High-Temperature Electrolysis : From Fundamentals to Applications / edited by Werner Sitte and Rotraut Merkle.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Sitte, Werner, editor.

Merkle, Rotraut, editor.

Series:

IOP expanding physics.

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

High temperature electrolysis.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (500 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Bristol, England : IOP Publishing Ltd, [2023]

Summary:

This reference text provides a detailed guide to high-temperature electrolysis, including the fundamental and materials aspects of solid oxide and protonic ceramic electrolysis cells, considerations at stack and system levels, recent developments, and important combinations of high-temperature electrolysis with other processes.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Editor biographies

Werner Sitte

Rotraut Merkle

List of contributors

Chapter 1 High-temperature electrolysis-general overview

1.1 The need for energy conversion and the storage of sustainable energy

1.1.1 From fossil fuels to sustainable energy

1.1.2 Potential conversion and storage technologies

1.2 Electrolysis cells

1.2.1 Thermodynamics of the electrolysis of H2O and CO2

1.2.2 Types of electrolysis cell

1.3 Useful electrochemical concepts for SOC cells

1.3.1 Example of SOC structure and materials

1.3.2 Types of potentials in SOCs

1.3.3 Non-recognized overpotential types in composite electrodes and MIECs

1.4 Recommendations for future work

1.4.1 Stoichiometry of materials

1.4.2 Impurities and segregations

1.4.3 Leaks

1.5 Outlook

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2 Electrolyte materials for solid oxide electrolysis cells

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Definition of a solid oxide electrolysis electrolyte

2.1.2 Requirements for the electrolyte component

2.2 Materials in common use

2.2.1 Zirconia-based electrolytes

2.2.2 Ceria-based electrolytes

2.2.3 Lanthanum gallate-based perovskite electrolytes

2.2.4 New electrolyte compositions

2.3 Electrolyte degradation mechanisms

2.4 Concluding remarks

Chapter 3 Anode materials for solid oxide electrolysis cells

3.1 Solid oxide electrolysis cell anodes

3.2 Perovskites: a material scientist's playground

3.2.1 Crystal structure of perovskites

3.2.2 The influence of different A- and B-site ions on selected materials properties

3.3 Diffusion in the solid state

3.3.1 Definitions of diffusion coefficients

3.3.2 Measurement of diffusion coefficients and ionic conductivity

3.3.3 Diffusion coefficients of relevant positrode materials.

3.4 Compatibility with electrolyte materials

3.5 Layered rare-earth nickelates

3.5.1 Introduction

3.5.2 Crystal structure

3.5.3 First-order Ruddlesden-Popper phases

3.5.4 Compatibility with electrolyte materials

3.5.5 Higher-order Ruddlesden-Popper phases

3.5.6 SOEC positrode performance

3.6 Concluding remarks

Chapter 4 Cathode materials for solid oxide electrolysis cells

4.1 Fuel electrode processes and requirements

4.2 Ni-YSZ cermet electrodes

4.3 Ceramic electrodes

4.3.1 Ceria

4.3.2 Lanthanum chromites

4.3.3 Ferrite oxides

4.3.4 Strontium titanates

4.3.5 Integration of nanostructured electrocatalysts by infiltration

4.3.6 Integration of nanostructured electrodes by exsolution

4.4 Concluding remarks: from the state of the art to advanced materials design

Chapter 5 Interconnects and coatings

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Theory and characterization methods used to evaluate metallic interconnects

5.2.1 High-temperature oxidation

5.2.2 Volatilization of Cr

5.2.3 Electrical conductivity

5.3 Degradation of interconnects in SOEC atmospheres

5.3.1 Oxygen-rich atmospheres

5.3.2 Hydrogen and hydrogen-steam atmospheres

5.3.3 CO2-CO atmospheres

5.3.4 Other forms of interconnect degradation

5.4 Concluding remarks

Acknowledgment

Chapter 6 Electrode kinetics

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Reaction pathways

6.1.2 Model-type thin-film electrodes as a tool to identify reaction pathways

6.2 Three-phase boundary active electrodes

6.2.1 Ni/YSZ as the fuel electrode

6.2.2 Pt/YSZ in an oxygen-containing atmosphere

6.2.3 LaMnO3-based electrodes for oxygen reduction

6.3 Surface active electrodes

6.3.1 The role of electrode defect chemistry in electrode reactions.

6.3.2 The meaning of the electrochemical overpotential in the case of mixed-conducting electrodes

6.3.3 Effect of the electrochemical overpotential on a possible surface potential step

6.3.4 Mechanistic picture of oxygen exchange on MIEC oxide electrodes

6.3.5 The effect of chemical evolution of the electrode surface

6.4 Methods used for the characterization of electrode kinetics

6.4.1 Current-voltage curves

6.4.2 Impedance spectroscopy

6.5 Concluding remarks

Chapter 7 Cell architectures

7.1 Cell geometries

7.1.1 Introduction

7.1.2 Planar cells

7.1.3 Tubular cells

7.2 SOEC configurations

7.2.1 Introduction

7.3 Range of operating conditions

7.4 Mechanical properties

7.5 Concluding remarks

Chapter 8 Metal-supported cells

8.1 Background and motivation

8.2 The manufacture of metal-supported cells

8.2.1 Materials and processing of metal substrates

8.2.2 The manufacture of metal-supported cells

8.3 Operational statuses of MS-SOECs

8.4 Operational statuses of MS-PCECs

8.5 Specific degradation issues of metal-supported cells

8.5.1 Oxidation of the metal substrate

8.5.2 Interdiffusion

8.5.3 Ni migration

8.5.4 Chromium poisoning of the oxygen electrode

8.6 Concluding remarks

Chapter 9 Advanced data analysis

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Electrochemical characterization of SOECs

