Shaping the Future of Higher Education / Lesley Wood.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Wood, Lesley, author.

Language:

Finnish

Subjects (All):

Higher education and state.

Higher education and state--History.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Place of Publication:

Helsinki : Helsinki University Press, 2024.

Summary:

Throughout history, Iran, by means of its strict geographical contacts with Mesopotamia where the origin of civilizations has been a lively economic centre. War, as an effective element on different synchronous cultures to know each other led societies to imitate one another's material items or understand the purpose of their outputs. As a result of inter cultural marketing traffic, trade has been a must between countries. Since late antiquity, primitive barter method which was widely used by both seller and buyer for centuries, as a consequence of changing intentions of commerce gave way to cash as an alternative. This new changing intermediary method, with the advantages of its value like being valid no matter where and not having an expiration date was gradually became prevalent and indispensable in trade. The need to supply currency for trade and government expenditures caused the foundation of more silver or gold mines for cash. This need and supply, especially in the centres where closed to international trade centres and ports end up with the foundation of mints as a ready hot money flow source. Professionalization of these mints through all over the country, laid the groundwork for some experts in the mints as employee. In this article, by considering the function of mints in Iran in historical period, the position of the owner or renter of mint, who named as "zarrabibashi" will be analyed with the definition of his job, authorization and criminal sanctions in case of power exceeding with the examples, under the light of primary sources and research studies.

Notes:

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