The Jews of Hungary History, Culture, Psychology / Raphael Patai.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Patai, Raphael, 1910-

Contributor:

Project Muse, Content Provider.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Jews--Hungary--History.

Jews.

Hungary--Ethnic relations.

Hungary.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (730 p. :) ill. ;

Manufacture:

Baltimore, Md. : Project MUSE, 2016

Place of Publication:

Detroit : Wayne State University Press, 1996.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The Jews of Hungary is the first comprehensive history in any language of the unique Jewish community that has lived in the Carpathian Basin for eighteen centuries, from Roman times to the present. Noted historian and anthropologist Raphael Patai, himself a native of Hungary, tells in this pioneering study the fascinating story of the struggles, achievements, and setbacks that marked the flow of history for the Hungarian Jews. He traces their seminal role in Hungarian politics, finance, industry, science, medicine, arts, andliterature, and their surprisingly rich contributions to Jewish scholarship and religious leadership both inside Hungary and in the Western world. In the early centuries of their history Hungarian Jews left no written works, so Patai had to piece together a picture of their life up to the sixteenth century based on documents and reports written by non-Jewish Hungarians and visitors from abroad. Once Hungarian Jewish literary activity began, the sources covering the life and work of the Jews rapidly increased in richness. Patai made full use of the wealth of information contained in the monumental eighteen-volume series of the Hungarian Jewish Archives and the other abundant primary sources available in Latin, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Yiddish, and Turkish, the languages in vogue in various periods among the Jews of Hungary. In his presentation of the modern period he also examined theliterary reflection of Hungarian Jewish life in the works of Jewish and non-Jewish Hungarian novelists, poets, dramatists, andjournalists.Patai's main focus within the overall history of the Hungarian Jews is their culture and their psychology. Convinced that what is most characteristic of a people is the culture which endows its existence with specific coloration, he devotes special attention to the manifestations of Hungarian Jewish talent in the various cultural fields, most significantly literature, the arts, and scholarship. Based on the available statistical data Patai shows that from the nineteenth century, in all fields ofHungarian culture, Jews played leading roles not duplicated in any other country. Patai also shows that in the Hungarian Jewish culture a specific set of psychological motivations had a highly significant function. The Hungarian national character trait of emphatic patriotism was present in an even more fervent form in the Hungarian Jewish mind. Despite their centuries-old struggle against anti-Semitism, and especially from the nineteenth century on, Hungarian Jews remained convinced that they were one hundred percent Hungarians, differing in nothing but denominational variation from the Catholic and Protestant Hungarians. This mindset kept them apart and isolated from the Jewries of the Western world until overtaken by the tragedy of the Holocaust in the closing months of World War II.

Contents:

Cover

Half-title

Title

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

1. The Jews in Roman Pannonia and Dacia

2. Medieval Origins and the Khazar Question

3. After the Magyar Conquest

4. The Jews in Early Hungarian Law (Eleventh to Thirteenth Centuries)

5. Expulsion and Recall (Fourteenth Century)

6. The Jew Judge and the "Perfidious Jews" (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries)

7. From Sigismund to Matthias (1385-1490)

8. The Jewish Prefects: The Mendels (1475-1531)

9. The First Scholars and the First Blood Libel (Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries)

10. Jewish Physicians in the Fourteenth to Eighteenth Centuries

11. Jewish Criminals in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries

12. Emericus Fortunatus (Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries)

13. Transylvania and the Sabbatarians (Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries)

14. The Jews in Turkish-Occupied Hungary (1526-1686)

15. The Jews in Royal Hungary (1526-1686)

16. The Jews in Reunited Hungary (1686-1740)

17. Jewish Women in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries

18. Conversions in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

19. The Jews Under Maria Theresa (1740-80)

20. The Jews Under Joseph II (1780-90)

21. The Theben Story (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries)

22. Early Struggles for Emancipation (1790-1848)

23. Religious Reform (1798-1852)

24. New Horizons (1800-48)

Writers and Literary Historians

Editors and Journalists

Artists and Scholars

Physicians and Lawyers

Industrialists and Merchants

Financiers and Bankers

Limited Rights

25. The Patriotic Imperative (1800-48)

26. The 1848 Revolution

27. Neoabsolutism I: The Harsh Years (1849-59)

28. Neoabsolutism II: The Moderate Years (1860-67)

29. Emancipation, Congress, and Schism (1867-69).

30. Zionism: Precursors, Founders, Opponents (1839-97)

31. Istóczy and Tiszaeszlár

32. The Fin de Siècle and Its Aftermath I: Economy and Society

The Recepció

Jews and Labor

The Jews in Finance and Industry

Conversion and the Úri Class

The Closed Door

Dueling and Sports

Ennoblement

33. The Fin de Stècle and Its Aftermath II: Explorers and Scholars

The Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Orientalists: Vámbèry, Goldziher, Kúnos, and Munkácsi

Jewish Studies

34. The Fin de Siècle and Its Aftermath III: Literature, Criticism, and the Arts

Writers and Poets

Critics

Sociologists

Artists

35. Demography and Occupations (1890-1920)

36. Zionism and Anti-Semitism in the Early Twentieth Century

37. World War I and the Communist Interlude

38. The White Terror and the Numerus Clausus

39. The Interwar Years

Poets View the Jews

The Jewish Stereotype

The New Anti-Semitism and National Politics

Internal Jewish Life-Zionism

The Jew as the New "Other

The Gömbös and Darányi Years

The Jews in Industry

The Performing Arts

Writers at Home and Abroad

The Brain Drain

The Question of Hungarian Jewish Literature

40. The First and Second Jewish Laws (1938-39)

41. World War II (1939-45)

42. The Hungarian Holocaust: The Beginnings

43. The Destruction of Provincial Jewry

44. How Half of Budapest Jewry Was Saved

45. Liberation

46. Old Trends and the Post-Holocaust Stance

Community Character

Magyarizing German Names

Outmarriages, Conversions, Emigration

Silence Imposed

Marranism Hungarian-Style

Concluding Comments

47. Under Communist Rule

48. Reconstruction

Statistics: Data Known and Unknown

Cultural Revival

Jewish Education

A New Self-Definition

The Reemergence of Anti-Semitism

Appendix: Post-Holocaust Jewish Authors.

Bibliography

Index

Comments and Corrections by Miklos Szabolcsi.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 675-701) and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780814341926

0814341926

OCLC:

927384678