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Spinoza and Contemporary Biology : Lectures on the Philosophy of Biology and Cognitivism / edited by Henri Atlan, Robert Boncardo, and Inja Stracenski.

De Gruyter Edinburgh University Press Complete eBook-Package 2024 Available online

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Format:
Book
Author/Creator:
Atlan, Henri, Author.
Contributor:
Atlan, Henri, editor.
Boncardo, Robert, editor.
Stracenski, Inja, editor.
Series:
Spinoza studies.
Spinoza Studies
Language:
English
Subjects (All):
Biology--Philosophy.
Biology.
Cognition--Philosophy.
Cognition.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (570 pages)
Edition:
First edition.
Place of Publication:
Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press Ltd, [2018]
Summary:
A neo-Spinozian conception of life and the mind.
Contents:
Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Translator's Note
Acknowledgement
Abbreviations
Introduction: Why Spinoza?
Part I: The Intelligible and the Sensible: The Actualities of Spinoza's Doctrine
Chapter I The Order of Philosophising: Nature
Where to begin?
The essence of a thing
God or Nature
'Were the eyes made for seeing?' The ingrained prejudice of final causes
Self-organising Nature
The two cultures
The order of philosophising
Cause of itself
Nature naturing and Nature natured
Intelligo, I comprehend, I understand…
The nature of things and its intelligibility
Chapter II From a Biophysics of the Individual to the Nature of the Human Mind
Some premises on the nature of bodies
The first misunderstanding: 'Spinoza's physical theory'
The theory of the individual: a small biophysics
The ratio of motion and rest
Homeostasis and theory of the organism
The essence of an individual
The mnesic trace
Other misunderstandings: Hans Jonas's vitalist interpretation
Omnia animata: the animist misunderstanding
Mens, animus, anima
Animus versus mens in the theory of affects
Understanding and the power of the mind: the mens or the mental
Passion of the soul (pathema, or passio, animi)
The Cartesian anima
The illusions of free will
Anima and the affects of animals: between stones and humans
Back to 'all are animate'
The stone's mind
Degrees of composition and complexity
Chapter III Matter and Thought: Identity and Differences
Two reductionisms
The heart of the doctrine
Foundational propositions
Asymmetries within 'the one and the same thing'
'Without relation to…': an interpretative key
Temptations of parallelism.
Of one attribute over the other: no anteriority or superiority
neither materialism nor idealism
Critiques of parallelism: equality of powers, synthetic identity
Equality of powers: the affects, privileged locus of observation
Synthetic identity
New misunderstandings
Axioms and the principle of causality
Inversion of proposition II, 7 in the fifth part of the Ethics
Reasons and causes
The laws of nature and mathematical physics
On the abstraction of mathematical laws
Between cause and effect: neither all nor nothing in common (Wittgenstein and Spinoza)
Generation
Magical thought and temporality
Matter and the physical sciences: physics and biology - a crossover
The 'dematerialisation' of physics
Reductionism and the materialisation of biology
Levels of organisation and academic disciplines
Abstractions in the small physics?
Abstractions in physics and the corpora simplissima
Physical abstractions in the imagination and real objects in the intellect
The Bodies: objects of ideas in the intellect
Chapter IV The Unfinished
'For up till now I have not been able to set out anything concerning [these matters] in an orderly way'
The infinite modes and the absence of a theory of physics
The infinite immediate and mediate modes
The 'face of the whole universe': matter and thought
The matter-thought of microphysics
The infinite intellect and the ideas of nonexisting things
Two ways of existing
To comprehend and to contain
The example: the power of a point relative to a circle
The eternal essences
Essences and existences in the nature of things
Symmetry restored in eternity
Part II Psychophysical Causalities
Chapter V Ideas and Things
The context.
'The Mind cannot determine the Body to motion, to rest or to anything else (if there is anything else)': what the body can do (Ethics III, 2 second movement and scholium)
Conscious decisions are not the cause of voluntary action
Intentional actions performed after a delay
Intention
Incursion into some contemporary views: John Searle, Elizabeth Anscombe
A model of intentional self-organisation
A temporal inversion?
Towards a temporal unity of the self
Neural networks
Limits
Elements of Spinozist psychophysiology
Some textual convergences
Chapter VI The Body Cannot Determine the Mind to Think (Ethics III, 2, First Movement)
The new methodological reductionism
