Laser experiments for chemistry and physics / Robert N. Compton, Michael A. Duncan.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Compton, Robert N., author.

Duncan, Michael A., author.

Series:

Oxford scholarship online.

Oxford scholarship online

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Lasers--Experiments.

Lasers.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (465 pages)

Edition:

2nd ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2024.

Summary:

Lasers are employed throughout science and technology, in fundamental research in chemistry, physics and engineering, the remote sensing and analysis of atmospheric gases or pollutants, communications, medical diagnostics and therapies, and in various forms of manufacturing, including microelectronic devices. Understanding the principles of the operation of lasers which underlies all of these areas is essential for a modern scientific education. Building on the first edition, 'Laser Experiments for Chemistry and Physics', second edition includes experiments with new and improved methods and instrumentation. It explores the characteristics and operation of lasers through laboratory experiments designed for the undergraduate curricula in chemistry and physics. Each chapter has historical and theoretical background, as well as options suggested for variations on the prescribed experiments.

Contents:

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Contents

Foreword

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Part I Introduction to Light, Lasers, and Optics

1 Elementary Properties of Light

Introduction

Maxwell's Equations

Speed of Light

Light as a Particle

Photon Energies and Molecular Properties

Photon Sources and Detectors

Light Sources

Light Detectors

References

2 Basic Optics

Reflection, Absorption, Refraction, and Transmission

Polarization of Light and its Manipulation

Interference and Optical Cavities

Diffraction

3 General Characteristics of Lasers

Requirements for a Laser

Characteristics of Laser Emission

4 Laboratory Lasers

Helium-Neon Lasers

Argon Ion Lasers

Pulsed Nitrogen Lasers

CO2 Lasers

Rare Gas-Halide Excimer Lasers

Nd:YAG Lasers

Dye Lasers

Optical Parametric Oscillators

Diode Lasers

Free Electron Lasers

5 Nonlinear Optics

Second Harmonic Generation, SHG

Third Harmonic Generation, THG

Multiphoton Excitation and Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy

Nonlinear Optical Rotary Dispersion

6 Laser Safety

Critical Safety Issues in Laser Operation

Chemical Exposure

High Voltages

Eye and Skin Damage

Recommended Laboratory Practice

Part II Laser Experiments for Thermodynamics

7 The Speed of Light

Capacitance Measurement of the Speed of Light

Pulsed Laser Determination of the Speed of Light

Speed of Light in Iodine Vapor

Speed of Light in a Fiber-Optic Cable

8 The Speed of Sound in Gases, Liquids, and Solids

The Speed of Sound in Gases

Safety Notes

Procedure

Representative Data.

Effects of the Tube Diameter

Measuring CO2 Content in Human Breath

The Speed of Sound in Liquids

The Speed of Sound in Solids

Speed of Sound in Plasmas, BECs, and Neutron Stars

9 Thermal Lens Calorimetry

Theory

Methodology

Data Analysis

Safety

10 Laser Refractometry

Part III Laser Experiments for Chemical Analysis

11 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

A Simple LIBS Setup in Air

12 Laser Desorption Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Ionization Processes

TOF Mass Analysis

Experimental Details

Hazards and Safety Considerations

Instrument Operation

Assignment of Time-of-Flight Mass Spectra

Mass Calculation

Accuracy in Mass Calculations

Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Fullerenes

Experimental

LD-TOF-MS of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Laser Vaporization to Produce Silver Atom Clusters

References and Suggested Reading

Laser Vaporization to Produce Sulfur and Phosphorus Clusters

Sulfur

Phosphorus

Laser Vaporization to Produce Bismuth Oxide Clusters

MALDI Mass Spectrometry of Insulin

Sample Preparation

13 Multiphoton Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Metal Carbonyls

Part IV Laser Experiments for Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy

14 Optical Spectroscopy

The Importance of Spectroscopy

Rovibrational Spectroscopy

Effects of Nuclear Spin and Statistics on Molecular Spectra

Electronic Spectroscopy

15 Quantum Chemistry Calculations

Introduction.

Quantum Chemistry Background

Slater-type Orbital (STO) and Gaussian-type Orbital (GTO) Basis Sets

Mechanics of Using the Gaussian Program

16 Multiphoton Ionization and Third Harmonic Generation in Alkali Atoms

Results and Discussion

Resonantly Enhanced Third Harmonic Generation and Multiphoton Ionization in Cesium Vapor

17 Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy of Molecular Iodine

18 Electronic Spectroscopy of Iodine using REMPI

Spectral Analysis

19 Raman Spectroscopy Under Liquid Nitrogen

20 Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanomaterials

Benzene

Perylene

C60 and the Fullerenes

Carbon Nanotubes

Graphene

21 Optical Rotary Dispersion of a Chiral Liquid (α-Pinene)

22 Faraday Rotation

Measurement of the Verdet Constant

23 Fermi Resonance in CO2

24 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Methane

Experimental Procedure

25 Optogalvanic Spectroscopy

26 Diode Laser Atomic Spectroscopy

Diode Laser Absorption Experiments in Cesium and Rubidium Vapor

Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy

Doppler-Free Two-Photon Spectroscopy

27 Raman Shifting and Stimulated Electronic Raman Scattering (SERS)

Raman Shifting in Hydrogen and Methane Gases

Stimulated Electronic Raman Scattering in Alkali Vapors

References.

Part V Laser Experiments for Kinetics

28 Fluorescence Lifetime of Iodine Vapor

29 Semiconductor Quantum Dots

UV-Visible Absorption and Emission Spectra

Luminescence Lifetimes

30 Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Molecular Conformational Analysis

31 Diffraction of Light from Blood Cells

Diffraction from a Circular Aperture

Determination of the Mean Diameter of Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Diffraction of Light from Red Blood Cells in the Eye: "Floaters''

32 Laser-Induced Crystal Growth

Appendix I: Recommended Components and Equipment

1. Optics

2. Optical mounting hardware

3. Detectors

4. Electronics

5. Lasers

6. Vacuum fittings

7. Monochromators

8. Raman shifters

Appendix II: Fast Signal Measurements

Index.

Notes:

Previous edition: 2016.

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on online resource and publisher information; title from PDF title page (viewed on October 14, 2024).

ISBN:

0-19-890083-X

0-19-890085-6

0-19-890084-8

OCLC:

1460674263