Fundamentals of strength : principles, experiments, and applications of an internal state variable constitutive formulation / Paul Follansbee.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Follansbee, Paul, author.

Series:

The Minerals, Metals and Materials Series.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Strength of materials--Mathematical models.

Strength of materials.

Strains and stresses.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (546 pages)

Edition:

2nd edition.

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer International Publishing, [2022]

Summary:

This second edition updates and expands on the class-tested first edition text, augmenting discussion of dynamic strain aging and austenitic stainless steels and adding a section on analysis of nickel-base superalloys that shows how the mechanical threshold stress (MTS) model, an internal state variable constitutive formulation, can be used to de-convolute synergistic effects. The new edition retains a clear and rigorous presentation of the theory, mechanistic basis, and application of the MTS model.

Contents:

Intro

Foreword to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Acknowledgment

How to Use This Textbook

Contents

About the Author

Symbols

Chapter 1: Measuring the Strength of Metals

1.1 How Is Strength Measured?

1.2 The Tensile Test

1.3 Stress in a Test Specimen

1.4 Strain in a Test Specimen

1.5 The Elastic Stress Versus Strain Curve

1.6 The Elastic Modulus

1.7 Lateral Strains and Poisson´s Ratio

1.8 Defining Strength

1.9 Stress-Strain Curve

1.10 The True Stress-True Strain Conversion

1.11 Example Tension Tests

1.12 Accounting for Strain Measurement Errors

1.13 Formation of a Neck in a Tensile Specimen

1.14 Strain Rate

1.15 Summary

Exercises

References

Chapter 2: Structure and Bonding

2.1 Forces and Resultant Energies Associated with an Ionic Bond

2.2 Elastic Straining and the Force Versus Separation Diagram

2.3 Crystal Structure

2.4 Plastic Deformation

2.5 Dislocations

2.6 Summary

Chapter 3: Contributions to Strength

3.1 Strength of a Single Crystal

3.2 The Peierls Stress

3.3 The Importance of Available Slip Systems and Geometry of HCP Metals

3.4 Contributions from Grain Boundaries

3.5 Contributions from Impurity Atoms

3.6 Contributions from Stored Dislocations

3.7 Contributions from Precipitates

3.8 Summary

Chapter 4: Dislocation-Obstacle Interactions

4.1 A Simple Dislocation/Obstacle Profile

4.2 Thermal Energy-Boltzmann´s Equation

4.3 The Implication of 0 K

4.4 Addition of a Second Obstacle to a Slip Plane

4.5 Kinetics

4.6 Analysis of Experimental Data

4.7 Multiple Obstacles

4.8 Kinetics of Hardening

4.9 Summary

Chapter 5: A Constitutive Law for Metal Deformation.

