Applied welding engineering : processes, code, and standards / by Ramesh Singh.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Singh, Ramesh, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Welding.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (446 pages)

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Butterworth-Heinemann, [2020]

Summary:

Applied Welding Engineering: Processes, Codes and Standards, Third Edition, provides expert advice on how to comply with international codes and work them into "day-to-day" design, construction and inspection.

Contents:

Intro

Applied Welding Engineering: Processes, Codes, and Standards

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Preface to the first edition

Preface to the second edition

Preface to the third edition

Acknowledgments

Section 1: Introduction to Basic Metallurgy

Chapter 1: Introduction

Pure metals and alloys

Smelting

Iron

Sponge iron

Chapter 2: Alloys

Alloys

Effects of alloying elements

Carbon steels

Sulfur

Manganese

Phosphorous

Silicon

Alloy steels

The effect of alloying elements on ferrite

Effects of alloying elements on carbide

Chapter 3: Physical metallurgy

Crystal lattices

Crystal structure nomenclature

Solidification

Lever rule of solidification

Constitutional supercooling

Elementary theory of nucleation

Allotropy

Crystal imperfections

Grain size

Low-temperature ductility and notch toughness of steel

Chapter 4: Structure of materials

Phase diagrams

Different types of phase diagrams

Iron-iron carbide phase diagram

Explanation of iron-carbon phase diagram

Rationale for letter designations in iron-iron carbide phase diagram

Chapter 5: Production of steel

Electric arc furnace (EAF) process

Furnace charging

Melting

Refining

Phosphorus removal

Sulfur removal

Nitrogen and hydrogen control

Deslagging

Tapping

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF)

Refining reactions

Carbon

Phosphorus

Deoxidation of steel

Rimmed steel

Capped steel

Semikilled steel

Killed steel

Deoxidation equilibria

Practical case emphasizing the importance of deoxidation of steel for critical welding applications

Chapter 6: Classification of steels

Low-carbon

Medium-carbon

High-carbon

Ultrahigh-carbon.

High-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA)

Classification of high-strength low-alloy steels

Low-alloy steels

Low-carbon quenched and tempered steels

Medium-carbon ultrahigh-strength steels

Bearing steels

Chromium-molybdenum heat-resistant steels

AISI series

Material classification through the processing methods

Recrystallization rolling

Dynamic recrystallization-controlled rolling

Chapter 7: Cast iron and cast steel

Types of cast iron

White cast iron

Malleable cast iron

Ferritic malleable iron

White heart cast iron

Black heart cast iron

Pearlite malleable cast iron

Martensitic malleable iron

Gray cast iron

Castability of gray cast iron

Chilled cast iron

Nodular (spheroidal graphite) cast iron

Castability, solidification, and shrinkage

Alloy cast irons

Corrosion, wear, abrasion, and heat resistance of alloy cast irons

Classification of special high-alloy cast irons

Graphite free

High-silicon cast irons

High-chromium cast irons (Ni-hard)

High-nickel cast irons (Ni-resist)

Austenitic gray cast irons

Steel castings

ASTM A 781/A 781M: Castings, steel and alloy, common requirements for general industrial use

ASTM A 703/A 703M: Steel castings, general requirements for pressure containing parts

ASTM A 957: Investment castings, steel and alloy, common requirements for general industrial use

ASTM A 985: Steel investment castings-General requirements for pressure-containing parts

ISO 4990: Steel castings-General technical delivery requirements

Chapter 8: Stainless steels and other CRAs

Stainless steel production

Forming

Heat treatment

Cutting stainless steel

Finishing

Fabrication of stainless steel

Welding and joining

Types of stainless steels

Classification of stainless steel

Martensitic stainless steels.

