Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration / Shan K. Wang.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Wang, Shan K. (Shan Kuo), author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Air conditioning.

Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1 volumes (various pagings)) : illustrations, figs., tables.

Edition:

2nd ed.

Place of Publication:

New York, N.Y. : McGraw-Hill Education LLC., c2001, 1993.

Contents:

A. Dedication

B. Preface to second edition

Acknowledgments

C. Preface to the first edition

1. Introduction

Air conditioning

Comfort and processing air conditioning systems

Classification of air conditioning systems according to construction and operating characteristics

Central hydronic air conditioning systems

Distribution of systems usage

Historical development

Potentials and challenges

Air conditioning project development

Design for air conditioning system

Design documents

Codes and standards

Computer-aided design and drafting (cadd)

References

2. Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Dalton's law and the gibbs-dalton law

Air temperature

Humidity

Properties of moist air

Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature

Sling and aspiration psychrometers

Humidity measurements

Psychrometric charts

Determination of thermodynamic properties on psychrometric charts

3. Heat and moisture transfer through building envelope

Building envelope

Heat-transfer fundamentals

Heat-transfer coefficients

Moisture transfer

Condensation in buildings

Thermal insulation

Solar angles

Solar radiation

Fenestration

Heat admitted through windows

Shading of glass

Heat exchange between the outer building surface and its surroundings

Compliance with ashrae/iesna standard 90.1-1999 for building envelope

Energy-efficient and cost-effective measures for building envelope

4. Indoor and outdoor design conditions

Indoor design conditions

Heat exchange between human body and indoor environment

Metabolic rate and sensible heat losses from human body

Evaporative heat losses

Mean radiant temperature and effective temperature

Factors affecting thermal comfort

Thermal comfort

Indoor air temperature and air movements

Sick building syndrome and indoor air quality

Air cleanliness

Sound level

Space pressure differential

Outdoor design conditions

5. Energy management and control systems

Automatic control system and historical development

Control loop and control methods

Control modes

Sensors and transducers

Controllers

Water control valves and valve actuators

Dampers and damper actuators

System architecture

Interoperability and open protocol bacnet

Control logic and artificial intelligence

Programming of ddc systems

Tuning ddc units

Factors affecting control processes

Functional controls

Fault detection and diagnostics

Controls in ashrae/iesna standard 90.1-1999

6. Load calculations

Space load characteristics

Cooling load and coil load calculations

Historical development of cooling load calculations

Methodology?heat balance

Methodology?transfer function

Detailed calculation procedures for tfm

Detailed calculation procedure using cltd/scl/clf method

Cooling coil load

Cooling load calculation by finite difference method

Heating load

Load calculation software

7. Water systems

Fundamentals

Water piping

Valves, pipe fittings, and accessories

Water system pressurization and the presence of air

Corrosion and deposits in water system

Closed water system characteristics

Centrifugal pumps

Pump-piping systems

Operating characteristics of chilled water system

Plant-through-building loop

Plant-building loop

Plant-distributed pumping

Campus-type water systems

Computer-aided piping design and drafting

8. Heating systems, furnaces, and boilers

Heating systems

Warm air furnaces

Hot water boilers

Electric furnaces, heaters, and boilers

Low-pressure ducted warm air heating systems

Ducted warm air heating systems

Hot water heating systems using finned-tube heaters

Hydronic radiant floor-panel heating systems

Infrared heating

9. Refrigerants, refrigeration cycles, and refrigeration systems

Refrigeration and refrigeration systems

Refrigerants

Properties and characteristics of refrigerants

Phaseout of ozone depletion refrigerants

Classification of refrigerants

Refrigeration processes and refrigeration cycles

Graphical and analytical evaluation of refrigeration

Carnot refrigeration cycle

Coefficient of performance of refrigeration cycle

Single-stage ideal vapor compression cycle

Subcooling and superheating

Multistage vapor compression systems

Two-stage compound system with a flash cooler

Three-stage compound system with a two-stage flash cooler

Two-stage compound system with a vertical intercooler

Cascade systems

Air expansion refrigeration cycles

Refrigeration systems?classifications and developments

Refrigeration compressors

Performance of compressors

Safety requirements and machinery room

10. Refrigeration systems: components

Evaporators

Dx coils?wet coils

Flooded liquid cooler

Direct-expansion liquid cooler and liquid overfeed cooler

Condensation and condensers

Water-cooled condensers

Air-cooled condensers

Evaporative condensers

Cooling towers

Thermal analysis of cooling towers

Cooling tower performance

Part-load operation and optimum control

Operating considerations for cooling towers

Heat rejection systems

Refrigerant flow control devices

11. Refrigeration systems: reciprocating, rotary, scroll, and screw

Reciprocating refrigeration systems

Reciprocating compressors

Reciprocating refrigeration system components and accessories

Refrigerant piping

Capacity and safety controls

Performance of reciprocating compressor, evaporator, and condenser

System balance

Operating characteristics of air-cooled, direct-expansion reciprocating refrigeration system

