Wildland Recreation : Ecology and Management.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hammitt, William E.

Contributor:

Cole, David N.

Monz, Christopher A.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Wilderness areas--Recreational use--United States--Management.

Wilderness areas -- Recreational use -- United States -- Management.

Wilderness areas--Environmental aspects--United States.

Wilderness areas -- Environmental aspects -- United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (326 pages)

Edition:

3rd ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2015.

Summary:

The authoritative guide to understanding and managing the ecological impacts of recreational activities in wildlands This third edition provides an updated and thorough examination of the ecological impacts of recreational use on wildlands and the best management practices to employ in places where recreation and preservation of natural conditions are both important - and often conflicting - objectives. Covering the latest research, this edition provides detailed information about the environmental changes that result from recreational use. It describes spatial patterns of impact and trends over time, then explores the factors that determine magnitude of impact, including amount of use, type and behavior of use, and environmental durability. Numerous examples, drawn from parks and recreation areas around the world, give readers insight into why certain areas are more heavily damaged than others, and demonstrate the techniques available to mitigate damage. The book incorporates both the first-hand experience of the authors and an exhaustive review of the world's literature on the subject. Boxes provide quick access to important material, and further resources are referenced in an extensive bibliography. Essential reading for all park and protected area management professionals, this book is also a useful textbook for upper division undergraduate and graduate students on recreation ecology and recreation management courses.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface

