Neuroglia in the Healthy Nervous System. Part I / edited by Alexei Verkhratsky [and three others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Verkhratskiĭ, A. N. (Alekseĭ Nestorovich), editor.

Series:

Handbook of clinical neurology ; Volume 209.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series ; Volume 209

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Neuroglia.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (684 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier B.V., [2025]

Summary:

Neuroglia in the Healthy Nervous System, Part I provides insights into newly emerging developments in neuroglia biology, focusing on the healthy nervous system.Driven by advances in genetics, transcriptomics, electrophysiological, and imaging techniques, this volume bridges the gap between neuroglia basic science and neuroglia clinical research.

Contents:

Front Cover

Neuroglia in the Healthy Nervous System, Part I

Copyright

Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series

Foreword

Preface

Contributors

Contents

Chapter 1: Neuroglia in the healthy brain

Neuroglia: Definition and Classification

References

Chapter 2: Evolution of neuroglia: From worm to man

Evolution of the Nervous System

Neuroglia: Homeostatic and Defensive Arm of the Nervous System

Evolution of Neuroglia: General Remarks

Neuroglia in Invertebrates

General remarks

Cnidaria and Ctenophora-Do they contain ancient forms of supportive cells in the nervous system?

Platyhelminthes

Nematoda

Tardigrade

Annelida

Insects

Mollusca

Neuroglia in Vertebrates

Echinodermata

Amphioxus

Elasmobranchii

Teleosts

Amphibians

Sauropsida

Mammals

Evolution of Astrocytes Form High Primates to Humans

Protoplasmic astrocytes

Fibrous astrocytes

Interlaminar astrocytes

Varicose projection astrocytes

Quest toward the identification of genes that underlie astrocyte evolution

Evolution of Oligodendroglia and Myelin

Evolution of Microglia

Conclusions: Animal Models for Glial Research From the Evolutionary Perspective

Chapter 3: Orchestrating the neuroglial compartment: Ontogeny and developmental interaction of astrocytes, oligodendrocyt ...

Introduction

General principles of neuroglial development

Astrocytes

Generation and regulation of astrocyte precursors

Differentiation of APCs toward astrocytes

Specialization of astrocytes

What is the effect of development on astrocytic heterogeneity?

Astrocyte development in humans

Oligodendrocytes

Generation and regulation of oligodendrocyte precursors

Differentiation of OPCs toward oligodendrocytes

Specialization of oligodendrocytes.

Potential other functions for OPCs?

Oligodendrocyte development in humans

Microglia

Generation and regulation of microglia progenitors

Differentiation of EMPs toward microglia

Specialization of microglia

Sex differences in microglia development

Microglia development in humans

How Do Glia-Glia Interactions Impact Glia Development?

Effects of neuroglia on OPC development and oligodendrocyte specialization

Astrocyte-microglia crosstalk during development

Understanding Neuroglial Development Shapes Novel Technologies

Acknowledgments

Chapter 4: Neuroglia in aging

Aging and the Brain

Aging of Astroglia

Molecular profile of aging astrocytes

Morphology

Physiology

Aging is Associated With Decline in Astroglial Support

Neurotransmitter homeostasis in aging

Neurogenesis

Neuroglio-vascular unit, glia limitans perivascularis, and the blood-brain barrier

Age-dependent decline of the glymphatic system

Age-dependent decline in astroglial metabolic support

Aging and astrocyte-based transmitophagy

Age-dependent decline in astrocyte-based cholesterol synthesis

Aging of Oligodendroglia

Aging of microglia

How to rejuvenate aged neuroglia

Conclusions

Chapter 5: Physiology of neuroglia of the central nervous system

Introduction: Neuroglia as Homeostatic and Defensive Arm of the CNS

Physiology of Astroglia

Diversity of astroglia

Complex Morphology of Protoplasmic Astrocytes

Resting membrane potential and ion distribution

Ion channels

Receptors to neurotransmitters and neuromodulators

Membrane transporters

Ionic signaling in astroglia

Physiology of Oligodendroglia

Physiology of oligodendrocytes

Physiology of adult oligodendroglial precursor cells

Physiology of Microglia

Membrane physiology

Microglial receptors.

