Natural and Synthetic Biomedical Polymers.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kum bar, Sangamesh G.

Contributor:

Laurencin, Cato.

Deng, Meng.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biopolymers.

Biodegradable plastics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (421 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2014.

Contents:

Front Cover

Natural and Synthetic Biomedical Polymers

Copyright

Contents

Dedication

Contributors

Foreword

Chapter 1: Polymer Synthesis and Processing

1.1 . Introduction

1.2 . Types of Polymerization

1.2.1 . Addition Polymerization

1.2.2 . Condensation Polymerization

1.2.3 . Metathesis Polymerization

1.3 . Techniques of Polymerization

1.3.1 . Solution Polymerization

1.3.2 . Bulk (Mass) Polymerization

1.3.3 . Suspension Polymerization

1.3.4 . Precipitation Polymerization

1.3.5 . Emulsion Polymerization

1.4 . Polymers: Properties, Synthesis, and Their Biomedical Applications

1.4.1 . Polycaprolactone

1.4.2 . Polyethylene Glycol

1.4.3 . Polyurethane

1.4.4 . Polydioxanone or Poly- p -Dioxanone

1.4.5 . Polymethyl Methacrylate

1.4.6 . Polyglycolic Acid or Polyglycolide

1.4.7 . Polylactic Acid or Polylactide

1.4.8 . Polylactic- co -Glycolic Acid

1.4.9 . Polyhydroxybutyrate

1.4.10 . Polycyanoacrylates

1.4.11 . Polyvinylpyrrolidone

1.4.12 . Chitosan

1.4.13 . Gelatin

1.4.14 . Carrageenan

1.4.15 . Hyaluronic Acid

1.4.16 . Xanthan Gum

1.4.17 . Acacia Gum

1.4.18 . Alginate

1.5 . Processing of Polymers for Biomedical Devices

1.5.1 . Fabrication of Polymer Films

1.5.1.1 . Solution Casting

1.5.1.2 . Melt Pressing

1.5.1.3 . Melt Extrusion

1.5.1.4 . Bubble Blown Method

1.5.2 . Spinning Industrial Polymers

1.5.2.1 . Solution Spinning

1.5.2.1.1 . Wet Spinning

1.5.2.1.2 . Electrospinning

1.5.2.1.3 . Dry Spinning

1.5.2.1.4 . Melt Spinning

1.5.3 . Fabrication of Shaped Polymer Objects

1.5.3.1 . Compression Molding

1.5.3.2 . Injection Molding

1.5.3.3 . Reaction Injection Molding

1.5.3.4 . Blow Molding

1.5.3.5 . Extrusion Molding

1.5.4 . Calendaring

1.6 . Future Perspectives

1.7 . Conclusions.

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2: Hierarchical Characterization of Biomedical Polymers

2.1 . Introduction

2.2 . The Hierarchical Characterization Approach

2.3 . Bulk Characterization

2.3.1 . Thermal Properties

2.3.2 . Mechanical Properties

2.3.3 . Optical Properties

2.3.4 . Electrical Properties

2.4 . Surface Characterization

2.4.1 . Microscopic Characterization

2.4.2 . Surface Hydrophobicity

2.4.3 . Spectroscopic Characterization

2.5 . Future Prospects

Chapter 3: Proteins and Poly(Amino Acids)

3.1 . Introduction

3.2 . Fibrin-Based Biomaterials

3.3 . Elastin-Based Biomaterials

3.4 . Silk-Based Biomaterials

3.5 . Collagen-Based Biomaterials

3.6 . Poly(glutamic Acid)-Based Biomaterials

3.7 . Cyanophycin and Poly(Aspartic Acid)-Based Biomaterials

3.8 . Poly- l -Lysine-Based Biomaterials

3.9 . Conclusions and Future Work

Chapter 4: Natural Polymers: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives for Biomedical Applications

4.1 . Introduction

4.2 . Hyaluronic Acid

4.2.1 . Chemical Structure, Properties, and Sources

4.2.2 . Attempts Made in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

4.2.2.1 . HA Alone

4.2.2.2 . HA Derivatives and Combinations with Other Polymers

4.2.3 . Promises and Challenges with HA

4.3 . Chondroitin Sulfate

4.3.1 . Chemical Structure, Properties, and Sources

4.3.2 . Attempts Made in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

4.3.2.1 . CS Alone

4.3.2.2 . CS Derivatives and Combination with Other Polymers

4.3.3 . Promises and Challenges with CS

4.4 . Chitin and Chitosan

4.4.1 . Chemical Structure, Properties, and Sources

4.4.2 . Attempts Made in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

4.4.2.1 . Chitosan Alone

4.4.2.2 . Chitosan Derivatives and Combination with Other Polymers.

