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Balsam fir : Abies Balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller : a monographic review / [by] E.V. Bakuzis and H.L. Hansen, with contributions by F.H. Kaufert [et al.].
- Format:
- Book
- Author/Creator:
- Bakuzis, Egolfs V. (Egolfs Voldemars)
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Balsam fir.
- Physical Description:
- xix, 445 p. : ill., maps.
- 1 online resource
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C U.S. Dept. of Agriculture 1914
- Language Note:
- English
- Summary:
- Professors Bakuzis and Hansen, with the assistance of a number of co-authors of individual chapters, present an exhaustive survey of the literature on the balsam fir, providing a coherent picture of the species and its place in nature and forestry practic.
- Contents:
- Intro
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 1. BOTANICAL FOUNDATIONS
- Taxonomy and Cytology
- Historical Records and Nomenclature
- Taxonomic Units and Identification
- Cytology
- Life Cycle, Morphology, and Anatomy
- Life Cycle
- General Morphological Description
- Leaf Anatomy
- Wood Anatomy
- Bark Anatomy
- Physiology and Genetics
- Photosynthesis and Respiration
- Vegetative Growth
- Flowering and Seed Production
- Phenology
- Growth Correlations
- Genetic Variability and Tree Breeding
- Hybridization
- Vegetative Propagation
- Conclusions
- 2. GEOGRAPHY AND SYNECOLOGY
- Distribution
- Past Distribution
- Contemporary Natural Distribution
- Distribution outside the Natural Range
- Geographical and Synecological Classification and Models
- Regional Classifications and Mapping
- Schools of Thought and the Development of Models
- Geographical and Synecological Descriptions of Regions
- The Boreal Forest Region
- The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region
- The Acadian-Appalachian Forest Region
- 3. ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
- Ecological Models
- Wisconsin Models
- Saskatchewan-Manitoba Models
- New Brunswick Models
- Minnesota Models
- Climatic Factors
- Heat
- Light
- Precipitation
- Wind
- Fire
- Edaphic Factors
- Physical Properties of Soil
- Chemical Properties of Soil
- Wildlife: A Biotic Factor
- General Ecological and Taxonomic Problems,
- Moose and Woodland Caribou
- White-Tailed Deer
- Hares
- Mice
- Red Squirrels
- Beaver
- Porcupine
- Bear
- Grouse
- Other Birds
- 4. MICROBIOLOGY
- Microorganisms Involved
- Miscellaneous Microorganisms
- Fungi Associated with Balsam Fir
- Fungi Involved in Symbiotic and Other Relationships
- Seedling and Sapling Diseases
- Young Seedling Diseases
- Needle Casts and Blights
- Rusts
- Cankers
- Decay
- Decay of Living Trees.
- Decay of Injured, Dead, and Down Trees, and Wood Products
- Descriptions of the Principal Heart Rot Fungi
- 5. ENTOMOLOGY
- Taxonomic and Ecological Problems
- Taxonomic Survey
- General Ecological Relationships
- Spruce Budworm
- Historical Records
- Bionomics
- Predators and Parasites
- Conditions Associated with Outbreaks
- Effects of Outbreaks
- Population Dynamics and Surveys
- Control
- Balsam Woolly Aphid
- Life History
- Other Associated Insects
- Primary Insects
- Secondary Insects
- 6. REPRODUCTION
- Seed and Seedbeds
- Seed Characteristics and Procurement
- Seedbeds and Seedling Survival
- Reproduction Methods
- Advance and Subsequent Reproduction
- Reproduction Cuts
- Effect of Logging on Reproduction
- Promotion of Natural Reproduction
- Seeding and Planting
- Regional Problems
- Boreal Forest Region
- Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region
- Acadian-Appalachian Forest Region
- 7. STAND DEVELOPMENT
- Virgin Conditions and Natural Disturbances
- Undisturbed Virgin Conditions
- Natural Disturbances
- Cleaning
- Competition in Seedling and Sapling Stages
- Mechanical Control of Competing Vegetation
- Chemical Control of Competing Vegetation
- Thinning
- Stand Structure
- Thinning in One-Storied Stands
- Thinning in Two-Storied Stands
- Girdling
- Chemical Thinning
- Clearcutting and Partial Cutting
- Clearcutting
- Release and Exposure
- Cutting Cycle
- Selective Cutting of Conifers
- Cut of Conifers and Hardwoods
- 8. GROWTH AND YIELD
- Tree Form, Tree Volume, and Stand Volume
- Stem Form
- Stem Volume
- Use of Aerial Photographs
- Unused and Defective Material
- Yield Tables
- Measurement of Site
- Normal Yield Tables
- Special-Use Yield Tables
- Regional Growth and Yield Data.
- Area Distribution
- Growing Stock
- Yield and Growth per Acre
- 9. UTILIZATION
- Wood Properties
- Physical Properties
- Mechanical Properties
- Chemical Composition
- Pulping Properties
- Groundwood or Mechanical Pulping
- Chemical Pulping
- Semichemical Pulping
- Lumber and Pulpwood Products
- Harvest and Procurement
- Lumber
- Pulpwood
- Minor Products
- Bark Properties and Uses
- Canada Balsam
- Needle Oils
- Miscellaneous Uses and Values
- Christmas Trees
- Ornamental and Recreational Use
- APPENDIX I. A TENTATIVE LIST OF MYXOMYCETES AND FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH BALSAM FIR
- APPENDIX II. A TENTATIVE LIST OF INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH BALSAM FIR
- LITERATURE CITED
- INDEX
- PART I. GENERAL
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Y
- Z
- PART II. SPECIES
- X
- PART III. COMMUNITIES
- PART IV. LOCALITIES
- Y.
- Notes:
- Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
- Description based on print version record.
- Includes bibliographical references (p. 368-415) and index.
- ISBN:
- 9780816657018
- 0816657017
- OCLC:
- 233035135
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