5.1 Constitutive Laws in Engineering Design and Materials Processing

5.2 Simple Hardening Models

5.3 State Variables

5.4 Defining a State Variable in Metal Deformation

5.5 The Mechanical Threshold Stress Model

5.5.1 Example Material and Constitutive Law

5.6 Common Deviations from Model Behavior

5.7 Summary

Chapter 6: Further MTS Model Developments

6.1 Removing the Temperature Dependence of the Shear Modulus

6.2 Introducing a More Descriptive Obstacle Profile

6.3 Dealing with Multiple Obstacles

6.4 Defining the Activation Volume in the Presence of Multiple Obstacles Populations

6.5 The Evolution Equation

6.6 Adiabatic Deformation

6.7 Summary

Chapter 7: Data Analysis: Deriving MTS Model Parameters

7.1 A Hypothetical Alloy

7.2 Pure Fosium

7.3 Hardening in Pure Fosium

7.4 Yield Stress Kinetics in Unstrained FoLLyalloy

7.5 Hardening in FoLLyalloy

7.6 Evaluating the Stored Dislocation Obstacle Population

7.7 Deriving the Evolution Equation

7.8 The Constitutive Law for FoLLyalloy

7.9 Summary

Chapter 8: Application of MTS Model to Copper and Nickel

8.1 Pure Copper

8.2 Follansbee and Kocks Experiments

8.3 Temperature-Dependent Stress-Strain Curves

8.4 Eleiche and Campbell Measurements in Torsion

8.5 Analysis of Deformation in Nickel

8.6 Predicted Stress-Strain Curves in Nickel and Comparison with Experiment

8.7 Application to Shock Deformed Nickel

8.8 Deformation in Nickel Plus Carbon Alloys

8.9 Monel 400-Analysis of Grain-Size Dependence

8.10 Copper-Aluminum Alloys

8.11 Summary

Chapter 9: Application of MTS Model to BCC Metals and Alloys

9.1 Pure BCC Metals

9.2 Comparison with Campbell and Ferguson Measurements.

9.3 Trends in the Activation Volume for Pure BCC Metals

9.4 Structure Evolution in BCC Pure Metals and Alloys

9.5 Analysis of the Constitutive Behavior of a Fictitious BCC Alloy-UfKonel

9.6 Analysis of the Constitutive Behavior of AISI 1018 Steel

9.7 Analysis of the Constitutive Behavior of Polycrystalline Vanadium

9.8 Deformation Twinning in Vanadium

9.9 Signature of Dynamic Strain Aging in Vanadium

9.10 Analysis of Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Niobium

9.11 Summary

Chapter 10: Application of MTS Model to HCP Metals and Alloys

10.1 Pure Zinc

10.2 Kinetics of Yield in Pure Cadmium

10.3 Structure Evolution in Pure Cadmium

10.4 Pure Magnesium

10.5 Magnesium Alloy AZ31

10.6 Pure Zirconium

10.7 Structure Evolution in Zirconium

10.7.1 The Influence of Deformation Twinning on Hardening

10.8 Analysis of Deformation in Irradiated Zircaloy-2

10.9 Analysis of Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Titanium

10.9.1 Dynamic Strain Aging in Polycrystalline Titanium

10.10 Analysis of Deformation Behavior of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al-4V

10.11 Summary

Chapter 11: Application of MTS Model to Austenitic Stainless Steels

11.1 Variation of Yield Stress with Temperature and Strain Rate in Annealed Materials

11.2 Nitrogen in Austenitic Stainless Steels

11.3 The Hammond and Sikka Study in 316

11.4 Modeling the Stress-Strain Curve

11.5 Dynamic Strain Aging in Austenitic Stainless Steels

11.6 Application of the Model to Irradiation-Damaged Material

11.7 Summary

Chapter 12: Application of MTS Model to Nickel-Base Superalloys

12.1 Deformation in Nickel-Based Superalloys

12.2 Yield Stress Kinetics

12.3 Strain Hardening in Several Nickel-Base Superalloys.

12.3.1 Strain Hardening in Inconel 600

12.3.2 Strain Hardening in Inconel 718

12.3.3 Yield Stress Kinetics and Strain Hardening in C-276

12.3.4 Yield Stress Kinetics and Strain Hardening in C-22

12.3.5 Potential Origins of High Hardening Rates

12.4 Signatures of Dynamic Strain Aging

12.5 Summary

Chapter 13: A Model for Dynamic Strain Aging

13.1 Review of Signatures of DSA

13.2 Focusing on the Increased Stress Levels Accompanying DSA

13.3 Toward a Mechanistic Understanding

13.4 Model Predictions

13.5 Predicting the Stresses When DSA is Active

13.6 Summary

Appendix 13.A1 The Effect of an Incorrect Assumption on the Analysis Using Eq. 13.15

Appendix 13.A2 The Effect of DSA on the Stage II Hardening Rate

Chapter 14: Application of MTS Model to the Strength of Heavily Deformed Metals

14.1 Complications Introduced at Large Deformations

14.2 Stress Dependence of the Normalized Activation Energy goε

14.3 Addition of Stage IV Hardening to the Evolution Law

14.4 Grain Refinement

14.5 Application to Large-Strain ECAP Processing of Copper

14.5.1 Using the Torsion Curve Rather Than the Compression Curve

14.6 Further Insight into the Strain Hardening at High Strains

14.7 A Large-Strain Constitutive Description of Nickel

14.8 Application to Large-Strain ECAP Processing of Nickel

14.9 Application to Large-Strain ECAP Processing of Austenitic Stainless Steel

14.10 Analysis of Fine-Grained Processed Tungsten

14.11 Summary

Chapter 15: Summary and Status of Model Development

15.1 Analyzing the Temperature-Dependent Yield Stress

15.2 Stress Dependence of the Normalized Activation Energy goε

15.3 Evolution

15.4 Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependence of Evolution (Strain Hardening).

15.5 The Effects of Deformation Twinning

15.6 The Signature of Dynamic Strain Aging

15.7 Adding Insight to Deformation in Nickel-Base Superalloys

15.8 Adding Insight to Complex Processing Routes

15.9 Temperature Limits

15.10 Summary

Index.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Follansbee, Paul Fundamentals of Strength

ISBN:

9783031045561