A working guide to process equipment / by Norman P. Lieberman, Elizabeth T. Lieberman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lieberman, Norman P., author.

Lieberman, Elizabeth T., author.

Series:

McGraw-Hill's AccessEngineering

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chemical engineering--Equipment and supplies.

Chemical engineering.

Production engineering--Equipment and supplies.

Production engineering.

Chemical plants--Equipment and supplies.

Chemical plants.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxix, 591 pages) : illustrations, figs., tables.

Edition:

4th ed.

Place of Publication:

Chicago, Ill. : McGraw-Hill Education LLC., c2014.

Summary:

Applicable to a broad range of technicians and industries and fully updated throughout, A Working Guide to Process Equipment, Fourth Edition, explains how to diagnose, troubleshoot, and correct problems with chemical and petroleum refining process equipment. Nine new chapters cover: ? Tray design details ? Shell-and-tube heat exchanger design details ? Relief valve system design ? Vapor lock and exchanger flooding in steam systems ? Steam generation operating and design details ? Wastewater strippers ? Thermodynamics-how it applies to process equipment ? Centrifugal pumps-reducing seal and bearing failures ? Hand calculations for distillation towers ? Vapor-liquid equilibrium, absorption, and stripping calculations Filled with examples and illustrations, this practical resource demonstrates how theory applies to solving real-world plant operation problems. Selected hand calculation methods are also provided.

Contents:

A. Dedication

B. About the authors

C. Foreword

other books by norman pages Lieberman

D. Preface to the fourth edition

E. Preface to the third edition

F. Preface to the second edition

G. Preface to the first edition

H. Introduction

I. Acknowledgments

1. Process equipment fundamentals

frictional losses

density difference induces flow

natural thermosyphon circulation

reducing hydrocarbon partial pressure

corrosion at home

what i know

distillation: the first application

origin of reflux

glossary

2. Basic terms and conditions

3. How trays work: flooding

history of distillation

tray types

tray efficiency

downcomer backup

downcomer clearance

vapor-flow pressure drop

jet flood

incipient flood

tower pressure drop and flooding

optimizing feed tray location

catacarb co2 absorber flooding

4. How trays work: dumping

tray pressure drop

other causes of tray inefficiency

bubble-cap trays

new high capacity trays

calculating tray efficiency

5. Notes on tray design details

process design equipment details

6. Why control tower pressure

selecting an optimum tower pressure

raising the tower pressure target

lowering the tower pressure

the phase rule in distillation

7. What drives distillation towers

the reboiler

heat-balance calculations

8. How reboilers work

thermosyphon reboilers

forced-circulation reboilers

kettle reboilers

don't forget fouling

vapor binding in steam reboilers

9. Inspecting tower internals

tray deck levelness

loss of downcomer seal due to leaks

effect of missing caps

repairing loose tray panels

improper downcomer clearance

inlet weirs

seal pans

drain holes

vortex breakers

chimney tray leakage

shear clips

final inspection

conclusion

reference

10. How instruments work

level

foam affects levels

pressure

flow

temperature

11. Packed towers: better than trays?

how packed towers work

maintaining functional and structural efficiency in packed towers

advantages of packing vs. Trays

12. Steam and condensate systems

steam reboilers

condensing heat-transfer rates

maintaining system efficiency

carbonic acid corrosion

condensate collection systems

deaerators

surface condensers

13. Vapor lock and exchanger flooding in steam systems

function of the steam trap

non-condensable venting

corrosive steam

condensate drum

condensate drainage and vapor lock

elevated condensate collection drum

14. Bubble point and dew point

bubble point

dew point

15. Steam strippers

heat of evaporation

stripper efficiency

references

16. Draw-off nozzle hydraulics

nozzle exit loss

critical flow

maintaining nozzle efficiency

overcoming nozzle exit loss limits

17. Pumparounds and tower heat flows

the pumparound

vapor flow

fractionation

18. Condensers and tower pressure control

subcooling, vapor binding, and condensation

pressure control

19. Air coolers

fin fouling

fan discharge pressure

effect of reduced air flow

adjustments and corrections to improve cooling

designing for efficiency

20. Thermodynamics

why is thermodynamics important to the plant operator?

the source of steam velocity

converting latent heat to velocity

effect of wet steam

steam ejector temperature profile

roto-flow turbo expander

the meaning of entropy

21. Deaerators and steam systems

boiler feedwater

boilers

convective section waste-heat steam generation

references.

22. Steam generation

boiler blowdown rate

types of steam-generating equipment

boiler feed water preparation

effect of air preheat on boiler capacity

deaerator operation

boiler feedwater preheat

boiler thermal efficiency

sloped demister

23. Vacuum systems: steam jet ejectors

theory of operation

converging and diverging compression

calculations, performance curves, and other measurements in jet systems

optimum vacuum tower-top temperature

measurement of a deep vacuum without mercury

24. Steam turbines

principle of operation and calculations

selecting optimum turbine speed

25. Surface condensers

the second law of thermodynamics

surface condenser problems

surface condenser heat-transfer coefficients

26. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers: heat-transfer fouling resistance

