Liquid crystal displays : addressing schemes and electro-optical effects / Ernst Lueder, Peter Knoll and Seung Hee Lee.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lueder, Ernst, 1932- author.

Knoll, Peter M., 1943- author.

Contributor:

Lee, Seung Hee (Physicist), editor.

Series:

Wiley SID series in display technology.

Wiley SID series in display technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Liquid crystal displays.

Liquid crystals--Electric properties.

Liquid crystals.

Liquid crystals--Optical properties.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (636 pages)

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey ; Chichester, West Sussex, England : Wiley, [2022]

Summary:

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS THE NEW EDITION OF THE GOLD-STANDARD IN TEACHING AND REFERENCING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF LCD TECHNOLOGIES This book presents an up-to-date view of modern LCD technology. Offering balanced coverage of all major aspects of the field, this comprehensive volume provides the theoretical and practical information required for the development and manufacture of high-performance, energy-efficient LCDs. The third edition incorporates new technologies and applications throughout. Several brand-new chapters discuss topics such as the application of Oxide TFTs and high mobility circuits, high-mobility TFT-semiconductors in LCD addressing, liquid crystal displays in automotive instrument clusters and touch-screen systems, and the use of ultra-high-resolution LCD panels in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) displays. This practical reference and guide: * Provides a complete account of commercially relevant LCD technologies, including their physics, mathematical descriptions, and electronic addressing * Features extensively revised and expanded information, including more than 150 pages of new material * Includes the addition of Oxide Transistors and their increased mobilities, the advances of fringe field switching and an overview of automotive displays * Presents quantitative results with full equation sets, their derivation, and tabular summaries of related information sets

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Foreword

Preface to the Third Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

About the Authors

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Liquid Crystal Materials and Liquid Crystal Cells

2.1 Properties of Liquid Crystals

2.1.1 Shape and phases of liquid crystals

2.1.2 Material properties of anisotropic liquid crystals

2.2 The Operation of a Twisted Nematic LCD

2.2.1 The electro-optical effects in transmissive twisted nematic LC cells

2.2.2 The addressing of LCDs by TFTs

References

Chapter 3 Electro-optic Effects in Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystals

3.1 The Planar and Harmonic Wave of Light

3.2 Propagation of Polarized Light in Birefringent Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells

3.2.1 The propagation of light in a Fréedericksz cell

3.2.2 The transmissive Fréedericksz cell

3.2.3 The reflective Fréedericksz cell

3.2.4 The Fréedericksz cell as a phase-only modulator

3.2.5 The DAP cell or the vertically aligned cell

3.2.6 The HAN cell

3.2.7 The π cell

3.2.8 Switching dynamics of untwisted nematic LCDs

3.2.9 Fast blue phase liquid crystals

Chapter 4 Electro-optic Effects in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals

4.1 The Propagation of Polarized Light in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells

4.2 The Various Types of TN Cells

4.2.1 The regular TN cell

4.2.2 The supertwisted nematic LC cell (STN-LCD)

4.2.3 The mixed mode twisted nematic cell (MTN cell)

4.2.4 Reflective TN cells

4.3 Electronically Controlled Birefringence for the Generation of Colour

Chapter 5 Descriptions of Polarization

5.1 The Characterizations of Polarization

5.2 A Differential Equation for the Propagation of Polarized Light through Anisotropic Media

5.3 Special Cases for Propagation of Light.

5.3.1 Incidence of linearly polarized light

5.3.2 Incident light is circularly polarized

Chapter 6 Propagation of Light with an Arbitrary Incident Angle through Anisotropic Media

6.1 Basic Equations for the Propagation of Light

6.2 Enhancement of the Performance of LC Cells

6.2.1 The degradation of picture quality

6.2.2 Optical compensation foils for the enhancement of picture quality

6.2.2.1 The enhancement of contrast

6.2.2.2 Compensation foils for LC molecules with different optical axes

6.2.3 Suppression of grey shade inversion and the preservation of grey shade stability

6.2.4 Fabrication of compensation foils

6.3 Electro-optic Effects with Wide Viewing Angle

6.3.1 Multidomain pixels

6.3.2 In-plane switching

6.3.3 Optically compensated bend cells

6.4 Multidomain VA Cells, Especially for TV

6.4.1 The torque generated by an electric field

6.4.2 The requirements for a VA display, especially for TV

6.4.2.1 The speeds of operation

6.4.2.2 Colour shift, change in contrast and image sticking

6.4.3 VA cells for TV applications

6.4.3.1 Multidomain VA cells with protrusions (MVAs)

6.4.3.2 Patterned VA cells (PVAs)

6.4.3.3 PVA cells with two subpixels (CS-S-PVAs)

6.4.3.4 Cell technologies avoiding a delayed optical response

6.4.3.5 The continuous pinwheel alignment (CPA)

6.5 Polarizers with Increased Luminous Output

6.5.1 A reflective linear polarizer

6.5.2 A reflective polarizer working with circularly polarized light

6.6 Two Non-birefringent Foils

Chapter 7 Modified Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

7.1 Polymer Dispersed LCDs (PDLCDs)

7.1.1 The operation of a PDLCD

7.1.2 Applications of PDLCDs

7.2 Guest-Host Displays

7.2.1 The operation of Guest-Host Displays

7.2.2 Reflective Guest-Host Displays

References.