About the Companion Website

Part I Introduction

Chapter 1 Wildland Recreation and Resource Impacts

1.1 What is Wildland Recreation?

1.2 What is Recreation Resource Impact?

1.3 Ecological Impacts of Wildland Recreation

1.4 Recreation Ecology

1.5 The Importance of Ecological Impacts

1.6 The Manager's Role

1.7 Recreational Capacities

1.8 Themes of this Book

References

Part II Impacts to Resource Components

Chapter 2 Soil

2.1 Basic Soil Ecology

2.1.1 What is soil?

2.1.2 Soil texture and structure

2.1.3 Pore space

2.1.4 Bulk density

2.1.5 The soil profile

2.2 Effects of Recreation on Soils

2.2.1 Organic matter

2.2.2 Profile truncation

2.2.3 Soil compaction

2.2.4 Macroporosity and infiltration rate

2.2.5 Soil moisture

2.3 Soil Erosion

2.3.1 Erosion as a natural process

2.3.2 Recreation and erosion

2.3.3 Other soil impacts

2.3.4 Impacts associated with campfires

2.4 Summary

Chapter 3 Vegetation

3.1 Vegetation Impact Parameters

3.1.1 Amount of vegetation

3.1.2 Species composition and other properties

3.1.3 Tree condition

3.2 Understanding Vegetation Impacts

3.2.1 Ground cover

3.2.2 Shrubs and saplings

3.2.3 Mature trees

3.3 Summary

Chapter 4 Wildlife

4.1 Recreation Influences on Wildlife Responses

4.2 Wildlife Responses to Recreation

4.3 Human-Wildlife Interactions

4.4 Recreation-Wildlife Impacts

4.4.1 Animal disturbance and harassment

4.4.2 Harvest

4.4.3 Habitat modification

4.4.4 Alteration of behavior

4.4.5 Species displacement and reproduction level

4.4.6 Species composition and structure

4.5 Impacts on Wildlife Species

4.5.1 Large mammals

4.5.2 Medium-sized animals

4.5.3 Small animals.

4.5.4 Fish

4.6 Summary

Chapter 5 Water

5.1 Dispersed Recreation and Water Impacts

5.2 Basic Water Ecology

5.2.1 Water temperature and flow

5.2.2 Dissolved oxygen

5.2.3 Nutrient influx

5.2.4 Coliform bacteria and other pathogens

5.3 Backcountry Camping and Drinking Sources

5.4 Solid Waste and Foreign Materials

5.5 Suspended Matter and Turbidity

5.6 Summary

Part III Impact patterns and trends

Chapter 6 Impact Patterns

6.1 Spatial Patterns of Impact

6.1.1 Impact zone

6.1.2 Intersite zone

6.1.3 Buffer zone

6.2 Impact Patterns at Multiple Spatial Scales

6.3 Temporal Patterns of Impacts

6.4 Recovery Rates of Resources

6.5 Summary

Chapter 7 Trends in Wildland Recreation

7.1 Use and Impacts

7.2 Early, Recent, and Projected Outdoor Recreation Use

7.3 Trends in Wildland and Wilderness Use

7.4 Trends in Wildland and Wilderness Users

7.4.1 Conclusions drawn from trend synthesis

7.5 Trends in Wildland Impacts

7.5.1 Trail impact trends

7.5.2 Campsite impact trends

7.6 Summary

Part IV Factors affecting impacts

Chapter 8 Environmental Durability

8.1 Vegetation

8.2 Soil Characteristics

8.3 Topographic Characteristics

8.4 Ecosystem Characteristics

8.4.1 Wildlife

8.5 Aquatic Environments

8.6 Season of Use

8.7 Map-Based Analysis Approaches

8.8 Summary

Chapter 9 Visitor Use and Behavior

9.1 Amount of Use

9.2 Use Distribution

9.2.1 Type of use

9.3 Party size

9.4 User behavior

9.4.1 Minimum impact knowledge

9.4.2 Experience level

9.4.3 User motivation

9.4.4 Social group and structure

9.5 Place Bonding

9.6 Mode of Travel

9.6.1 Snowmobiles, skis, and snowboards

9.6.2 Motorboats, personal watercraft, and nonmotorized boats.

9.6.3 Off-road vehicles, mountain bikes, stock, and foot travel

9.7 Summary

Part V Management alternatives

Chapter 10 Strategies and Concepts of Management

10.1 General Principles

10.2 Planning for Management

10.2.1 Recreation opportunity spectrum

10.2.2 A visitor use management framework

10.3 Management of Problems

10.3.1 Strategic purpose

10.3.2 Types of undesirable visitor actions

10.3.3 Types of management approaches

Chapter 11 Monitoring Recreational Impacts

11.1 Camp and Picnic Sites

11.1.1 Photographs

11.1.2 Condition class estimates

11.1.3 Multiple parameter systems

11.2 Trails and Roads

11.2.1 Samples at fixed locations

11.2.2 Rapid survey samples

11.2.3 Census techniques

11.2.4 Informal trails

11.2.5 Roads and off-road vehicle trails

11.3 Water Bodies

11.4 Wildlife

11.5 Developing a Monitoring System

Chapter 12 Visitor Management

12.1 Use Limits

12.2 Length of Stay Limits

12.3 Dispersal of Use

12.4 Concentration of Use

12.5 Restrictions on Type of Use

12.6 Group Size Limits

12.7 Low Impact Education

12.7.1 Message content

12.7.2 Effective communication

12.8 Seasonal Limitations on Use

12.9 Campfire Management Alternatives

12.10 Visitor Information Needed to Manage Recreation Impacts

Chapter 13 Site Management

13.1 Locating Use on Resistant Sites

13.2 Permanent Closures

13.3 Temporary Site Closures

13.4 Influencing Spatial Distribution of Use

13.5 Site Hardening and Shielding

13.6 Rehabilitation of Closed Sites

Chapter 14 Air, Sound and Technology: New Issues for Recreation Ecology

14.1 Air Quality

14.1.1 Within-park emissions

14.1.2 Importance of air pollution

14.1.3 Night sky light visibility

14.1.4 Summary and solutions.

14.2 Natural Soundscapes

14.2.1 Understanding soundscapes and key ecological concerns

14.2.2 Impacts of noise on visitor experiences in wildlands

14.2.3 Assessment and monitoring of soundscapes

14.2.4 Summary and solutions

14.3 Technology

14.3.1 Improved technology

14.3.2 New recreational activities

14.3.3 Electronic technology

14.3.4 Summary and solutions

Part VI Conclusion

Chapter 15 A Lasting Impact

15.1 Wildland Recreation and Resource Impacts: Necessities

15.2 Understanding the Resource

15.3 Environment and Visitor Influences

15.4 Some Management Tools

15.5 New Issues and Knowledge

15.6 Lasting into the Future

Index

EULA.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Hammitt, William E. Wildland Recreation

ISBN:

9781118397039

OCLC:

904743609