allowing for thermal expansion

heat-transfer efficiency

exchanger cleaning

mechanical design for good heat transfer

importance of shell-side cross-flow

27. Heat exchanger innovations

smooth high alloy tubes

low-finned tubes

sintered metal tubes

spiral heat exchanger

tube inserts

twisted tubes and twisted tube bundle

helical tube support baffles

28. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers: design details

selecting the process fluid location

design the shell side for ease of cleaning

29. Fired heaters: fire- and flue-gas side

absolute combustion

draft

air leakage

efficient air/fuel mixing

optimizing excess air

air preheating, lighting burners, and heat balancing

30. Fired heaters: process side

process duty versus heat liberation

heater tube failures

flow in heater tubes

low-nox burners

tube fire-side heaters

31. Refrigeration systems

refrigerant receiver

evaporator temperature control

compressor and condenser operation

refrigerant composition

32. Cooling water systems

locating exchanger tube leaks

tube-side fouling

changing tube-side passes

cooling tower ph control

wooden cooling towers

back-flushing and air rumbling

acid cleaning

increasing water flow

piping pressure losses

cooling tower efficiency

wet bulb temperature

33. Catalytic effects: equilibrium and kinetics

kinetics vs. Equilibrium

temperature vs. Time

purpose of a catalyst

lessons from lithuania

zero order reactions

runaway reaction

common chemical plant and refinery catalytic processes

34. Centrifugal pumps: fundamentals of operation

head

starting npsh requirement

pump impeller

effect of temperature on pump capacity

35. Centrifugal pumps: driver limits

electric motors

steam turbines

gears

36. Centrifugal pumps: suction pressure limits

cavitation and net positive suction head

sub-atmospheric suction pressure

37. Centrifugal pumps: reducing seal and bearing failures

a packed pump

mechanical seal

purpose of seal flush

seal leaks

wasting external seal flush oil

double mechanical seal

dry seals

application of nitrogen barrier seals using double mechanical seals

steam use in seal chamber

pressure balancing holes

bearing failures

starting a centrifugal pump

38. Control valves

pumps and control valves

operating on the bad part of the curve

control valve position

valve position dials

air-to-open valves

saving energy in existing hydraulic systems

control valve bypasses

plugged control valves

39. Separators: vapor-hydrocarbon-water

gravity settling

demisters

entrainment due to foam

water-hydrocarbon separations

electrically accelerated water coalescing

static coalescers

40. Gas compression: the basic idea

relationship between heat and work

compression work (cp - cv)

41. Centrifugal compressors and surge

centrifugal compression and surge

compressor efficiency

frequently asked questions about centrifugal compressors.

42. Reciprocating compressors

theory of reciprocating compressor operation

the carnot cycle

the indicator card

volumetric compressor efficiency

unloaders

rod loading

variable molecular weight

43. Compressor efficiency

jet engine

controlling vibration and temperature rise

relative efficiency

relative work: external pressure losses

44. Safety concerns

relief-valve plugging

relieving to atmosphere

corrosion monitoring

alarms and trips

auto-ignition of hydrocarbons

paper gaskets

calculating heats of reaction

hot water explodes out of manway

45. Relief valve system design

coke drums

high-pressure fixed-bed reactors

trayed towers and packed columns

liquid-filled vessels

sour water strippers

protecting relief valves from fouling and corrosion

dual relief valves

process design responsibility for relief valve design

relief valve and pressure sensing connections

heat exchanger safety reliefs

relief valve effluents

maintaining flare header positive pressures

leaking relief valves

tray failure due to relief valves

the piper alpha rig destruction

46. Corrosion-process units

closer to home

erosive velocities

mixed phase flow

carbonate corrosion

naphthenic acid attack

a short history of corrosion

corrosion-fired heaters

oil-fired heaters

finned-tube corrosion

field identification of piping metallurgy

47. Waste water strippers

purpose of sour water strippers

two-stage sour water stripper

computer simulation and theoretical tray efficiency

use of caustic to improve stripping

water stripper reboiler corrosion and fouling

ballast water stripper

conclusions

48. Fluid flow in pipes

field engineer's method for estimating pipe flow

field pressure drop survey

line sizing for low-viscosity and turbulent flow

frictional pressure loss in rough and smooth pipe

special case for laminar flow

smooth pipes and turbulent flow

very rough pipes and very turbulent flow

non-newtonian fluids

some types of flow behavior

viscoelastic fluids

identifying the type of flow behavior

apparent and effective viscosity of non-newtonian liquids

the power law or ostwald de waele model

generalized reynolds numbers

49. Super-fractionation separation stage

my first encounter with super-fractionation

kettle reboiler

partial condenser

side reboilers and intercoolers

50. Hand calculations for distillation towers

introduction

bubble point and dew point calculations

the absorption factor or stripping factor chart

51. Computer modeling and control

modeling a propane-propylene splitter

computer control

material balance problems in computer modeling

fourth edition update comments

52. Field troubleshooting process problems

de-ethanizer flooding

the elements of troubleshooting

field calculations

troubleshooting tools-your wrench

field measurements

troubleshooting methods

afterword

A. Glossary

B. The norm lieberman video library of troubleshooting process operations.

Notes:

"Fourth edition"-- Cover

Previous edition: 2008.

Previous edition: published as by Norman P. Lieberman and Elizabeth T. Lieberman. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

ISBN:

9780071828062

0071828060

9780071828123

0071828125

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.