Multi-Dimensional Imaging with Synthetic Aperture Radar.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Fornaro, Gianfranco.

Contributor:

Pauciullo, Antonio.

Pascazio, Vito.

Schirinzi, Gilda.

Reale, Diego.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Synthetic aperture radar.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (392 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2024.

Summary:

Provides a complete description of principles, models and data processing methods, giving an introduction to the theory that underlies recent applications such as topographic mapping and natural risk situational awareness - seismic-tectonics, active volcano, landslides and subsidence monitoring - security, urban, wide area and infrastructure control. Imaging radars, specifically Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), generally mounted onboard satellites or airplanes, are able to provide systematic high-resolution imaging of the Earth's surface. Recent advances in the field has seen applications to natural risk monitoring and security and has driven the development of many operational systems.

Contents:

Front Cover

Multi-Dimensional Imaging with Synthetic Aperture Radar

Copyright

Contents

Authors' biographies

1 Introduction

1.1 Brief history of radar and SAR development

1.2 Radar: detection and ranging

1.3 Radar imaging

1.4 Radar equation

1.4.1 Concentrated target

1.4.2 Distributed target

1.5 Interferometry

1.6 Differential SAR interferometry

1.7 Advanced differential SAR interferometry

1.8 Tomographic SAR for 3-dimensional and multi-dimensional analysis

2 Radar principles: ranging and Doppler

2.1 Target ranging with a rectangular pulse

2.2 Echoes from multiple targets

2.3 Chirp compression

2.4 Multiple pulses

2.5 Doppler effect

2.5.1 Effect of the movement of a target on a single echo

2.5.2 Analysis on the band pass signal

2.5.3 Analysis on the matched filter output

2.6 Radar waveforms

2.6.1 Continuous wave

2.6.2 Stepped frequency

2.7 Stretch processing and sampling

2.8 MATLAB® examples

2.8.1 Doppler analysis

3 Scene characterization

3.1 Electromagnetic wave polarization

3.2 Scattering matrix, scattering coefficient, and radar cross section

3.3 Scattering matrix of canonical objects

3.4 Stokes parameters and Mueller matrix

3.5 Coherent polarimetric decomposition

3.6 Scattering models

3.6.1 Surface scattering

Physical optics

The small perturbation model

3.6.2 Volume scattering

3.7 Speckle

3.7.1 Speckle statistics

4 Imaging radar: SAR data acquisition geometry and modes

4.1 Acquisition geometry of imaging radars

4.2 Resolution of a real aperture radar (RAR)

4.3 SAR resolution and Doppler bandwidth

4.3.1 Aperture synthesis approach

4.3.2 Doppler approach

4.4 SAR acquisition impulse response function

4.5 SAR data sampling and ambiguities

4.6 Acquisition modes.

4.6.1 Broadside and squinted stripmap modes

4.6.2 Spotlight

ScanSAR

TOPS mode

5 2D SAR focusing

5.1 Preliminary concepts

5.2 Focusing of a single point scatterer

5.3 System transfer function evaluation

5.4 Focusing of an extended scene

5.5 Squinted geometry

5.6 MATLAB® examples

5.6.1 Raw data simulation

5.6.2 Narrow focusing processing

6 SAR interferometry

6.1 InSAR basic principles for topographic applications

6.1.1 SAR stereometry

6.1.2 SAR interferometry

6.1.3 Canonical topography case

6.2 Differential SAR interferometry

6.3 Phase statistic

6.4 Decorrelation effects

6.5 Effect of multilook on SAR interferograms

6.6 Coregistration of SAR acquisitions

6.7 Phase unwrapping

7 Multitemporal SAR interferometry

7.1 Signal phase model over multiple interferograms

7.1.1 Generalization of the two-antenna interferometry model

7.1.2 Multiacquisition SAR interferometry model

7.1.3 Interferometric data covariance model

7.2 Phase component separation

7.2.1 Stacking of coherent interferograms

7.2.2 Persistent scatterers interferometry

7.3 Multilook in multitemporal SAR interferometry: SqueeSAR and CAESAR methods

7.3.1 The SqueeSAR approach

7.3.2 The CAESAR approach

7.4 Phase unwrapping with multiple acquisitions

8 SAR tomography

8.1 TomoSAR data model

8.1.1 The discrete TomoSAR data model

8.1.2 Fourier tomography and Rayleigh elevation resolution

8.1.3 Reflectivity models

8.2 3D TomoSAR imaging techniques

8.2.1 Classical beamforming

8.2.2 Truncated singular value decomposition (T-SVD)

8.2.3 Capon beamforming

8.2.4 MUltiple SIgnal classification (MUSIC)

8.2.5 Compressive sensing

8.3 Application of SAR tomography to surface scattering scenarios for PS detection.

8.3.1 Detection and scatterer parameter estimation of single scatterers at full resolution

8.3.2 Detection and scatterer parameter estimation for multiple scatterers at full resolution

8.3.3 Multilook detection of weak persistent scatterers

8.3.4 Extension to multi-dimensional imaging

8.4 TomoSAR applications to volume scattering scenarios

8.4.1 Single polarization multibaseline TomoSAR data model for vegetated areas

8.4.2 Multipolarization multibaseline TomoSAR data model for vegetated areas

8.4.3 Polarimetric unitary rank TomoSAR imaging

8.4.4 Polarimetric full rank TomoSAR imaging

8.4.5 Polarimetric backscattering separation

A Appendices

A.1 Fourier Transform and properties

A.2 Baseband signal

A.3 Factorization property

A.4 Stationary phase approximation

A.5 Eigenvalue invariance under the Hadamard multiplication by a phase only dyadic product

A.6 Basic electromagnetic principles

A.7 Elementary antennas

A.8 Antenna array

A.9 Generalized likelihood ratio test detection of persistent scatterers

List of symbols

Bibliography

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Fornaro, Gianfranco Multi-Dimensional Imaging with Synthetic Aperture Radar

ISBN:

9780128216576

0128216573

OCLC:

1419967941