Calcium signaling in microglia

Chapter 6: Gliotransmission in physiologic and pathologic conditions

Gliotransmission in Physiological Conditions

Gliotransmission

Physiologic function of tonically released glutamate and d-serine

Glutamate

d-serine

Role of tonic NMDAR currents in synaptic transmission

Role of tonic NMDAR currents in synaptic plasticity

Role of tonic NMDAR currents in cognitive functions

Physiological function of astrocyte-mediated tonic GABA

Tonic GABA current and neuronal excitability

Shunting inhibition of information processing

Synaptic transmission and plasticity

Summary of physiological function of tonic GABA

Gliotransmission in Psychiatric Disorders

Gliotransmission changes in major depression

Glutamate-related changes in major depression

Glutamate transporters and homeostasis in major depression

Dihydrokainic acid studies on glutamate uptake in major depression

Adenosine-related changes in major depression

Astrocyte-derived ATP in major depression

Enhancing adenosine A1 receptor signaling in major depression

Cytokine-mediated glial interaction in major depression

Structural and functional impact on prefrontal cortex in major depression

Astrocytic influence on cerebral vascular function in major depression

Astrocyte-neuron interaction in mood regulation

Summary of major depression

Gliotransmission changes in bipolar disorder

Neurobiologic underpinnings and astrocyte dysfunction in bipolar disorder

Astrocytic dysfunction and neuropathology

Astrocytic resources to mood stabilizers

Transcriptomic insights and astrocyte-neuron interactions in bipolar disorder

Expression changes in cortex

Inflammatory signaling in astrocytes in bipolar disorder

Developmental and genetic perspectives of bipolar disorder.

Pediatric bipolar disorder and cortical changes

Summary of bipolar disorder

Gliotransmission in schizophrenia

Astrocytic dysfunction in schizophrenia

Astrocyte-specific protein alterations

Genetic and developmental dysfunctions

Gene expression and neurologic insights

Expression profiles in schizophrenia

Astrocytes and GABAergic interactions

Therapeutic and molecular targets

Molecular pathways affecting astrocyte differentiation

Pharmacogenomic insights into lithium response

Astrocyte-neuron interactions and genetic risk

Cell adhesion genes and synaptic interaction

Neuron and astrocytic program

Summary of schizophrenia

Gliotransmission in Neurological Diseases

Alzheimer disease

Glutamate and glutamine in AD

GABA from astrocytes in AD

Astrocyte-driven inflammation

Parkinson disease

Impulsivity and dopamine therapy

GABAergic system alterations in PD

Glutamatergic system alterations in PD

Role of ATP in PD

Epilepsy

Changes in GABAergic systems in epilepsy

Glutamatergic system alterations in epilepsy

Autism spectrum disorder

Glutamate and glutamine in ASD

GABA in ASD

Conclusion

Chapter 7: Neuroglia and brain energy metabolism

Role of Glia for Brain Energy Metabolism

ATP and Adenosine Metabolism

Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA Metabolism

Role of Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle

Seizure-Induced Impairment of Metabolism

Metabolic and Epigenetic Changes in Epilepsy

Metabolic Therapies

Therapeutic Manipulation of Astrocytic Adenosine Metabolism

Adenosine for Epilepsy Prevention

Astrocyte energy (dys)regulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Conclusions and Perspectives

Conflict of interest statement

References.

Chapter 8: Neuroglia and the blood-brain barrier

Introduction to the Blood-Brain Barrier

Structure of the BBB

Development of the blood-brain barrier

Function and dysfunction of the BBB

Influence of Neuroglia and Mural Cells on the Blood-Brain Barrier

Pericytes

Oligodendrocytes/oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

Modeling the Blood-Brain Barrier

In vivo models

In vitro models

Primary cells and immortalized cell lines

Transwell system

Human induced pluripotent stem cells

3D culture and organoids

Organ-on-chip

Chapter 9: Metabolic control of microglia in health and disease

Metabolic Regulation of Immune Cells

Metabolic Reprogramming: When and Why

Major Intracellular Metabolic Pathways and Their Influence on Microglial Function

Glucose and Glycolysis

Lactate and Lactate Metabolism

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Oxidation and Synthesis

Cholesterol Metabolism

Ketone Bodies

Amino Acids

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport Chain or Electron Transport System

Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives

Chapter 10: The glymphatic system

Historical Perspective and Discovery

The Glymphatic System in Health and Neurologic Diseases

Aging

Sleep

Edema

Alzheimer Disease

Parkinson Disease

Huntington Disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Small Vessel Disease (Hypertension)

Hydrocephalus

Migraine

Stroke

Traumatic Brain Injury

Psychiatric Disorders

Clinical Imaging Tools for the Study of Glymphatic Function

Future Directions in Glymphatic System Research

Chapter 11: Neuroglia and the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Glial Cells and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.

Astrocytes and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780443191053

0443191050

9780443191046

0443191042

OCLC:

1512099882