Polymer science and nanotechnology : fundamentals and applications : fundamentals and applications / edited by Ravin Narain.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Narain, Ravin, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Polymers.

Nanotechnology.

Medical Subjects:

Nanotechnology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (488 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Kidlington, Oxford, England ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : Elsevier, [2020]

Summary:

Polymer Science and Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications brings together the latest advances in polymer science and nanoscience.Sections explain the fundamentals of polymer science, including key aspects and methods in terms of molecular structure, synthesis, characterization, microstructure, phase structure and processing and properties.

Contents:

Intro

Polymer Science and Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Part I: Polymer science

Chapter 1: Brief overview of polymer science

1.1. Basic concepts

1.2. Classification of polymers

1.2.1. Polymer structure

1.2.2. Polymerization techniques

1.2.3. Intermolecular forces

1.3. Natural vs synthetic polymers

References

Chapter 2: Nature and molecular structure of polymers

2.1. Natural vs synthetic polymers

2.2. Structure of polymers

2.2.1. Amorphous vs crystalline polymers

2.2.2. Primary structure

2.2.2.1. Monomer polarity

2.2.3. Secondary structure

2.2.3.1. Polymer chain configuration

2.2.4. Tertiary structure

2.3. Molecular weight

Chapter 3: Polymer synthesis

3.1. Step-growth polymerization

3.1.1. General characteristics

3.1.2. Polymerization of tri- and higher-order functional monomers

3.1.3. Polymer types and structure

3.2. Chain-growth polymerization

3.2.1. General characteristics

3.2.2. Polymerizability (thermodynamics)

3.2.2.1. Equilibrium

3.2.3. Stereochemistry of chain-growth polymerization

3.2.4. ``Living´´ versus ``controlled´´ polymerization

3.2.5. Free-radical polymerization

3.2.5.1. Conventional free-radical polymerization

Initiators

Initiation

Propagation

Termination

Inhibitors

Chain transfer

Chain transfer agents

3.2.6. Kinetics of chain-growth polymerization

3.2.6.1. Initiation

3.2.6.2. Propagation

3.2.6.3. Termination

3.2.6.4. Chain transfer

3.2.6.5. Rate of polymerization

3.2.6.6. Trommsdorff-Norrish effect or auto-acceleration or gel effect

3.2.7. Controlled/living radical polymerization

3.2.7.1. Nitroxide-mediated polymerization

3.2.7.2. Atom transfer radical polymerization

Monomer

Initiator.

Catalysts complex

Solvent

Temperature

3.2.7.3. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization

RAFT procedure

RAFT mechanism

3.2.8. Ionic polymerization

3.2.8.1. Anionic polymerization

Overview

Electron transfer

Nucleophilic addition to the monomer double bond

3.2.8.2. Cationic polymerization

Bronsted acid

Lewis acid

3.2.8.3. Group transfer polymerization

3.2.8.4. Ring-opening polymerization

Thermodynamics

Kinetics

3.2.8.5. Coordination polymerization

Ziegler-Natta catalysts

Metallocenes

3.2.8.6. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization

Catalysts

3.3. Solution polymerization

3.4. Suspension polymerization

3.4.1. Process description

3.4.2. Size control

3.4.3. Quality and morphology

3.5. Emulsion polymerization

3.5.1. Conventional emulsion polymerization

3.5.1.1. Miniemulsion

3.5.1.2. Microemulsion

Process description

Size control

3.5.2. Soapless emulsion polymerization

3.5.3. Dispersion polymerization

Further reading

Chapter 4: Copolymerization

4.1. Unspecified copolymers

4.2. Statistical copolymers

4.3. Random copolymers

4.4. Alternating copolymers

4.5. Periodic copolymers

4.6. Block copolymers

4.7. Graft copolymers

4.8. Kinetics of copolymerization

Chapter 5: Modification of polymers

5.1. Physical methods

5.1.1. Self-assembled monolayers

5.1.2. Radiation-induced surface modification

5.1.3. UV-irradiation

5.1.3.1. γ-Irradiation

5.1.3.2. Laser-induced surface modifications

5.2. Chemical modification of polymer

5.2.1. Common chemical reactions

5.2.2. PEGylation

5.2.3. Conjugation.

5.2.4. Method to make various polymeric architecture via chemical modification

Chapter 6: Polymer characterization

6.1. Measurements of molecular weight

6.1.1. Gel-permeation chromatography

6.1.2. Osmometry

6.1.3. Viscosity

6.1.4. Static light scattering

6.1.5. Principle of nuclear magnetic resonance

6.1.6. NMR equipment

6.1.7. Proton (1H) NMR

6.1.8. Carbon (13C) NMR

6.1.9. Relaxation time

6.1.10. Proton-proton correlation spectroscopy and total correlation spectroscopy

6.1.11. Heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence spectroscopy and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy

