Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete : Experimental Investigations and Computational Modeling.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Franke, Lutz H.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Concrete--Moisture.

Concrete.

Water vapor transport.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (354 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2024.

Summary:

This book, authored by Prof. Dr. Lutz H. Franke, provides a comprehensive examination of moisture storage and transport in concrete. It encompasses both experimental and computational modeling approaches. The work delves into the surface energetic principles governing moisture behavior in porous materials, including concrete and ceramic bricks. Key topics include moisture absorption, storage functions, and moisture transport mechanisms such as vapor transport, capillary transport, and effusion. The book also discusses the impact of these processes on sorption isotherms and transport coefficients. Special attention is given to the modeling of sorption hysteresis and material behavior changes under varying moisture conditions. The book is primarily aimed at researchers, engineers, and students in the fields of civil engineering and material science, and it includes a computational program developed in Fortran to simulate moisture transport phenomena. Generated by AI.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 Surface Energetic Principles for Moisture Storage in Porous Materials

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Surface Energy and Spreading of Liquids on Solid Surfaces

1.2.1 Explanations on Surface Energy and Surface Tension

1.2.2 Dependence of Surface Energy of Water on Temperature, on Relative Humidity of Air, and for Aqueous Salt Solutions

1.2.3 Spreading of Liquids on a Solid Surface

1.2.4 Determining the Surface Energies of Solid Surfaces

1.3 Basic Equations for Liquid Absorption in Material Pores

1.3.1 Liquid Absorption in Pores by Effect of Surface Energies

1.3.1.1 Derivation of the Capillary Rise via the Adhesion Works and the Potential Energy in Capillaries

1.3.1.2 Capillary Pressure in Cylindrical Pores and in Slit Pores

1.3.1.3 Capillary Pressure as a Cause of Fluid Transport and Rise Height in a Capillary Pore

1.3.2 Pore Filling by Capillary Condensation

1.3.2.1 Extent of Validity of the Kelvin Equation

1.3.3 Saturation Vapor Pressure at the Surface of Convex Shapes

1.3.4 Explanations of the Young-Laplace Equation for Stress on Curved Fluid Surfaces

1.3.5 Application of Kelvin Equation to Floating Droplets

1.3.6 Solubility of Gases in Water

1.3.7 Cavitation in the System Water/Vapor

1.4 Sorptive Storage on Material Surfaces and on the Inner Surface of Pore Systems

1.4.1 Preliminaries

1.4.2 Measured Surface Sorption of Water Vapor on Flat Nonporous Surfaces

1.4.3 Use of Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms to Determine the Value of the Internal Surface Area

1.4.3.1 Total Internal Surface Determined Using BET Method

1.4.3.2 Total Internal Surface Determined by the Method of Adolphs and Setzer

1.4.4 Calculation of the Pore Size‐Dependent Distribution of the Inner Surface Using the Moisture Storage Function.

1.4.4.1 Determination of the Net Sorptive Storage Function

1.4.4.2 Basic Equation for the Pore Size‐Dependent Distribution of the Inner Surface

1.4.4.3 Application of the Basic Equations with Regard to the Material REF

1.4.4.4 Calibration of the Pore Shape Parameter and Calculation of the Internal Surface Distribution of the Material REF

1.4.4.5 Distribution of the Volume of the Internal Adsorbed Water Films

1.4.5 Equations for Capillary Condensation Considering Adsorbed Liquid Films

1.4.6 Modeling of Adsorption Film Thicknesses

1.4.6.1 Modeling of Vapor Adsorption on Flat Nonporous Surfaces

1.4.6.2 Modeling of Sorption Film Thicknesses in Cylindrical Pores with Influence of Surface Curvature on the Thicknesses of Adsorbed Films

1.4.6.3 Volume of Adsorbed Water in the Not‐yet‐water‐filled Pore Area

1.4.6.4 Film Thicknesses Due to Adsorption in the Water‐filled Pore Region Behind the Meniscus, Estimation Using a Surface Energy Approach

1.4.6.5 Volume of Aadsorbed Water Molecules on the Inner Surface in the Water‐filled Pore Area

1.4.7 Molecular Simulations and Experimental Investigations on the Dimension of Adsorbed Film Thicknesses (International Research Results)

