Circadian rhythms, sleep, and sleep disorders / edited by Luigi Ferini-Strambi and Christian Cajochen.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Ferini-Strambi, Luigi, editor.

Cajochen, Christian, editor.

Series:

Handbook of clinical neurology ; Volume 206.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series ; Volume 206

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Circadian rhythms.

Sleep disorders.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (461 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, [2025]

Summary:

Circadian rhythms, sleep, and sleep disorders covers the topic in two sections focusing on basic science and clinical application.In the basic section, new developments and research findings focusing on basic circadian rhythm and sleep physiology in animals and humans is highlighted.

Contents:

Intro

Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders

Copyright

Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series

Foreword

Preface

Contributors

Contents

Section I: Basic science

Chapter 1: Effects of light on biological functions and human sleep

Light, Sleep, and Chronobiology11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References sect

Basic Principles

Visual and nonvisual effects of light

Retinal photoreceptors

Anatomical and functional principles underlying the effects of light on circadian rhythms

The Two-Process Model of Sleep-Wake Regulation

Effects of Light Exposure During Daytime on Sleep and Sleep Architecture

Light exposure and the circadian system

Daytime light exposure and sleep

Interindividual differences in light responsiveness

Exposure to Artificial Light in the Evening

Summary

Funding

Conflict of interest

References

Chapter 2: Rhythms of light: Understanding the role of circadian timing in alertness and cognitive performance

Introduction and Definition of Concepts

The Impact of the Sleep-Wake Cycle on Alertness, Sustained Attention, and Cognition

Effects of Time of Day When in Circadian Alignment

Effects of Circadian Misalignment

Direct Effects of Light

Summary and Future Directions

Future directions

Chapter 3: Impact of sleep deprivation on dynamic functional connectivity states

Functional Connectivity and Sleep Deprivation: fMRI Evidence

Vigilance and attention

Memory

Emotional memory and processing

Functional Connectivity and Sleep Deprivation: EEG Evidence

Connectivity in resting-state networks

Task-related EEG connectivity

Clinical Implications and Conclusions

References.

Chapter 4: Sleep and circadian rhythms modeling: From hypothalamic regulatory networks to cortical dynamics and behavior

Introduction

Part I: Model of Arousal Dynamics

Key physiology of sleep-wake cycles

Model structure

Dynamics

Sleep propensity

Cognitive outputs

Circadian markers

Melanopsin-mediated effects of light on circadian rhythms

Model applications: Disturbances due to environmental factors

Shiftwork

Shiftwork: Real-life and individual predictions

Jetlag

Model applications: Disease

Future directions for sleep-wake cycles modeling

Part II: Models of EEG Activity

Measuring and quantifying sleep activity at the whole brain level

Sleep stages

Sleep EEG waveforms

Sleep EEG power spectrum

Key anatomic structures represented in sleep EEG models

Models of corticothalamic sleep dynamics

Model applications: EEG power spectrum during sleep

Model applications: Local sleep

Future directions for EEG brain models

Connecting Across Scales

Existing models combining sleep regulatory networks and EEG

Open challenges

Conclusion

Section II: Clinical applications

Chapter 5: Advanced sleep phase syndrome: Role of genetics and aging

The Physiology of the Circadian System

Process C

Chronotypes

Process S, the sleep homeostat

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder

Demographics

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

Objective findings

Aging and neurodegeneration

Treatment

Conclusions

Chapter 6: Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder: From the pathophysiologic perspective to the treatment

Epidemiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Criteria

Diagnostic Evaluation

Differential Diagnosis

Light Therapy.

Prescribed Timing of Sleep/Wake Periods, Activity, and Exercise

Melatonin

Stimulants and Sedatives

AASM Practice Guidelines

Irregular Sleep-Wake Disorder in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alzheimer disease

Pathophysiology of ISWRD development in Alzheimer disease

Light therapy in AD

Melatonin combined with light therapy in AD

Melatonin therapy in AD

Combination interventions in AD: Sleep scheduling, hygiene, activity, and light

Hypnotics in AD

Parkinson disease

Pathophysiology of ISWRD in Parkinson disease

Treatment of ISWRD in PD

Light therapy in PD

Behavioral modifications in PD

Melatonin in PD

Sedative hypnotics in PD

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Brain tumors

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Congenitally blind individuals