Multiform consciousness: preliminary questions - the words we need
Consciousness as object of experimentation
William James and the invention of psychophysics
The theory of emotions in William James
William James, philosopher: an evolution
Neutral monism: does consciousness exist?
Consciousness and knowledge in Spinoza
Dreaming with open eyes: the dream and modified states of consciousness
The neurosciences and the dream
Error and imagination
Progression and gradualism: humans, animals and others
The psychophysics of James and Spinoza: the missed encounter
Chapter VII Detour via the Cognitive Neurosciences
The conscious unconscious: the cerebral unconscious, access to consciousness, and what comes after
Access to consciousness
Medical applications
Focusing attention
Self-consciousness
Self-consciousness (self-awareness) and consciousness of the self
The biological self
Self-consciousness, feelings and emotions in the mind-body
Other medical applications
Feelings and emotions: a temporal inversion (James revisited)
Affects of attachment and social organisation: humans and animals.
Monogamous and polygamous voles
The theory of affects and the reward system
Affects of attachment: from invertebrates to Homo sapiens
Chapter VIII Causes, Correlations, Information, Neural Codes
What are we talking about?
Mirror neurons and the 'grandmother-neuron': intracerebral causality
Information and meaning
Problems of coding
The genetic code
Neural codes
Coding mental states by cerebral states?
'Consider human actions and appetites just as if it were a question of lines, planes, and bodies': a future mathematical language?
Chapter IX Unconscious Consciousness: From the Inadequate to the Adequate
The pathological, amplification of the normal
The challenge and the wager
Error and adequate knowledge
Development and evolution of human cognition: continuity within change
Continuity within difference as pedagogy
Continuity within difference: the spiritual automaton, or the possible passage from inadequate to adequate knowledge
The way
The two corollaries of Ethics II, 16
In summary
Return to the wager: taking up the challenge
The language of technology
Human and animal affects: the role of different languages
Chapter X Research Methods and Metaphysical Temptations
The naturalisation of the mind
Analogies and metaphors: 'intentionality' in nature
Barrier of intentionality in adaptive evolution?
Underlying ontologies
Eliminative materialism
When natural human languages are eliminated
Chapter XI The 'Whole of Nature' Under Each Attribute
The other attributes: an interpretation
Back to substances and attributes: the first ten propositions
The tautology
The intelligibility of the real, despite the unknown attributes
Hypotheses, theories, models: under-determinations, synthetic identity.
Materialism and the naturalisation of the mind: a 'folk' materialism?
Spinoza, James, Wittgenstein, Putnam: a welcome atypical path
A double misunderstanding
Chapter XII Emergence And Supervenience: Anomalous Monism and Synthetic Identity
Emergence and supervenience in biology
Emergences: mechanical and metaphysical
The 'emergent mentalism' of Roger W. Sperry
Emergence and reduction (Jaegwon Kim)
Mental causation
Elisabeth of Bohemia to Descartes
Physical 'realisation'
'Conceptual' causation
Supervenience of mental states: the rectangle of psychophysical causalities
Supervenience of software: functionalism
Artificial intelligence
what it means to 'understand'
the Turing test
New medical observations: idealist temptations
Return to the second movement of Ethics III, 2 (no determination of the body by the mind)
Psychosomatics: the extraordinary story of the stomach ulcer
Placebos, unknowingly and knowingly consenting to treatment
Neurofeedback and other techniques
Anomalous monism
The Davidson case
Anomalous monism and Kantian moral theory
Diagonal causalities
Causa and ratio
Rectangle without diagonals
External operational causality in medicine
Psychophysiological therapies
The two sides of the same coin
The internal and the external
Conclusion
Appendix The Conatus
Polysemy
The teleological misunderstanding
Power, force of existing, impulse and essence
The conatus of a stone
Primitive affects: negative and positive feedback
Moral judgement
From alienated desire to the desire of those determined by their affects to think and act under the guidance of reason, and then towards the highest virtue or power
The effort of understanding
From alienated desire towards its liberation
The highest virtue.
The presence of the cause of itself in each thing.
Notes:
Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
Description based on print version record.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN:
9781474489027
1474489028
9781474489034
1474489036

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