Multi-scale biogeochemical processes in soil ecosystems : critical reactions and resilience to climate changes / edited by Marco Keiluweit [and three others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Keiluweit, Marco, editor.

Series:

Wiley Series Sponsored by IUPAC in Biophysico-Chemical Processes in Environmental Systems

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Soils--Environmental aspects.

Soils.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (352 pages)

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, [2022]

Summary:

"With a systematic and interdisciplinary approach, this book brings together world-renowned international scientists on the recent progresses in understanding and evaluating soil biogeochemical processes spanning from atomic to global scales. This book is useful for sustainable agricultural development and management of soil ecosystems under climate changes. The book is composed of 14 chapters including three parts and one overview introduction chapter. Part I with four chapters is focused on the molecular-scale processes and reactions. Part II with four chapters covers ecosystem-level observations. Part III with five chapters emphasizes large-scale modeling and the strategy for improvement of ecosystem resilience to climate change"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Series Preface

Preface

List of Contributors

Chapter 1 Introduction: Working Across Scales to Project Soil Biogeochemical Responses to Climate

1.1. Context

1.2. Soil Responses to Environmental Conditions at Diverse Scales: Organic Matter Transformations and Feedbacks to Climate

1.2.1. Organic Matter at the Microscale

1.2.2. Organic Matter at the Mesocosm Scale

1.2.3. Organic Matter at the Plot and Decadal Scale

1.2.4. Organic Matter at Ecosystem to Landscape Scales Across Years to Decades

1.3. Recent Empirical Investigations of Soil Responses to Environmental Conditions at Diverse Scales: Mineral Weathering

1.3.1. Mineral Weathering at the Column or Mesocosm Scale

1.3.2. Mineral Weathering at the Ecosystem to Landscape Scale Across Diverse Temporal Scales

1.4. Cross-Scale Discrepancies: Two Examples of Nonlinearities That Challenge Predictive Abilities

1.5. Models as a Means of Integrating Across Disciplines and Scales

1.6. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

SECTION 1 Molecular-scale Processes and Critical Reactions

Chapter 2 The Science and Semantics of "Soil Organic Matter Stabilization"

2.1. The Cycling of Organic Matter in Soil

2.2. What Is "Stability?"

2.2.1. The Paradigm of Chemical Stability (I): Humification and Humic Substances

2.2.2. The Paradigm of Chemical Stability (II): Litter Quality

2.2.3. The Paradigm of Chemical Stability (III): Molecular Complexity and Activation Energies

2.2.4. The Paradigm of Chemical Stability (IV): Plastics and Black Carbon

2.3. The Paradigm of Sorptive Protection/Interactions

2.4. The Paradigm of Accessibility: Aggregation

2.5. The Paradigm of Accessibility: How Location Matters

2.6. Microbial Metabolic Performance as a Factor in Soil Carbon Cycling.

2.7. Habitat Properties as Logistical Constraints

2.8. Habitat Properties and Reactant Supply

2.8.1. Habitat Properties Determine the Thermodynamics of Decomposition

2.8.2. Decomposition and Decomposer Needs: Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency

2.8.3. Decomposition and Decomposer Needs: Resource Stoichiometry

2.8.4. Plants as an Interested Party in Soil Organic Matter Decomposition

2.9. Conclusions

Chapter 3 Interconnecting Soil Organic Matter with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling

3.1. Soil Organic Matter: The Key Player for Controlling Nutrient Cycling

3.2. Nitrogen

3.2.1. Introduction

3.2.2. Biological N Fixation

3.2.3. Organic N Stabilization and Depolymerization

3.2.4. Microbial Utilization of N in Soils

3.2.5. Microbial N Oxidation and Reduction

3.2.6. Plant N Uptake as a Function of Resource Availability

3.3. Phosphorus

3.3.1. Introduction

3.3.2. Abiotic Processes

3.3.3. Organic P Dynamics and P Recycling

3.3.4. Microbial P in Soil

3.3.5. Plant and Microbial Strategies for P Uptake

3.3.6. Plant P Uptake as Related to Internal Plant Nutritional Status and Soil P Availability

3.4. Conclusions

Chapter 4 Plant-Derived Macromolecules in the Soil

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Plant Macromolecules as Inputs into the Soil

4.2.1. Cellulose and Hemicellulose

4.2.2. Lignin

4.2.3. Proteins

4.2.4. Tannins and Other Polyphenols

4.2.5. Cutin, Suberin, and Free Extractable Lipids

4.2.6. Other Molecules

4.3. Fraction-Specific Molecular Analyses

4.3.1. Biomarkers

4.3.2. Compound-specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA)

4.3.3. Other Complementary Methods

4.4. Fate of Plant-Derived Compounds in the Soil

4.4.1. Microbial Degradation

4.4.2. Abiotic Degradation

4.4.3. Movement in the Soil Through Leaching Processes.

4.4.4. Preservation Mechanisms

4.4.5. Turnover of Plant-Derived Molecules

4.5. Root- Versus Shoot-Derived Carbon in the Soil

4.6. Conclusions

Chapter 5 Microbe-Biomolecule-Mineral Interfacial Reactions

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Microbial Colonization of Rock

5.2.1. Initial Colonizers of Fresh Mineral Substrate

5.3. Mechanisms of Cell Adhesion to Mineral Surfaces

5.3.1. Bacterial Surface Geochemistry

5.3.2. Bacterial Adhesion at Mineral Surfaces

5.4. Mineral Surface Reactions of Extracellular Biomolecules

5.4.1. Composition of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)

5.4.2. Adsorption and Fractionation of EPS at Mineral Surfaces

5.5. Heteroaggregate Formation

5.6. Conclusions and Future Outlook

SECTION 2 Ecosystem-scale Studies of Ecological Hotspots

Chapter 6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Wetland Rice Systems: Biogeochemical Processes and Management