Chapter 8 Bistable Liquid Crystal Displays

8.1 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays (FLCDs)

8.2 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

8.3 Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

8.3.1 Bistable twist cells

8.3.2 Grating aligned nematic devices

8.3.3 Monostable surface anchoring switching

Chapter 9 Continuously Light Modulating Ferroelectric Displays

9.1 Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Devices

9.2 Antiferroelectric LCDs

Chapter 10 Addressing Schemes for Liquid Crystal Displays

Chapter 11 Direct Addressing

Chapter 12 Passive Matrix Addressing of TN Displays

12.1 The Basic Addressing Scheme and the Law of Alt and Pleshko

12.2 Implementation of PM Addressing

12.3 Multiple Line Addressing

12.3.1 The basic equations

12.3.2 Waveforms for the row selection

12.3.3 Column voltage for MLA

12.3.4 Implementation of multi-line addressing

12.3.5 Modified PM addressing of STN cells

12.3.5.1 Decreased levels of addressing voltages

12.3.5.2 Contrast and grey shades for MLA

12.4 Two Frequency Driving of PMLCDs

Chapter 13 Passive Matrix Addressing of Bistable Displays

13.1 Addressing of Ferroelectric LCDs

13.1.1 The The V-τmin addressing scheme

13.1.2 The V-1/τ addressing scheme

13.1.3 Reducing crosstalk in FLCDs

13.1.4 Ionic effects during addressing

13.2 Addressing of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

Chapter 14 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with a-Si Thin Film Transistors (a-Si-TFTs)

14.1 Properties of a-Si Thin Film Transistors

14.2 Static Operation of TFTs in an LCD

14.3 The Dynamics of Switching by TFTs

14.4 Bias-Temperature Stress Test of TFTs

14.5 Drivers for AMLCDs

14.6 The Entire Addressing System

14.7 Layouts of Pixels with TFT Switches.

14.8 Fabrication Processes of a-Si TFTs

14.9 Addressing of VA Displays

14.9.1 Overshoot and undershoot driving of LCDs

14.9.2 The dynamic capacitance compensation (DCC)

14.9.3 Fringe field accelerated decay of luminance

14.9.4 The addressing of two subpixels

14.9.5 Biased vertical alignment (BVA)

14.10 Motion Blur

14.10.1 Causes, characterization and remedies of blur

14.10.2 Systems with decreased blur

14.10.2.1 Edge enhancement for reduced blur

14.10.2.2 Black insertion techniques

14.10.2.3 Scanning backlights

14.10.2.4 Higher frame rates for reducing blur

14.10.3 Modelling of blur

14.11 The Optical Response of a VA Cell

14.12 Reduction of the Optical Response Time by a Special Addressing Waveform

Chapter 15 Addressing of LCDs with Poly-Si TFTs

15.1 Fabrication Steps for Top-Gate and Bottom-Gate Poly-Si TFTs

15.2 Laser Crystallization by Scanning or Large Area Anneal

15.3 Lightly Doped Drains for Poly-Si TFTs

15.4 The Kink Effect and its Suppression

15.5 Circuits with Poly-Si TFTs

Chapter 16 Liquid Crystal on Silicon Displays

16.1 Fabrication of LCOS with DRAM-Type Analog Addressing

16.2 SRAM-Type Digital Addressing of LCOS

16.3 Microdisplays Using LCOS Technology

Chapter 17 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with Metal-Insulator-Metal Pixel Switches

Chapter 18 Addressing of LCDs with Two-Terminal Devices and Optical, Plasma, Laser and e-beam Techniques

Chapter 19 Components of LCD Cells

19.1 Additive Colours Generated by Absorptive Photosensitive Pigmented Colour Filters

19.2 Additive and Subtractive Colours Generated by Reflective Dichroic Colour Filters

19.3 Colour Generation by Three Stacked Displays

19.4 LED Backlights

19.4.1 The advantages of LEDs as backlights.

19.4.2 LED technology

19.4.3 Optics for LED backlights

19.4.4 Special applications for LED backlights

19.4.4.1 Saving power and realizing scanning with LED backlights

19.4.4.2 Field sequential displays with LED backlights

19.4.4.3 Active matrix addressed LED backlights

19.4.5 The electronic addressing of LEDs

19.5 Cell Assembly

Chapter 20 Projectors with Liquid Crystal Light Valves

20.1 Single Transmissive Light Valve Systems

20.1.1 The basic single light valve system

20.1.2 The field sequential colour projector

20.1.3 A single panel scrolling projector

20.1.4 Single light valve projector with angular colour separation

20.1.5 Single light valve projectors with a colour grating

20.2 Systems with Three Light Valves

20.2.1 Projectors with three transmissive light valves

20.2.2 Projectors with three reflective light valves

20.2.3 Projectors with three LCOS light valves

20.3 Projectors with Two LC Light Valves

20.4 A Rear Projector with One or Three Light Valves

20.5 A Projector with Three Optically Addressed Light Valves

Chapter 21 Liquid Crystal Displays with Plastic Substrates

21.1 Advantages of Plastic Substrates

21.2 Plastic Substrates and their Properties

21.3 Barrier Layers for Plastic Substrates

21.4 Thermo-Mechanical Problems with Plastics

21.5 Fabrication of TFTs and MIMs at Low Process Temperatures

21.5.1 Fabrication of a-Si:H TFTs at low temperature

21.5.2 Fabrication of low temperature poly-Si TFTs

21.5.3 Fabrication of MIMs at low temperature

21.5.4 Conductors and transparent electrodes for plastic substrates

21.6 Transfer of High Temperature Fabricated AMLCDs to a Flexible Substrate

Chapter 22 Printing of Layers for LC Cells

22.1 Printing Technologies

22.1.1 Flexographic printing.

22.1.2 Knife coating.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Print version: Lueder, Ernst Liquid Crystal Displays

ISBN:

9781119667940

1119667941

9781119667933

1119667933