6.1.12. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy

6.1.13. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy

Chapter 7: Polymer degradation and stability

7.1. Introduction

7.1.1. Aging and degradation

7.1.2. Influencing factors

7.1.2.1. Inherent factors

7.1.2.2. External factors

7.1.3. Evaluation and characterization

7.1.3.1. Evaluation

7.1.3.2. Characterization

7.2. Thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation

7.2.1. Thermal degradation

7.2.2. Thermo-oxidative degradation

7.2.2.1. Thermo-oxidation mechanism

7.2.2.2. Factors influencing thermo-oxidative degradation

7.2.3. Stabilization of thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation

7.2.3.1. Radical scavenger

7.2.3.2. Pro-antioxidant

7.3. Photolysis and photo-oxidative degradation

7.3.1. Photolysis

7.3.2. Photo-oxidative degradation

7.3.3. Stabilization of photolysis and photo-oxidative degradation

7.4. Hydrolysis and biodegradation

7.4.1. Hydrolysis

7.4.2. Biodegradation

7.4.3. Biodegradable polymers

7.5. Degradation and stabilization of polymer nanocomposites

Chapter 8: Polymer processing and rheology

8.1. Polymer processing

8.1.1. Mixing.

8.1.1.1. Polymer additives

8.1.1.2. Mixing mechanics

8.1.1.3. Mixing devices

8.1.2. Extrusion

8.1.2.1. Extrusion process

8.1.2.2. Single-screw extruder

8.1.2.3. Twin-screw extruder

8.1.2.4. Extrusion dies

8.1.3. Molding

8.1.3.1. Injection molding

8.1.3.2. Compression molding

8.1.3.3. Blow molding

8.1.3.4. Rotational molding

8.1.4. Calendering

8.1.4.1. Process

8.1.4.2. Arrangements of rolls

8.1.5. Coating

8.1.5.1. Fluid coating process

8.1.5.2. Methods

8.2. Polymer rheology

8.2.1. Relationship between polymer rheology and polymer processing

8.2.2. Non-Newtonian flow

8.2.3. Viscosity of polymer melts and solutions

8.2.4. Fitting functions for the flow and viscosity curves

8.2.4.1. Model function for ideal viscous flow behavior

8.2.4.2. Model function for shear-thinning and shear-thickening flow behavior

8.2.4.3. Model function for flow curves with a yield point

8.3. Rheometry

8.3.1. Capillary rheometer

8.3.2. Couette (concentric cylinder) rheometer

8.3.3. Cone-and-plate rheometer

Chapter 9: Thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties

9.1. Thermal analysis of polymers

9.1.1. The melting temperature of polymers

9.1.2. Glass transition temperature of polymers

9.1.3. Thermal conductivity of polymers

9.1.4. Thermal diffusivity

9.1.5. Techniques

9.2. Differential scanning calorimeter

9.2.1. Differential thermal analysis

9.2.2. Thermomechanical analysis

9.2.3. Thermogravimetry

9.2.4. Density measurements

9.3. Mechanical properties of polymers

9.3.1. Basic concepts of stress and strain

9.3.2. Stress-strain curve

9.3.3. Dynamic mechanical analysis

9.3.4. Viscoelastic behavior of polymers

9.3.5. Effects of structure and composition on mechanical properties

9.3.5.1. Molecular weight.

9.3.5.2. Cross-linking

9.3.5.3. Molecular configuration

9.3.5.4. Composition

9.4. Electrical properties of polymers

9.4.1. Conductive polymers

Chapter 10: Hydrogels

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Synthesis of hydrogels

10.2.1. Physically cross-linked hydrogels

10.2.1.1. Hydrogen bonds

10.2.1.2. Electrostatic interactions

10.2.1.3. Hydrophobic interactions

10.2.1.4. Crystallization

10.2.2. Chemically cross-linked hydrogels

10.2.2.1. Cross-linking by chemical reactions of complementary groups

10.2.2.2. Cross-linking by free radical polymerization

10.3. Characterization of hydrogels

10.3.1. Physical properties

10.3.2. Chemical properties

10.3.3. Mechanical properties

10.3.4. Rheological properties

10.3.5. Biological properties

10.4. Self-healing hydrogels

10.4.1. Physically self-healing hydrogels

10.4.1.1. Hydrogen bonds

10.4.1.2. Hydrophobic interactions

10.4.1.3. Metal-ligand coordination

10.4.1.4. Host-guest interactions

10.4.1.5. Combination of multiple intermolecular interactions

10.4.2. Chemically self-healing hydrogels

10.4.2.1. Phenylboronic ester complexation

10.4.2.2. Schiff base

10.4.2.3. Acylhydrazone bonds

10.4.2.4. Disulfide bonds

10.4.2.5. Other dynamic chemical bonds and reactions

10.5. Tough hydrogels

10.5.1. Homogeneous hydrogels

10.5.1.1. Tetra-PEG hydrogels

10.5.1.2. Slide-ring (SR) hydrogels

10.5.1.3. Radiation cross-linked hydrogels

10.5.2. Mechanical energy dissipating hydrogels

10.5.2.1. Double network (DN) hydrogels

10.5.3. Hydrogels based on a combination of both toughening mechanisms

10.5.3.1. Nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels

10.5.3.2. Macromolecular microspheres composite (MMC) hydrogels

Chapter 11: Biopolymers and natural polymers

11.1. Introduction.

11.2. Production of biopolymers.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780128168073

0128168072

OCLC:

1159171415