Environmental Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Meo, Sultan Ayoub.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pollution.

Type 2 diabetes.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (242 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

San Diego : Elsevier, 2024.

Summary:

This book explores the intricate relationship between environmental pollution and the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Written by Sultan Ayoub Meo, a distinguished professor with extensive experience in physiology and medicine, the book delves into how various pollutants impact human health, particularly focusing on the pancreas and insulin resistance. It addresses diverse types of pollution, such as air, water, and soil, and examines their physiological effects on glucose metabolism and obesity. The author aims to elucidate the complex mechanisms by which environmental factors contribute to the global epidemic of diabetes. Intended for researchers and healthcare professionals, this work combines scientific rigor with a call to address the environmental factors exacerbating this health crisis. Generated by AI.

Contents:

Front Cover

Environmental Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

About the author

Preface

Acknowledgement

1 - Environmental pollution: The dark clouds hovering over our future

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Sources of pollution

1.3 Air pollution

1.4 Water pollution

1.5 Soil pollution

1.6 Noise pollution

1.7 Light pollution

1.8 Thermal pollution

1.9 Radioactive pollution

1.10 Ozone and environmental pollution

1.10.1 Ozone (O3) formation

1.10.2 Ozone and Earth's atmosphere layers

1.10.2.1 The tropospheric ozone

1.10.2.2 The stratospheric ozone

1.10.3 Ozone atmospheric lifetime

1.10.4 Ozone depletion

1.10.5 Ozone layers and health impact

1.10.5.1 Stratospheric ozone (good ozone)

1.10.5.2 Tropospheric ozone (bed ozone)

1.11 Conclusion

References

2 - Environmental pollution: Journey from planet to pancreas

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Particulate matter (PM) pollution

2.3 Environmental pollution journey from country to country

2.4 Pollutants travel from the environment to various body organs

2.4.1 Translocation of pollutants in lungs

2.4.2 Translocation of pollutants from lung to liver

2.4.3 Translocation of PM from the environment to brain and blood circulation

2.4.3.1 The olfactory system route

2.4.3.2 The trigeminal nerve route

2.4.3.3 The circulatory system and BBB route

2.5 Pollutants and blood-brain barrier

2.6 Translocation of pollutants from the lungs to the pancreas

2.7 Conclusions

3 - Environmental pollution: Global morbidity and mortality

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Nitrogen dioxide: Environmental implications and health effects

3.3 Carbon monoxide: A silent killer with deadly consequences.

3.4 Sulfur dioxide (SO2): The toxic cloud and its environmental impact

3.5 Particulate matter (PM): Leading air pollution source

3.5.1 Sources of particulate matter (PM)

3.5.2 Composition of particulate matter

3.5.3 Particulate matter and human health

3.5.4 Particulate matter impact on the environment

3.6 Global morbidity and mortality

3.6.1 Household air pollution and mortality

3.7 Conclusions

4 - Pollution and pancreas: Invisible perils

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Physiology of the pancreas

4.2.1 The exocrine part of the pancreas

4.2.2 The endocrine part of the pancreas

4.3 Pancreatic cells

4.3.1 Alpha (α) cells

4.3.2 Beta cells

4.3.3 Delta (δ) cells

4.3.4 Ghrelin (epsilon cells/ɛ cells)

4.3.5 Pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP cells) or (γ-cells) or F cells

4.4 Environmental pollutant's entry into the pancreas

4.4.1 Inhalation

4.4.2 Ingestion

4.4.3 Direct uptake

4.5 Environmental pollutants accumulation in the pancreas

4.6 Pollution and developing pancreas

4.6.1 Disruption of development

4.6.2 Impaired endocrine function

4.6.3 Increased inflammation

4.6.4 Epigenetic modifications

4.7 Pollution and pancreatic physiology

4.8 Pollutants' impact on pancreas

4.8.1 Oxidative stress

4.8.2 Systemic inflammation

4.8.3 Impaired insulin production and functions

4.8.4 DNA damage

4.8.5 Impaired pancreatic function

4.8.6 Altered gene expression

4.8.7 Increased risk of pancreatic cancer

4.9 Pollution and pancreatic cells dysfunctions

4.10 Conclusions

5 - Environmental pollution and insulin resistance: A silent epidemic in modern society

