Allergic Asthma Immunopathogenesis : Immunopathology of the Allergic Asthma / Seyyed Shamsadin Athari MPH and Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, editor.

Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Asthma.

Respiratory allergy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (210 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : Academic Press, [2024]

Summary:

This book provides an in-depth examination of allergic asthma, exploring its immunological basis, historical background, and modern treatment strategies. It offers insights into the causes, symptoms, and cellular mechanisms underlying allergic reactions, including the roles of T lymphocytes, cytokines, and immune signaling pathways. The text includes contributions from various experts in the fields of immunology and allergy, aiming to enhance understanding of allergic diseases and their management. It is intended for medical professionals, researchers, and students interested in the latest developments in allergy and asthma research. Generated by AI.

Contents:

Front Cover

Allergic Asthma Immunopathogenesis

Allergic Asthma Immunopathogenesis Immunopathology of the Allergic Asthma

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

One - Immunologic basis of allergies and hyperresponsiveness

1. Historical background of hyperresponsiveness

2. Allergic diseases: An overview

3. Causes of allergic diseases

3.1 Immunologic basis of allergic diseases

3.2 Allergen and types

3.3 Characteristics of allergens

3.4 IgE (main allergy antibody)

3.5 Mediators released by mast cells and basophils

4. Role of T lymphocytes to type I allergen hypersensitivity

5. Conclusions

References

Two - Atopy related biomarkers

1. Nature of the antigen

2. Bronchial hyperreactivity

3. Nervous regulation

4. Pulmonary remodeling

Literature

Three - Histopathology, allergo-inflammation, and pathophysiology of allergic asthma

1. Introduction

2. Histopathology of asthma

2.1 Epithelial desquamation and regeneration

2.2 Goblet cell hyperplasia

2.3 Submucosal gland hypertrophy

2.4 Subepithelial fibrosis or basal membrane thickening

2.5 Inflammatory cell infiltration

2.6 Bronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy

2.7 Vascular changes

3. Pathophysiology of asthma

3.1 Type 2 inflammation in asthma

3.2 Epithelial cell-dendritic cell interactions in asthma

3.3 Adaptive type 2 immunity in asthma

3.4 New factors in asthma

3.5 The role of IgE and B cells in asthma

3.6 The role of eosinophils in asthma

3.7 Non-type 2 asthma

4. Conclusion

Four - Cell signaling pathways in allergic asthma

1.1 Early phase asthmatic reaction (EAR)

1.2 Late phase asthmatic reaction

2. MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory response

3. Role of calcium (Ca2+) in signal transduction pathway.

4. Nrf2-ROS signaling

5. ROS and DAMP in airway inflammation

6. Limitations of cell signaling pathways as therapeutic targets

7. Conclusion

Five - Role of the modern lifestyle in allergic diseases

2. Factors influencing allergies in modern lifestyles

2.1 Improved hygiene

2.2 Relevance of genetic transformations

2.3 External environmental factors

2.3.1 Air pollution

2.3.2 Construction site allergies

2.3.3 Occupational allergies

2.4 Unhealthy diet

2.4.1 Food allergy

2.4.1.1 Typical allergen-containing foods

2.4.1.1.1 Peanuts

2.4.1.1.2 Milk products and milk

2.4.1.1.3 Tree nuts

2.4.1.1.4 Eggs

2.4.1.1.5 Fish and shellfish

2.4.1.1.6 Wheat products

2.4.1.1.7 Soy products

2.4.2 Dietary supplements

2.4.2.1 Antioxidant dietary supplements

2.4.2.2 Lipid usage

2.5 Cosmetics

2.5.1 Cosmetic-associated allergies

2.5.1.1 Photoallergic inflammation of the epidermis

2.5.1.2 Facial stinging

2.5.1.3 Redness

2.5.1.4 Contact-associated dermatitis

2.6 Medicine-induced allergies

2.7 Socioeconomic status

2.8 Indoor environmental exposure and lifestyle

2.8.1 Risk factors in a contemporary home environment

2.8.1.1 Window condensation, moisture issues, and odor acumen

2.8.1.2 Air conditioning ambiance and interior designing

2.8.1.3 Combustion of fuels for domestic use

2.8.1.4 Indoor exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

2.8.1.5 Domestic pet overexposure

2.8.1.6 Pollutants in indoor air (highway vicinity)

3. Conclusions

Acknowledgment

Six - Chemical therapies, immunotherapy, and new treatment strategies for allergic asthma