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Carbon Biogeochemistry

6.2.1. Anaerobic C Pathways

6.2.3. Dissolved Organic C

6.2.4. CH4 Production, Consumption, and Emission

6.2.5. Mitigation Strategies

6.3. N Cycles

6.3.1. Biogeochemical Pathways

6.3.2. N2O Production, Consumption, and Emission

6.4. Future Directions

Chapter 7 The Changing Biogeochemical Cycles of Tundra

7.1. Introduction

7.2. The Changing Tundra Carbon Cycle

7.2.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation

7.2.2. Carbon Balance

7.2.3. Carbon Inputs

7.2.4. Carbon Outputs: CO2

7.2.5. Carbon Outputs: Methane

7.3. Changing Tundra Nutrient Cycles

7.3.1. Nutrient Limitation

7.3.2. Nutrient Stocks

7.3.3. The Changing Nitrogen Cycle

7.3.4. The Changing Phosphorus Cycle

7.3.5. Nutrient Leaching

7.3.6. Effects of Fire on Nutrient Cycles

7.4. Future Projections

7.5. Future Research Directions

References.

Chapter 8 Linking Sources, Transformation, and Loss of Phosphorus in the Soil-Water Continuum in a Coastal Environment

8.1. Phosphorus: An Essential Nutrient Turned into a Contaminant

8.2. Transformation of Phosphorus in Soils

8.2.1. Transformation of P Pools in Soils Impacted by Agricultural P Loading

8.2.2. Formation of Residual and Recalcitrant P Pools in Soils

8.3. Surface and Subsurface Flow of Phosphorus from Agricultural Soils to Open Water

8.4. Transport of Phosphorus in the Main Channel and Export to Open Waters

8.5. Source Tracking of P Released from Soils and Upland Watershed

8.6. Implication and Future Research Directions

Chapter 9 Deep Soil Carbon

9.1. Introduction

9.2. How Much Carbon Is Stored in the Subsoil?

9.3. How Does Carbon Accumulate at Depth?

9.4. Factors Contributing to Deep Soil Carbon Persistence

9.4.1. Climate

9.4.2. Parent Material and Time

9.4.3. Relief and Soil Redistribution

9.4.4. Biota

9.5. Vulnerability of Deep Soil Carbon

9.5.1. Land Management

9.5.2. Climate Change

9.5.3. Disturbance of Buried Soils

9.6. Improving Predictions of Deep Soil Carbon

9.7. Conclusions

SECTION 3 Modeling Biogeochemical Cycles and Improvement of Ecosystem Resilience

Chapter 10 Soil Carbon Dynamics and Responses to Environmental Changes

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Soil C Inventory

10.2.1. Top and Deep Soil C Inventory

10.2.2. Global Soil C Stock

10.2.3. Permafrost - A Huge Soil C Pool

10.2.4. Soil C Inventory Methods

10.3. Soil C Dynamics

10.3.1. Soil C Input Processes

10.3.2. Soil C Output Processes

10.3.3. Depth-dependent Soil C Balance

10.4. Climate Warming and Soil Carbon

10.4.1. Temperature Sensitivity of Different Soil Organic C Pools.

10.4.2. Thermal Acclimation of Soil Organic C Decomposition

10.4.3. Soil Organic C Fraction, Composition, and Stability

10.5. Precipitation Change and Soil Carbon

10.5.1. Precipitation Amounts

10.5.2. Seasonal Rainfall Redistribution

10.5.3. Extremes and Precipitation Variability

10.5.4. Multifactor and Long-term Experiments

10.6. Nitrogen Deposition and Soil Carbon

10.6.1. Effects of N Deposition on Quantity and Quality of Plant C Input to Soil

10.6.2. Effects Caused by Community Composition Changes

10.6.3. Effects of N Deposition on Soil Microbial Activity

10.6.4. Effects of N Deposition on Soil Physicochemical Properties

10.7. Uncertainties in Modeling Soil C Dynamics

10.7.1. Model Structures

10.7.2. Poor Representation of Microbial Control on Soil C Cycles

10.7.3. Poor Representation of Vertical Soil C Cycles in ESMs

10.7.4. Underestimated Soil C Turnover Time in ESMs

10.8. Outlook: Neglected Facts and Future Research Directions

10.8.1. Neglected Facts About Permafrost Processes

10.8.2. Neglected Facts About Human Interferences

10.8.3. Neglected Facts About Phosphorus Processes

10.9. Conclusions

Chapter 11 Next-generation Soil Biogeochemistry Model Representations: A Proposed Community Open-source Model Farm (BeTR-S)

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Proposed SOM Model Structure

11.2.1. Litter Input and Polymeric OM Hydrolysis (P1)

11.2.2. Microbial Physiology, Microbial Population Dynamics, and Macronutrient Controls (P2)

11.2.3. Trophic Interactions and Competition (P3)

11.2.4. Mineral-Organic Interactions (P4)

11.2.5. Soil Chemistry: Cation Exchange Capacity, pH, Redox, and Salinity (P5)

11.2.6. Rhizosphere-Bulk Soil Interactions (P6)

11.2.7. Soil Structure, Aggregation, Transport (P7).

11.3. Mathematical Integration and Solution in the BeTR-S Model Farm.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Print version: Yang, Yu Multi-Scale Biogeochemical Processes in Soil Ecosystems

ISBN:

9781119480419

1119480418

9781119480433

1119480434

9781119480471

1119480477