5.1 Historical background of insulin

5.2 Biology of insulin

5.3 Insulin secretion

5.4 Insulin signaling pathway

5.5 Regulation of insulin signaling.

5.6 Functions of insulin

5.6.1 Role of insulin in the regulation of liver functions

5.6.2 Role of insulin in the regulation of skeletal muscle function

5.6.3 Role of insulin in the regulation of adipose tissue function

5.6.4 Role of insulin in the brain

5.6.5 Role of insulin in bone development

5.7 Environmental pollutants and insulin resistance

5.8 Potential mechanisms of environmental pollutants and insulin resistance

5.9 Conclusions

6 - Environmental pollution and glucose metabolism

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Physiology of glucose metabolism

6.2.1 Glucose uptake

6.2.2 Glycolysis

6.2.3 Pyruvate decarboxylation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle

6.2.4 Gluconeogenesis

6.2.5 Glycogen synthesis and breakdown

6.3 The normal and abnormal blood glucose levels

6.3.1 Fasting blood glucose (before meals or upon waking up)

6.3.2 The normal range for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

6.4 Organs involved in glucose metabolism

6.5 Liver

6.5.1 Glycogenesis

6.5.2 Glycogenolysis

6.5.3 Gluconeogenesis

6.5.4 Glucose output

6.5.5 Insulin and glucagon

6.5.6 Detoxification

6.5.7 Overnight fasting and glucose metabolism

6.6 Pancreas

6.7 Adipose tissue

6.8 Skeletal muscle

6.9 Brain

6.10 Kidneys

6.11 How pollution disturbs the glucose metabolism

6.11.1 Inflammation and oxidative stress

6.11.2 Air pollution and insulin resistance

6.11.3 Influence on beta cells

6.11.4 Alteration of adipose tissue

6.11.5 Mitochondrial dysfunction

6.11.6 Epigenetic modifications

6.11.7 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)

6.12 Conclusions

7 - Environmental pollution and obesity epidemic: The weight of the world

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Global epidemiology and economic impact

7.3 Particulate matter PM2.5 and obesity.

7.4 Particulate matter (PM10) and obesity

7.5 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and obesity

7.6 Ozone (O3) and obesity

7.7 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and obesity

7.8 Carbon monoxide and obesity

7.9 Environmental pollution causal link with obesity: Evidenced-based mechanisms

7.10 Conclusions

8 - Climate change: Temperature, humidity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Diabetes mellitus: Historical and epidemiological aspects

8.3 Climate and type 2 diabetes mellitus

8.4 High temperature, summer weather and diabetes mellitus

8.5 Temperature, dehydration and T2DM

8.6 Physiological response to high temperature and diabetes mellitus

8.7 Cold temperature and T2DM

8.8 Humidity and diabetes mellitus

8.9 Climate change and diabetes mellitus

8.10 Pathophysiology of climate change and diabetes mellitus

8.11 Conclusions

9 - Pollution and pregnancy: Exploring the implications for gestational diabetes mellitus

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Global prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus

9.3 Environmental pollution and gestational diabetes mellitus

9.3.1 Particulate matter PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3 and GDM

9.4 Mechanisms behind air pollutants and GDM

9.4.1 Inflammation and oxidative stress

9.4.2 Endocrine disruption

9.4.3 Placental dysfunction

9.4.4 Epigenetic modifications

9.4.5 Altered gut microbiota

9.5 Pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus

9.5.1 Insulin resistance

9.5.2 Beta cell dysfunction

9.5.3 Increased hepatic glucose production

9.5.4 Adipose tissue dysfunction

9.5.5 Genetic predisposition

9.6 Conclusions

10 - Pollution and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence-based experimental and epidemiological insights

10.1 Introduction

10.2 The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

10.3 Environmental pollution

10.3.1 Particulate matter (PM) and T2DM

10.3.2 Particulate matter (PM2.5) and T2DM

10.3.3 Particulate matter (PM10) and T2DM

10.3.4 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3) and T2DM

10.3.5 Water pollution: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) arsenic (As) and T2DM

10.4 Pathophysiology of environmental pollution and T2DM

10.5 Conclusions

Glossary of terms used in environmental pollution and diabetes mellitus

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

9780443216473

0443216479

OCLC:

1434002909