Rotary refrigeration systems

Scroll refrigeration systems

Screw refrigeration systems

12. Heat pumps, heat recovery, gas cooling, and cogeneration systems

Basics of heat pump and heat recovery

Air-source heat pump systems

Groundwater heat pump systems

Ground-coupled and surface water heat pump systems

Air-to-air heat recovery

Gas cooling and cogeneration

13. Refrigeration systems: centrifugal

Centrifugal vapor compression refrigeration systems

Water-cooled centrifugal chiller

Centrifugal chillers incorporating heat recovery

Automatic brush cleaning for condensers

Centrifugal compressor performance map

Capacity control of centrifugal chillers

Centrifugal chiller controls

Operating characteristics of centrifugal chillers

Part-load operation of centrifugal chiller

Free refrigeration

Operation of multiple-chiller plant

14. Refrigeration systems: absorption

Absorption systems

Properties of aqueous lithium-bromide solution

Double-effect, direct-fired absorption chillers

Performance of double-effect, direct-fired absorption chiller

Absorption chiller controls

Operating characteristics and design considerations

Absorption chiller-heaters

Absorption heat pumps

Absorption heat transformer

References.

15. Air systems: components?fans, coils, filters, and humidifiers

Fan fundamentals

Centrifugal fans

Axial fans

Fan capacity modulation

Fan surge and stall

Fan construction and arrangements

Fan selection

Coil characteristics

Sensible cooling and sensible heating coils?dry coils

Water cooling coils?dry-wet coils

Coil accessories, condensate control, and freeze-up protection

Air cleaning, rating, and assessments

Test methods for air filters

Air filters

Electronic air cleaners

Activated carbon adsorbers

Selection of air filters

Humidification and humidifiers

Steam and heating element humidifiers

Atomizing and wetted element humidifiers

Air washers

Characteristics of atomizing and wetted element humidifiers

Selection of humidifiers and design

16. Air systems: equipment?air-handling units and packaged units

Air-handling units

Main components

Selection of air-handling units

Packaged units

Performance and selection of packaged units

Fan room

17. Air systems: air duct design

Basics of airflow in ducts

Characteristics of air flow in ducts

Duct construction

Duct heat gain, heat loss, and duct insulation

Frictional losses

Dynamic losses

Flow resistance

Principles and considerations in air duct design

Air duct design procedure and duct layout

Duct sizing methods

Duct systems with certain pressure losses in branch takeoffs

Duct systems with negligible pressure loss at branch ducts

Requirements of exhaust duct systems for a minimum velocity

Computer-aided duct design and drafting

Duct liner and duct cleaning

Pressure and airflow measurements

18. Air systems: space air diffusion

Principles of space air diffusion

Air jets

Supply outlets and return inlets

Mixing flow

Cold air distribution

Design procedure of mixing flow air diffusion system

Displacement flow and unidirectional flow

Stratified displacement flow

Projecting flow?spot cooling/heating

Upward flow underfloor air distribution

Computational fluid dynamics

19. Sound control

Sound control and sound paths

Fan, compressor, pump, and airflow noise

Sound attenuation along duct-borne path

Silencers

Fiberglass in hvac&r systems

Radiated noise and transmission losses

Relationship between room sound power level and room sound pressure level

Noise control for a typical air system

Rooftop packaged units

20. Air systems: basics and constant-volume systems

Air system basics

Building leakage area and building tightness

Space pressurization

Infiltration and exfiltration

Fan-duct systems

System effect

Combination of fan-duct systems

Modulation of the fan-duct system

Classification of air systems

Constant-volume systems

Air conditioning processes

Space conditioning and sensible cooling and heating processes

Humidifying processes

Cooling and dehumidifying process

Adiabatic mixing and bypass mixing processes

Single-zone, constant-volume systems?cooling mode operation

Supply volume flow rate

Determination of the supply air condition

Constant-volume single-zone systems?heating mode operation

Constant-volume multizone system with reheat

21. Air systems: variable-air-volume systems

System characteristics of variable-air-volume systems

Single-zone vav systems

Vav cooling, vav reheat, and perimeter heating vav systems

Dual-duct vav systems

Fan-powered vav systems

Comparison between various vav systems

22. Air systems: vav systems?fan combination, system pressure, and smoke control

Return and exhaust systems

Fan combinations and operating modes

System pressure diagram

Supply fan and exhaust fan combination