2. Conventional chemical therapies

2.1 Inhaled corticosteroids

2.2 Short-acting β2-agonists

2.3 Long-acting β2-agonists.

2.4 Leukotriene receptor antagonists

2.5 Muscarinic receptor antagonists

2.6 Theophylline

3. Immunotherapy

3.1 Background

3.2 Allergen immunotherapy

3.2.1 Mechanism of AIT

3.2.2 Subcutaneous immunotherapy

3.2.3 Sublingual immunotherapy

3.2.4 Clinical efficacy of SCIT

3.2.5 Clinical efficacy of SLIT

3.2.6 Head-to-head studies on SCIT and SLIT

3.2.7 Use of SCIT versus SLIT

3.2.8 Oral immunotherapy

3.2.9 Intralymphatic immunotherapy

3.2.10 Epicutaneous immunotherapy

3.2.11 Molecular AIT approach

3.2.11.1 Recombinant wild-type allergens

3.2.11.2 Recombinant hypoallergenic molecules

3.2.11.3 Second generation of recombinant hypoallergens

3.2.11.4 Synthetic hypoallergenic peptides

3.2.11.5 Nucleic acid vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy

3.2.11.6 Cytosine phosphorothioate guanosine conjugates

3.2.11.7 Virus-like nanoparticles

3.3 Biologic drug-based treatments

3.3.1 Anti-IgE therapy in severe asthma

3.3.2 Anti-IL-5 therapy in severe asthma

3.3.3 Anti-IL-13/4 therapy in severe asthma

3.3.4 Antibodies targeting epithelial cytokines (TSLP, IL-33, IL-25)

3.3.5 Targeting cells interacting with ILC2 in asthma

4. New approaches in allergic asthma management

4.1 Toward preventive vaccination

4.2 Toward personalized therapy

5. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Further reading

Seven - Association between T-helper cell-mediated immune response and airway remodeling in allergic asthma

2. Inflammation and remodeling

3. Role of T-helper cells in airway remodeling

3.1 IL-4

3.2 IL-5

3.3 IL-13

3.4 IL-9

3.5 IL-17

3.6 IL-21

3.7 IL-33

3.8 TGF-β

4. Role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in asthmatic airways remodeling

5. Airway epithelial cells as initiators of airway remodeling

6. Conclusion.

References

Eight - Allergic asthma immunopathogenesis

2. What is allergic asthma?

3. Allergic sensitization

4. Transformed pulmonary immunity in asthma

5. Cells (immune cells and airway smooth muscle cells) and mediators of Th2-type chronic inflammation in allergic asthma

5.1 Mast cells

5.2 Basophils

5.3 Eosinophils

5.4 Neutrophils

5.5 Dendritic cells

5.6 T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes

5.7 Other T-helper lymphocytes

5.8 Airway smooth muscle cells

6. Immune cytokines, mediators, and immunoglobulin E

6.1 Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

6.2 Interleukin-5 (IL-5)

6.3 Interleukin-13 (IL-13)

6.4 Interleukin-25 (IL-25)

6.5 Interleukin-33 (IL-33)

6.6 Platelet-activating factor (PAF)

6.7 Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)

7. Leukotrienes

7.1 Leukotriene C4 (LT-C4)

7.2 Leukotriene D4 (LT-D4)

7.3 Leukotriene E4 (LT-E4)

8. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)

9. Histamine

10. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-E

11. Diagnosis

12. Management

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

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Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780443155031

0443155038