1.4.8 Influence of Adsorption Films on Meniscus Formation and on Capillary Pressure in Capillary Pores

References

Chapter 2 Real Pore Structure and Calculation Methods for Composition Parameters

2.1 Illustration of the Pore Structure of Selected Materials

2.1.1 Pore Structure of the Synthetic Material MCM‐41 and Selected Ceramic Bricks

2.1.2 Results on the Pore‐microstructure of Cement‐Bound Materials

2.1.3 Applicability of Theoretical Modeling to Cement‐Bound Material Possessing the Morphology Shown

2.2 Calculations on Porosity, Degree of Hydration, and Material Densities.

2.2.1 Calculations of Initial Composition Parameters of Concretes

2.2.2 Required Hydration‐Related System Parameters for the Method of Powers/Hansen

2.2.3 Total Porosity of the Hardened Cement Paste or Concrete After Standard Drying

2.2.4 Pore Fractions of Gel and Capillary Pores in the Total Pore Volume Vpores

2.2.5 Chemical Shrinkage of the Hydrating Cement Product

2.2.6 Calculation of the Densities wet, humid and dry

2.2.7 Definition of the System Parameters for the Powers/Hansen Method

2.2.7.1 Water Fraction Wchem0 Required for Hydration of Cement Clinker

2.2.7.2 Volume‐Reduction Coefficient kchem and Chemical Shrinkage of the Hydrating Cement Product

2.2.7.3 Definition of the Characteristic Value kgel to Calculate the Gel Pore Volume

2.2.7.4 Coefficient kphys for Estimating the Physically Bound Water and the Necessary Water-Cement Value

2.2.8 Dependence of the Attainable Degree of Hydration on the Water/Cement Ratio

2.2.9 Equations to Describe Hydration Kinetics

2.2.10 Comparison of a Predicted and Measured Composition of a Cement Paste as a Function of the Degree of Hydration

Chapter 3 Basic Equations for the Description of Moisture Transport

3.1 Moisture Flows at the Volume Element

3.1.1 Capillary Pressure as Transport Potential

3.1.2 Consideration of the Temperature Influence on the Capillary Transport Coefficients

3.1.3 Note on the Difference Between Capillary Pressure and Hydraulic External Pressure

3.1.4 Influence of Salinity and Temperature on Fluid Transport Coefficients

3.1.5 Diffusivity as Transport Coefficient for Water Saturation as Driving Potential

3.1.6 Comments on the Issue of Moisture Transport Modeling Based on Diffusivity or Permeability

3.1.7 Diffusivity and Permeability Coefficients for Mortars and Concrete.

3.1.8 Methods for Determining the Transport Parameters

3.1.8.1 Measurement of the Hydraulic Conductivity [m/s] via Hydraulic Pressure

3.1.8.2 Transport Coefficients by Measurements of the Electrical Conductivity

3.1.8.3 Prediction of Permeability [m2] According to Katz-Thompson

3.1.8.4 Determination of Diffusivity [m2/s] via NMR According to Krus and Rucker‐Gramm

3.1.8.5 Diffusivity [m2/s] and Permeability [m2] via Capillary Sorptivity

3.1.8.6 Transport Parameters from Reverse Calculations

3.1.8.7 Relative Diffusivity Modeled from Morphology resp. Structure Data

3.2 Base Modeling of Moisture Transport

3.3 Structure of the Simulation Program

Chapter 4 Experimental Investigations with Regard to the Modeling of Moisture Transport in Mortars and Concrete

4.1 Preliminary Remarks on Moisture Storage

4.2 Concrete Data for the Experimental Investigations

4.3 Data on Porosity of the Considered Materials and Influence of Treatments on Porosity

4.3.1 MIP Results for Pore Size Distribution and Pore Volume

4.3.2 Control of the Carbonation Behavior of the Test Specimens

4.3.3 Air‐Porosity Content of the Materials Used

4.3.4 Drying Methods and Influence of Drying

4.3.4.1 Drying Methods

4.3.4.2 Possible Influence of Drying on Capillary Water Uptake

4.4 Hysteretic Moisture Storage Behavior as Important Issue with Respect to Modeling

4.4.1 Adsorption and Desorption Isotherms of the CEMI Reference Material

4.4.2 Causes of Differences Between Adsorption and Desorption Isotherms

4.4.3 Questions with Respect to Modeling of Storage and Transport Processes

4.5 Water Storage Behavior Under Changing Moisture Boundary Conditions with Consideration of the Air‐Pore Content

4.5.1 Illustration of the Structure‐Related Pore Volume Fractions in Relation to the Total Storage Capacity.

4.5.2 Long‐Term Moisture Storage Behavior of Slice‐Shaped Test Specimens

4.5.3 On the Question of Dissolution of Portlandite from Slice‐Shaped Test Specimens During Water Storage

4.5.4 Behavior and Durability of Air‐Pores in Cement‐Bound Materials

4.5.5 Influence of Test Specimen Shape on Water Uptake into Air Voids

4.5.6 Capillary Water Uptake After Drying

4.5.7 Over‐hygroscopic Range in Cement Mortar and Concrete

4.5.8 Air‐Pore Influence on Sorption Isotherms

4.5.9 Water Storage Behavior of Initially Sealed Hardened Test Specimens

4.6 Adsorption and Desorption Isotherms

4.6.1 Overview of Storage Functions for Different Building Materials

4.6.2 Sorption Isotherms and Scanning Isotherms of Hardened Cement Paste and Concrete

4.6.3 Primary and Secondary Desorption Isotherms, Reversibility of Structural Changes

4.6.4 Modeling the Course of Scanning Isotherms

4.6.5 Dependence of Desorption Isotherms on Initial Storage Conditions

4.6.6 Using Given Isotherms for Other Concrete Compositions

4.6.7 Alternative Experimental Determination of the Slope of Scanning Isotherms

4.6.8 Influence of Carbonation on Moisture Storage and Transport Behavior

4.6.9 Cavitation in the Pore System During Desorption or Drying

4.6.10 Dependence of Sorption Isotherms on Temperature

4.6.11 MIP Curve as a Boundary Storage Function at Elevated Temperature

4.6.12 Influence of Salt Contents on Moisture Storage

4.7 Results on Capillary Water Absorption Depending on Initial Water Content and Time

4.7.1 Experimental Studies on the Behavior of HCP and Concrete

4.7.2 Self‐Sealing: Conclusions from NMR Analysis and Computational Results

Chapter 5 Modeling of Moisture Transport Taking into Account Sorption Hysteresis and Time‐Dependent Material Changes

5.1 Preliminaries.

5.2 Modeling of Capillary Transport.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

9783527846870

3527846875

9783527846856

3527846859

OCLC:

1432602308