Properties of martensitic stainless steel

Ferritic stainless steels

Properties of ferritic stainless steel

Pitting resistance equivalent

Austenitic stainless steels

Properties of austenitic stainless steel

Duplex stainless steels

Properties of duplex stainless steel

Precipitation-hardening stainless steels

Properties of precipitation-hardening stainless steel

Chapter 9: Nonferrous materials

Copper and copper alloys

Aluminum and aluminum alloys

Physical metallurgy of aluminum

Effect of alloying elements on aluminum

Effect of iron

Effect of silicon

Effect of manganese

Effect of magnesium

Effect of copper

Effect of zinc

Effect of chromium

Effect of zirconium

Effect of lithium

Age-hardenable alloys

Nickel and nickel alloys

Titanium and titanium alloys

Chapter 10: Working with metals

Elastic limit

Plastic deformation

Fracture

Polycrystalline material

Cold-working

Stored energy

Restoring the lattice structure of metal after cold-work-Annealing

Grain growth

Hot-working

Chapter 11: Mechanical properties and testing of metals

Strength of materials

Elastic and plastic behavior

Ductile vs brittle behavior

Failure

Fracture control

Crack growth and fracture

Damage tolerance

Failure analysis

Testing of metals

Tensile test

Hardness test

Impact test

Creep test

Fatigue test

Chapter 12: Heat treatment of steels

TTT and CCT curves

Isothermal-transformation (IT) or (TTT) diagrams

Cooling curves

Cooling-transformation (C-T) diagrams

Stress relief annealing

Normalizing

Annealing

Spheroidizing

Tempering

Austempering of steels

Martempering

Hardening

Hardening by martensite transformation

Case hardening and carburizing

Liquid salt bath nitriding.

Process of quenching

Heat treatment of nonferrous material

Heat treatment of copper and copper alloys

Heat-treating aluminum and its alloys

Heat-treating titanium

Heat-treating furnaces

Liquid heating bath

Section 2: Welding Metallurgy and Welding Processes

Welding procedures

Chapter 2: Physics of welding

Heat

Detail of the heat flow in welding

Heat in arc-welding processes

Heat in plasma arc cutting and welding

Heat in resistance welding

Heat in electroslag welding (ESW)

Heat in welding process using chemical sources

Thermit welding

Heat generated by mechanical processes

Heat by focused sources

Laser-beam welding (LBW)

Electron-beam welding (EBW)

Other sources of heat in welding

Application of the principles of welding physics

Preheating

Determining the need for preheat and the temperature

Postweld heat treatment (PWHT)

Heat and time in welding

Heat input

Energy distribution

Rate of heating

Maximum temperature

Heat generation and temperature distribution-Practical application

Time at temperature

Cooling rates

Base metal mass

Chapter 3: Welding and joining processes

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)

Process fundamentals

How the process works

Covered electrodes used in SMAW process

Joint design and preparation

Gas tungsten arc welding

Process description

Process advantages and limitations

Electrodes

Joint design

Gas metal arc welding

Electrode selection

Gas metal arc welding: Newer variants

The pulse arc systems

Calculating heat input in pulsed arc GMAW

Flux cored arc welding (FCAW)

Principal applications of FCAW

Shielding gases

Submerged arc welding (SAW)

Process description.

Materials

Other common joining and welding processes

Electroslag welding (ESW)

Plasma arc welding

Stud welding

Oxyfuel gas welding

Brazing and soldering

Hyperbaric welding

Arc-welding power sources

Constant-voltage power source

Constant-current power source

Transformers

Thyristor-silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR)

Development of square wave AC power sources

Generators

Alternator

Chapter 4: Welding automation

Mechanized and automatic welding

Welding automation and robots

Degrees of freedom (DOF)

Workspace

Six-joint rotation axes

Position control

Sensing and accuracy

Designing for robotic automation and selecting automation for welding

Productivity by robotic automation of welding

Quality of welding with the use of robots in welding

Safety associated with use of robots in automation of welding

Economics of using robots in welding automation

Further reading

Chapter 5: Physical effect of heat on material during welding

The molten metal

The welded plate

Influence of cooling rate

Chapter 6: Stresses, shrinkage, and distortion in weldments

Stresses in weldments

Definitions of terms

Residual stress

Structure stress

Reaction stress

Stress concentration

Development of stresses

Moving localized heat source

Distribution of stress in a simple weld

Residual stresses

Shrinkages

Shrinkage transverse to a butt weld

Shrinkage longitudinal to a butt weld

Distortion in weldments

General description

Angular distortion

Longitudinal bowing

Buckling

Corrective measures

Thermal straightening

Designing weld joints

Assessing the strength of welds

Throat of a weld

Sizing a fillet weld

Fillet welds

Stress causing fatigue in weld

Weld size and cost control.

Control of welding stresses to minimize through-thickness failures.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-12-822399-5

OCLC:

1157081605