Supply fan and relief fan combination

Supply fan and return fan combination

Comparison of three fan combination systems

Pressure flow characteristics

Smoke control and fire safety

Effect of automatic sprinkler on fire protection

Smoke control in atria

Stairwell pressurization and zone smoke control

23. Air systems: minimum ventilation and vav system controls

Minimum ventilation control

Co2-based demand-controlled ventilation

Mixed plenum pressure controls

Outdoor air injection fan, direct measurement, and fan tracking systems

Conference rooms

Space pressurization and return volume flow controls

Discharge air temperature controls

Duct static pressure and fan controls

Functional controls for vav systems

Recommendations and interaction between controls

Sequence of operations of a vav reheat system with minimum ventilation, discharge air temperature, and duct static pressure controls?case study

24. Improving indoor air quality

Iaq problems

Ventilation, dilution of concentration of contaminants

Eliminating microbial growth

Filters to remove contaminants

Removing gaseous contaminants by adsorbers and chemisorbers

Maintenance to guarantee iaq

Space pressurization control

Legal responsibility for iaq cases

25. Energy management and global warming

Energy efficiency and unit energy rate reduction

Global warming

Energy efficiency

Energy conservation measures

Case study: energy conservation measures for an office

Relationship between hvac&r system characteristics and energy use

Electricity deregulation

System simulation

Energy simulation of a centrifugal chiller using physical modeling

Energy simulation software doe-2.1e

Ashrae/iesna standard 90.1-1999 energy cost budget method

26. Air conditioning systems: system classification, selection, and individual systems

Classification of air conditioning systems

Air conditioning system, subsystem, and main components selection

Individual air conditioning systems

Room air conditioning systems

Packaged terminal air conditioning systems

27. Air conditioning systems: evaporative cooling systems and evaporative coolers

Evaporative cooling and evaporative cooling systems

Direct evaporative cooling and direct evaporative coolers

Indirect evaporative cooling and indirect evaporative coolers

Indirect-direct two-stage evaporative cooling systems

Add-on evaporative coolers

Design considerations

28. Air conditioning systems: space conditioning systems

Space air conditioning systems

Fan-coil systems and fan-coil units

Four-pipe fan-coil systems

Two-pipe fan-coil systems

Water-source heat pump systems

Panel heating and cooling

29. Air conditioning systems: packaged systems and desiccant-based systems

Packaged systems

Single-zone constant-volume packaged systems

Single-zone vav packaged systems

Compliance with standard 90.1?1999 through simplified approach option for small and medium hvac&r systems

Vav cooling packaged systems

Vav reheat packaged systems

Perimeter-heating vav packaged systems

Fan-powered vav packaged systems

Desiccant-based air conditioning systems

Case study: a desiccant-based air conditioning system for a supermarket

Case study: a desiccant-based air conditioning system for retail stores

Case study: a desiccant-based air conditioning system for operating rooms

Applications of desiccant-based air conditioning systems

30. Air conditioning systems: central systems and clean-room systems

Central systems

Floor-by-floor central systems versus central systems using air systems serving many floors

Controls and operating characteristics of central systems

Types of vav central systems

Single-zone vav central systems

Vav cooling central systems, vav reheat central systems, and perimeter-heating vav central systems

Dual-duct vav central systems

Fan-powered vav central systems

Clean-room systems

Case study: clean-room systems for semiconductor integrated-circuit fabrication

31.

Air conditioning systems: thermal storage systems

Thermal storage systems

Ice-on-coil, internal-melt ice storage systems

Ice-on-coil, external-melt ice storage systems

Encapsulated ice storage systems

Ice-harvesting ice storage systems

Comparison of various ice storage systems

Stratified chilled water storage systems

Case study: a stratified chilled water storage system

32. Commissioning and maintenance

Hvac&r commissioning

Hvac&r maintenance

A. Nomenclature and abbreviations

Nomenclature

Abbreviations

B. Psychrometric chart, tables of properties, and i-p units to si units conversion.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Description based on cover image and table of contents, viewed on Aug. 21, 2014.

ISBN:

9780070681675

0070681678

9780071189811

0071189815

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.