From Anatomy to Function of the Central Nervous System : Clinical and Neurosurgical Applications / Brandon Matteo Ascenzi MsC, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Ascenzi, Brandon Matteo, MsC, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Central nervous system.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (762 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : Academic Press, [2025]

Summary:

This book, edited by Brandon Matteo Ascenzi, is a comprehensive resource on the anatomy and functionality of the central nervous system, with a focus on clinical and neurosurgical applications. It covers the development of the central nervous system, topography of neural structures, and functional anatomy of brain components such as the brainstem, cerebellum, and diencephalon. The text also addresses disorders associated with these systems and explores advanced imaging techniques and neurosurgical approaches. Intended for medical professionals and researchers, the book aims to integrate anatomical understanding with practical clinical insights for improved treatment of neurological conditions. Generated by AI.

Contents:

Front Cover

FROM ANATOMY TO FUNCTION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

FROM ANATOMY TO FUNCTION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: CLINICAL AND NEUROSURGICAL APPLICATIONS

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Contributors

About the editor

Preface

Acknowledgments

I - Development, topography and neurochemistry of the central nervous system

1 - The Development of the Central Nervous System and Human Neural Stem Cells

NEURULATION

CORTEX ASSEMBLY

CEREBELLAR DEVELOPMENT

SPINAL CORD DEVELOPMENT

UNDERLYING ALTERATIONS LEADING TO NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

Morphogenic Defects

Environmental Insults

PERSPECTIVES

References

2 - Topography of Neuraxis, Vascularization and Ventricular System

FIRST SECTION: BLOOD SUPPLY, MENINGES AND CSF CIRCULATION

Blood Supply of the Brain

VENUS DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF THE BRAIN

ANATOMOMORPHOLOGICAL DEFECTS OF BRAIN VESSELS

Arteriovenous Malformation

Treatment

Aneurysm

MENINGES

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND CIRCULATION

SECOND SECTION: TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CEREBRUM: NEW PERSPECTIVES OFFERED BY THE USE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

Frontal Lobe

Central Sulcus

Cingulate Gyrus

Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Cerebellum

High-Resolution Neuroimaging: Toward a Better Future

THIRD SECTION: TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SPINAL CORD AND BRAINSTEM: THE IMPORTANCE OF DISSECTION AND IMAGING IN THE NEUROSURGICAL A ...

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE BRAINSTEM

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

External Features of the Medulla Oblongata

PONS

External Features of the Pons

MESENCEPHALON (MIDBRAIN)

External Features of the Midbrain

Further Reading

3 - Neurochemistry of the Central Nervous System

INTRODUCTION

ACETYLCHOLINE

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS

Nicotinic Colinergic Receptor (nAChR).

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors

Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes Couple to Distinct G-Proteins and Activate Different Effector Mechanisms

THE MONOAMINERGIC CIRCUITS

1. Serotonine

Serotonin Synthesis

L-Tryptophan is the Precursor Serotonin Synthesis

Storage of 5-HT Vesicles and Active Transport from the Cytoplasm

Serotonin may be Involved in a Wide Variety of Behaviors by Setting the Tone of Brain Activity in Relationship to the State ...

Serotonin Receptors

The 5-HT1 Receptor Family is Composed of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F Receptors

The 5-HT1A Receptor Subtype

The 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D Receptor Subtypes

The 5-HT1E Receptor Subtype

The 5-HT1F Receptor Subtype

The 5-HT2 Receptor Family is Composed of the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5HT2C Receptors

The 5-HT2A Receptor Subtype

The 5-HT2B Receptor Subtype

The 5-HT2C Receptor

In Contrast to the Other 5-HT Receptor Subtypes, the 5-HT3 Receptor is a Ligand-Gated Ion Channel

The 5-HT3 Receptor

The 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 Receptors are Coupled to the Stimulation of Adenylyl-Cyclase

The 5-HT4 Receptor Family

The 5-HT6 Receptor Family

The 5-HT7 Receptor Family

2. Catecholamines (Monoamines): Dopamine, Adrenaline, and Noradrenaline

Dopamine

Dopamine Receptors

Noradrenaline

Adrenaline

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline Receptors

Synaptic Activity of the Catecholamines

Inactivation and Metabolism of Catecholamine

3. Amino Acids

3a. Glutamate

Glutamate Receptors

Glutamate Transporters

3b. GABA

GABA Rs Physiology and Pharmacology

3c. Glycine

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

OPIOIDS

II - Anatomy of the spinal cord and brain

4 - The Spinal Cord

DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF THE SPINAL CORD

GRAY MATTER OF THE SPINAL CORD.

WHITE MATTER OF THE SPINAL CORD

ASCENDING FIBERS SYSTEM

Dorsal Column (or Dorsal Fasciculi) Medial Lemniscus Pathway (DCML)

SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT

SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

SPINORETICULAR TRACT

SPINOMESENCEPHALIC TRACT

SPINO-OLIVARY TRACT

DESCENDING FIBERS SYSTEM

Pyramidal System

Extrapyramidal System

Reticulospinal Tract

VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

RUBROSPINAL TRACT

TECTOSPINAL TRACT

5a - Functional Anatomy of the Brainstem

EXTERNAL ANATOMY

Medulla Oblongata

Pons

Midbrain

IV Ventricle

Cranial Nerves

INTERNAL ANATOMY

PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY

FUNCTIONAL BRAINSTEM AREAS/NETWORKS INVOLVED IN SOME NEUROPATHIES

Brainstem Locomotor Networks

Brainstem Involvement in Selective Attention to Speech

SOME PATHOLOGIES OF THE BRAINSTEM AND THE CEREBELLUM

Cerebellar Mutism

Truncal Ataxia and the Parachute Sign

Dorsal Vermis Lesions

Speech After Pontocerebellar Ischemia

NEUROSURGICAL APPROACHES TO THE BRAINSTEM

Brainstem Surgery and Safe Entry Zones

Posterior Median Sulcus

Lateral Medullary Zone

Olivary Zone

Posterior Lateral Sulcus

Posterior Intermediate Sulcus

Anterolateral Sulcus

The Superafacial Zone

The Infrafacial Zone

Peritrigeminal Zone Dorsal Approaches

Peritrigeminal Zone

Supratrigeminal Zone

Lateral Pontine Zone

Median Sulcus of the Fourth Ventricle (or Above the Facial Colliculus)

Area Acustica

Floccular Peduncle

Midline Approach

Mesencephalon

Supracollicolar/Infracollicular Zone

Anterior Mesencephalic Zone

Lateral Mesencephalic Sulcus

Intercollicular Region

Interpeduncular Zone (or Fossa)

Approaches Division

Lateral Supratentorial

Kawase Approach.

Transcavernous Approach

Lateral Infratentorial

Retrosigmoid Approach

Far Lateral

Lateral Supra/Infratentorial

Posterior Petrosal Approach

Midline Posterior

Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach

Telovelar Approach

Midline Anterior

Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Brainstem

5b - The Reticular Formation

THE MEDIAN COLUMN

MEDULLA OBLONGATA NUCLEI

Nucleus Raphe Pallidus (B1-RPa)-Nucleus Raphe Obscurus (B2-ROb)-Nucleus Raphe Magnus (B3-RMg)

PONTINE NUCLEI

Pontine Raphe Nucleus (B5-RPn)1

MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEI

Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (B6-DRN)-Superior Central Nucleus (B8-MnR)

AFFERENT FIBERS TO THE RAPHE NUCLEI

AFFERENT CONNECTION FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND FROM OTHERS BRAIN AREAS TO THE RAPHE NUCLEI (TABLE 5B.1)

EFFERENT FIBERS OF THE RAPHE NUCLEI (TABLE 5B.2)

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM

THE MEDIAL COLUMN

Ventral Reticular Nucleus3-Gigantocellular Nucleus

PONS AND MESENCEPHALON-PONS JUNCTION NUCLEI

Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus-Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus-Gigantocellular Nucleus (Gi)-Reticulotegmental Nucleus4

PARAMEDIAN PONTINE RETICULAR FORMATION

CARDIORESPIRATORY REGULATION BY VLSM

CONTROL OF THE RESPIRATORY FUNCTION BY THE RETICULAR FORMATION

SEROTONERGIC MODULATION OF BREATHING

THE LATERAL COLUMN

Lateral Reticular Nucleus5-Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus6

MESENCEPHALON-PONS JUNCTION

Medial Parabrachial Nucleus7-Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus8-Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPTg)9-Locus Coeruleus (A6-LC)

Brief Note Concerning the Parabrachial Nuclei

ADRENERGIC AND NORADRENERGIC CELLULAR GROUPS

DOPAMINERGIC CELLULAR GROUPS

CHOLINERGIC CELLULAR GROUPS

6 - The Cerebellum.

THE EMBRYONIC CEREBELLAR DEVELOPMENT

ANATOMY OF THE CEREBELLUM

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION AND CIRCUITRY OF THE CEREBELLUM

NEUROANATOMIC CONNECTIONS

CEREBELLAR DISORDERS

Clinical Manifestations

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Cerebellar Hypoplasia

Cerebellar Vermis Hypoplasia

Unilateral Cerebellar Hypoplasia

Pontocerebellar Hypoplasias

Rhombencephalosynapsis

Chiari Malformations

Joubert Syndrome

CBLH-DWM and Vasculogenesis

Other Causes of Cerebellar Disorders

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CEREBELLAR DISORDERS

Treatment for Specific Etiology

Treatment to Enhance the Cerebellar Reserve

NOVEL TREATMENTS

Gene Therapy

Stem Cell Treatment

7 - The Diencephalon: Introduction and Epithalamus

Constituent Structures

Embryology

THE EPITHALAMUS

Habenular Nuclei

Medial Habenula

Lateral Habenula

Pineal Gland

Background

Anatomy and Histology

Neural Connections

Physiology and Biochemistry

Functional Effects

Pathology

Pineal Parenchymal Cell Tumors

Germ Cell Tumors

Glial Tumors

Papillary Tumor

Miscellaneous Tumors

Acknowledgment

8 - The Diencephalon: Dorsal Thalamus

EMBRYOLOGICAL ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE THALAMUS

THE THALAMUS: LOCATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Location

Components of the Thalamus

Structural Organization of the Thalamus

Inter- and Intraconnectivity of the Thalamic Nuclei

Relay Nuclei

Anterior Nuclear Group

Anterior Nucleus

Medial (Medial Dorsal Nucleus)

Lateral Nuclear Group

Intralaminar and Midline Nuclei

Reticular Nuclei

Thalamic Connectivity

Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits

Anterior Nuclei and Thalamic Radiations

Functional Aspects

Relay Systems

Thalamic Circuit Properties

Sensory Relay

The Motor Thalamus.

Emotional Circuit and the Thalamus.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780128224342

0128224347