Provisional peer-reviewed toxicity values for calcium salts of inorganic phosphates (multiple cASRNs) / Q. Jay Zhao, Robert Mitkus, James A. Weaver.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Zhao, Q. Jay, author.

Mitkus, Robert, author.

Weaver, James A., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Phosphates.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (iv, 48 pages)

Other Title:

Provisional peer-reviewed toxicity values for calcium salts of inorganic phosphates

Place of Publication:

Cincinnati, OH : Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2021.

Summary:

This document addresses the available data on the toxicity of calcium phosphate salts. Calcium phosphate salts are considered in this document separate from the other inorganic phosphates (sodium, potassium, ammonium, and aluminum phosphates) based on the expectation that the presence of calcium would influence the chemistry, toxicokinetics, and/or toxicity of the phosphate salt relative to the other classes of inorganic phosphates. Calcium phosphates are much less soluble than sodium or potassium phosphates (Gilmour, 2019). In addition, interactions between phosphate and calcium occur both in the intestine (where calcium phosphate formation reduces absorption of both ions) and in the kidney (where phosphate decreases urinary calcium excretion) [as reviewed by EFSA (2015)]. There is evidence that the ration of calcium:phosphate (Ca:P) is an important determinant of phosphate toxicity; thus, administration of calcium phosphate might be expected to yield different toxicological effects than administration of sodium or potassium phosphate. The reader is referred to the PPRTV documents for sodium, potassium, ammonium, and aluminum phosphates for assessments of those inorganic phosphate salts.

Contents:

AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS

COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

BACKGROUND

QUALITY ASSURANCE

DISCLAIMERS

QUESTIONS REGARDING PPRTVS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. REVIEW OF POTENTIALLY RELEVANT DATA (NONCANCER AND CANCER)

2.1. HUMAN STUDIES

2.2. ANIMAL STUDIES

2.3. OTHER DATA (SHORT-TERM TESTS, OTHER EXAMINATIONS)

3. DERIVATION OF PROVISIONAL VALUES

3.1. DERIVATION OF PROVISIONAL REFERENCE DOSES

3.2. DERIVATION OF PROVISIONAL REFERENCE CONCENTRATIONS

3.3. SUMMARY OF NONCANCER PROVISIONAL REFERENCE VALUES

3.4. CANCER WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE DESCRIPTOR

3.5. DERIVATION OF CANCER RISK ESTIMATES

APPENDIX A. SCREENING PROVISIONAL VALUES

APPENDIX B. DATA TABLES

APPENDIX C. REFERENCES.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Includes bibliographical references.