Women, Business and the Law 2023 / World Bank, issuing body.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

World Bank Publications, author, issuing body.

Contributor:

World Bank, issuing body.

Series:

Women, Business and the Law Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Women--Employment--Law and legislation.

Women.

Sex discrimination in employment--Statistics.

Sex discrimination in employment.

Women's rights--Statistics.

Women's rights.

Equal pay for equal work--Law and legislation--Statistics.

Equal pay for equal work.

Sex discrimination against women--Law and legislation.

Sex discrimination against women.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (131 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Washington, DC : The World Bank, [2023]

Summary:

A World Bank Group project which measures the laws and regulations restricting women's economic opportunities. WBL informs research and policy discussions about the state of women's economic empowerment and emphasizes the work still to be done to ensure economic empowerment for all.

Contents:

Intro

Front Cover

Contents

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Main Messages

Abbreviations

Executive Summary

Chapter 1 The State of Women's Legal Rights

Annex 1A Women, Business and the Law Indicator Scores

Annex 1B Summaries of Reforms

Chapter 2 Data Trends from Five Decades of Reform

Appendix A Data Notes

Appendix B Economy Data

Boxes

Box 1.1 About women, business and the law

Box 1.2 How women, business and the law data and findings can be used to promote policy reform

Box 1.3 Spotlight on Sub-Saharan Africa

Box 1.5 Update on measuring the law in practice

Box 1.4 Women's rights and constraints related to the water sector

Box 2.1 Recent evidence linking women, business and the law data to beneficial socioeconomic outcome

Box 2.2 Drivers, barriers, and mechanisms of reforms: Lessons from case studies

Box A.1 Assumptions used to ensure comparability

Maps

Map 1 The global average Women, Business and the Law score is 77.1

Map 1A.1 Women, Business and the Law overall scores

Map 1A.2 Women, Business and the Law mobility indicator scores

Map 1A.3 Women, Business and the Law workplace indicator scores

Map 1A.4 Women, Business and the Law pay indicator scores

Map 1A.5 Women, Business and the Law marriage indicator scores

Map 1A.6 Women, Business and the Law parenthood indicator scores

Map 1A.7 Women, Business and the Law entrepreneurship indicator scores

Map 1A.8 Women, Business and the Law assets indicator scores

Map 1A.9 Women, Business and the Law pension indicator scores

Figures

Figure ES.1 Eight women, business and the law indicators measure legal differences between men and women at different stages of their working life

Figure ES.2 The largest gaps are in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Figure ES.3 In 2021-22, 18 economies enacted reforms across all women, business and the law indicators

Figure ES.4 Progress toward gender-equal laws has been uneven across time and regions

Figure ES.5 Historically more unequal areas have reformed faster over time

Figure ES.6 Expanding the scope of the women, business and the law index

Figure 1.1 More than 90 million women of working age have gained legal equality in the last decade

Figure B1.1.1 The eight women, business and the law indicators

Figure 1.2 Score gaps of more than 50 points exist across all income groups

Figure 1.3 The largest gaps are in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa

Figure 1.4 Over the last five years, regions scoring the lowest improved the most

Figure 1.5 Despite improvements in the past five years, pay and parenthood still have the lowest scores

Figure 1.6 Sub-Saharan African and lower-middle-income economies reformed the most

Figure 1.7 In 2021-22, 18 economies enacted reforms across all women, business and the law in indicators

Figure 1.8 Expanding the scope of the women, business and the law index

Figure B2.1.1 More gender-equal laws have tangible benefits for women

Figure 2.1 More than 2,000 reforms have been implemented since 1970, making impressive progress toward moew gender-equal laws

Figure 2.2 Progress toward gender-equal laws has been uneven across time and regions

Figure 2.3 Implementing gender reform is not dependent on income level

Figure 2.4 Workplace has seen the most and mobility the least number of reforms across all eight indicators

Figure 2.5 Workplace reforms spiked in the 1990s and 2000s

Figure 2.6 Economies with less gender-equal laws in 1970 are catching up

Figure 2.7 The case study of indonesia shows that the road to gender equality is not always a straight line.

Figure 2.8 Historically more unequal areas have reformed faster over time

Figure A.1 The eight women, business and the law indicators

Figure A.2 Sample scoring on the women, business and the law index: Ecuador

Tables

Table ES.1 Eighteen economies improved their women, business and the law 2023 score

Table B1.1.1 Methodological strengths and limitations of the women, business and the law index

Table 1.1 Women, business and the law 2023 score

Table 1.2 In 2021-22, economies implemented the highest number of reforms to improve gender equality in the Pay indicator

Table 1.3 Number of economies with room to reform laws guaranteeing a woman's freedom of movement

Table 1.4 Number of economies with room to reform laws protecting women in the workplace

Table 1.5 Number of economies with room to reform laws addressing the gender pay gap

Table 1.6 Sixty-five economies prohibit women from performing certain tasks

Table 1.7 Number of economies with room to reform laws related to marriage and divorce

Table 1.8 Number of economies with room to reform laws incentivizing a woman to work after having children

Table 1.9 Number of economies with room to reform barriers to women's entrepreneurship

Table 1.10 Number of economies with room to reform laws granting women equal rights to property and inheritance

Table 1.11 Number of economies with room to reform laws ensuring a woman's economic security in old age

Table B1.5.1 Examples of process questions for the pay indicator

Table B1.5.2 Examples of policies that facilitate effective implementation of laws

Table B1.5.3 New format of the expert opinion component

Table 2.1 Economies that have historically lagged behind in the women, business and the law index have been catching up, 1970-2022.

Table 2.2 Lower-scoring economies have been catching up within all eight of the women, business and law indicators, 1970-2022

Table A.1 Women, business and the law indicators

Table A.2 Methodological strengths and limitations of the Women, Business and the Law index

Table B.1 Economy-level indicator data.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: World Bank, World Women, Business and the Law 2023

ISBN:

9781464819452

OCLC:

1371503530