

1394272367

Publisher Number:

90101468303

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.