9.2.1 SOEC testing in general

9.2.2 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

9.3 Microstructural analysis and reconstruction

9.3.1 FIB-SEM and μCT

9.3.2 Image processing, segmentation, and reconstruction

9.4 Impedance data analysis

9.4.1 Validity of impedance data

9.4.2 Equivalent circuit modeling

9.4.3 Impedance data deconvolution approaches

9.4.4 DRT-based equivalent circuit modeling and simulation.

9.4.5 Correlation of impedance and physicochemically meaningful parameters

9.5 Concluding remarks

Chapter 10 Long-term stack tests

10.1 Introduction

10.2 General overview of the degradation tests of SOEC stacks

10.3 Long-term SOEC stack tests

10.3.1 Stacks of ESC cells

10.3.2 Stacks of FSC cells

10.4 Degradation mechanisms

10.4.1 Oxidation of the interconnect

10.4.2 Degradation of the YSZ electrolyte

10.4.3 Degradation of the LSC(F) air electrode

10.4.4 Degradation of the Ni-based electrode

10.4.5 Degradation due to contact in stacks

10.5 Concluding remarks

Chapter 11 Proton and mixed proton/hole-conducting materials for protonic ceramic electrolysis cells

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Proton-conducting oxides

11.2.1 Proton incorporation reaction and thermodynamics

11.2.2 Proton transport

11.2.3 Electronic defects in proton-conducting materials

11.2.4 Grain-boundary properties and processing issues

11.2.5 Material examples

11.3 Mixed proton/hole-conducting materials

11.3.1 Proton incorporation reactions and thermodynamics, defect interactions

11.3.2 Proton transport in triple-conducting perovskites

11.3.3 Electronic conductivity, conflicting trends

11.3.4 Surface oxygen exchange kinetics and mechanism

11.3.5 Materials examples

11.4 Concluding remarks

Chapter 12 Thermodynamics, transport, and electrochemistry in protonic ceramic electrolysis cells

12.1 Introduction

12.1.1 SOEC function

12.1.2 PCEC function

12.1.3 Practical tradeoffs

12.2 Electrolyte and electrode compositions

12.3 Faradaic and energy efficiencies

12.4 Electrolyte membrane performance

12.4.1 BCZYYb equilibrium defect chemistry

12.4.2 Defect and charge transport

12.4.3 Half-cell reversible potential and cell voltage.

12.4.4 BCZYYb membrane transport performance

12.5 Electrochemical cells

12.5.1 Pore phase gas-phase transport

12.5.2 Charge conservation within the electron-conducting phase

12.5.3 Defect-incorporation chemistry

12.5.4 Charge-transfer chemistry

12.5.5 Parameter fitting

12.5.6 Defect-incorporation rates

12.6 Concluding remarks

References and additional reading

Chapter 13 Tubular protonic ceramic electrolysis cells and direct hydrogen compression

13.1 Introduction

13.1.1 PCEC operating principles

13.1.2 Cell geometries for pressurized operation

13.2 The thermodynamics and kinetics of pressurized PCECs

13.2.1 Cell-level thermodynamics of pressurized operation

13.2.2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of cell components

13.3 Materials, cell architectures, and assembly

13.3.1 Materials for pressurized operation

13.3.2 Tubular cell fabrication and assemblies

13.4 Status of tubular PCEC technology

13.4.1 Ambient-pressure cell testing

13.4.2 Pressurized tubular PCEs

13.4.3 Future prospects for pressurized tubular PCECs

13.5 Concluding remarks

Chapter 14 Planar protonic ceramic electrolysis cells for H2 production and CO2 conversion

14.1 H2 production and CO2 conversion in PCECs

14.1.1 PCECs for H2 production

14.1.2 CO2 conversion in PCECs

14.1.3 Thermodynamics of H2O electrolysis and CO2 conversion in PCECs

14.1.4 Advantages of employing PCECs for H2 production and CO2 conversion

14.2 Current progress in the field of PCECs for H2 production and CO2 conversion

14.2.1 PCECs for H2 production

14.2.2 PCECs for CO2 conversion

14.3 Challenges and opportunities of H2 production in protonic ceramic electrochemical cells

14.3.1 Faradaic efficiency of PCECs for H2 production

14.3.2 Long-term durability.

14.4 Concluding remarks.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

0-7503-4596-9