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Angelman syndrome

Smith-Magenis syndrome

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL)

Psychiatric disorders

Schizophrenia

Bipolar disorder

Chapter 7: Shift work sleep disorder

Shift Work

Shift Work Sleep Disorder

Recommendations and Possible Treatment

Final Remarks

Further reading

Chapter 8: Human sleep and immunity: The role of circadian patterns

Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Immune System

Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and the Immune System

Sleep and Circadian Disturbance and Inflammation

Sleep Deprivation/Restriction Consequences

Vaccine and Immune System

Chapter 9: Circadian pattern in restless legs syndrome

Worsening at Rest and Circadian Variation of Symptoms: Two Faces of the Same Process?

Pathogenetic Mechanisms Underlying Circadian Pattern in RLS

Dopamine

Dopamine and melatonin

Iron and the interaction with dopamine

Iron and opioids

Genetics.

Further Insights in Circadian Patterns From Neurophysiology, Imaging, and Neurophysiology Studies

Pain and the sensory system

Cortical excitability

Default mode network

Cognition

Chapter 10: Circadian rhythm disorders in the blind

Non-24-h Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder

Definition

Pathogenesis

History

Clinic Manifestations

Screening Tests

Lifestyle and sleep hygiene

Melatonin and melatonin agonist

Melatonin for the N24HSWD of blind patients

Melatonin agonists for N24HSWD in blind patients

Future Fields of Research

Chapter 11: Sleep and circadian rhythms after traumatic brain injury

Traumatic Brain Injury

Definition and diagnosis

Pathophysiology of TBI

Changes in brain structure after TBI as assessed by neuroimaging

Overview of the Main Sleep and Wake Disturbances After TBI

Prevalence

Comorbidities and risk factors

Role of TBI severity and time postinjury

Impact of sleep-wake disturbances

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Pleisomnia

Fatigue

Insomnia

Sleep macro- and microarchitecture after TBI

Changes in sleep macroarchitecture

Quantitative sleep electroencephalography after TBI

Circadian rhythm disturbances after TBI

Acute and postacute stages post-TBI

Chronic stage post-TBI

Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and sleep hygiene education

Light therapy

Pharmacologic interventions

Early screening and individualized approach

Chapter 12: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, orexin, and sleep-wake cycle: The link with the neurodegeneration

Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis of OSAS.

The Sleep-Wake Circadian Rhythm in OSAS

Dysregulation of the circadian sleep-wake rhythm

Biomarkers of Sleep-Wake Cycle in OSAS

Orexin

The Connection Between OSAS and Neurodegeneration

Orexin and β-amyloid in OSAS: Neurodegeneration

Orexin and sleep-wake cycle in OSAS-Neurodegeneration

Antagonism of orexin receptors in OSAS and its link to neurodegeneration

Chapter 13: Circadian aspects in nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of insomnia

Circadian Factors Associated with Insomnia Disorder

Circadian Factors and the 3P Model of Insomnia

Circadian Factors Influencing the Clinical Presentation of Insomnia

Clinical Presentation of Insomnia: Effects of Comorbidity With Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Circadian rhythm disorders and sleep-onset insomnia

Circadian rhythm disorders and sleep maintenance insomnia

Circadian rhythm disorders and early morning insomnia

Circadian Aspects of Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Options Recommended for Managing Insomnia

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia

GABAA receptors agonists

Hypnotic benzodiazepines

Z-drugs

Agonists of melatonin receptors

Melatonin 2mg PR

Ramelteon

Dual orexin receptor antagonists

Applying Circadian Interventions Adjunctive to Insomnia Treatment

Bright Light Exposure

Bright Light Therapy for Sleep-Onset Insomnia

Bright Light Therapy for Early Morning Awakening Insomnia

Strategically Timed Dim Light and Blue-Blocking Glasses

Exogenous Melatonin

Chapter 14: Chronobiologic treatments for mood disorders

Light Therapy

Clinical introduction

Time and duration of administration

Dawn simulation therapy

Mechanisms of action of light therapy

Sleep Deprivation

Neurobiologic mechanisms

Clinical aspects.

Early relapse and augmentation interventions.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780323909198

0323909191

9780323909181

0323909183

OCLC:

1493000444