4.4.2.2.1 . Introduction of Sugars

4.4.2.2.2 . Graft Polymerization

4.4.2.2.3 . Immobilization of Specific Sequences

4.4.2.2.4 . Production of Nanofibers

4.4.2.2.5 . Thermal Gelation

4.4.3 . Promises and Challenges with Chitosan in Tissue Engineering

4.5 . Alginic Acid

4.5.1 . Chemical Structure, Properties, and Sources

4.5.2 . Attempts Made in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

4.5.2.1 . Alginate Alone

4.5.2.2 . Alginate Derivatives and Combinations with Other Polymers

4.5.3 . Promises and Challenges with Alginates in Tissue Engineering

4.6 . Cellulose

4.6.1 . Chemical Structure, Properties, and Sources

4.6.2 . Attempts Made in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

4.6.2.1 . Cellulose Alone

4.6.2.2 . Cellulose Derivatives and Combination with Other Polymers

4.6.2.2.1 . Cellulose Esters

4.6.2.2.2 . Cellulose Ethers

4.6.2.2.3 . Sillyl Cellulose

4.6.2.2.4 . Cellulose Sulfonates

4.6.2.2.5 . Aminocellulose

4.6.2.2.6 . Resinification of Cellulose

4.6.2.2.7 . Graft Polymerization of Cellulose

4.6.3 . Promises and Challenges with Cellulose

4.7 . Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Chapter 5: Chitosan as a Biomaterial: Structure, Properties, and Applications in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

5.1 . Introduction

5.2 . Chitosan Chemistry

5.2.1 . Synthesis

5.2.2 . Modification

5.3 . Chitosan Physics

5.3.1 . Physical Properties and Characterization

5.3.1.1 . Degree of Deacetylation

5.3.1.2 . Molecular Weight

5.3.1.3 . Solubility

5.3.2 . Structure and Property Relationship

5.4 . Biological Properties of Chitosan

5.4.1 . Biodegradability

5.4.2 . Biocompatibility

5.4.3 . Antimicrobial Activity

5.5 . Chitosan Application in Tissue Engineering

5.5.1 . Scaffold Fabrication Techniques.

5.5.2 . Chitosan-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

5.5.2.1 . Bone

5.5.2.2 . Cartilage

5.5.2.3 . Skin

5.5.2.4 . Intervertebral Disc

5.5.2.5 . Other Soft Tissues

5.6 . Chitosan Application in Drug Delivery

5.7 . Conclusions

Chapter 6: Poly( α -ester)s

6.1 . Advantages of Absorbable Poly( α -Ester)s

6.2 . Polylactides, Polyglycolides, and Copolymers Thereof

6.2.1 . Structure and Characteristics

6.2.2 . Processing

6.3 . Bacterial and Other Recombinant Polyesters

6.3.1 . Structure and Characteristics

6.3.2 . Processing

Chapter 7: Polyurethanes

7.1 . Introduction

7.2 . Synthesis and Characterization

7.2.1 . Synthesis

7.2.2 . Characterization

7.3 . Impact of Composition on Polyurethane Properties

7.3.1 . Poly(Ether Urethanes)

7.3.2 . Poly(Carbonate Urethanes)

7.3.3 . Poly(Ether Ester Urethanes)

7.3.4 . Poly(Siloxane Urethanes)

7.3.5 . Polyurethane and Natural Polymers

7.3.6 . Polyurethane Composites

7.3.7 . Surface-Modified Polyurethanes

7.4 . Phase Separation Behavior

7.5 . Calcification

7.6 . Polyurethane Applications

7.6.1 . Drug Delivery

7.6.2 . Tissue Engineering

7.6.3 . Polyurethane Medical Devices

7.7 . Conclusion

Chapter 8: Poly(Ester Amide)s: Recent Developments on Synthesis and Applications

8.1 . Introduction

8.2 . Synthesis of PEAs

8.3 . Design of PEAs with a Given Microstructure

8.3.1 . Hyperbranched PEAs

8.4 . Liquid Crystals and Rigid-Chain PEAs

8.5 . PEAs from Renewable Sources

8.5.1 . Carbohydrate Derivatives

8.5.2 . PEAs from Vegetable Oils and Fatty Diacids

8.5.3 . PEAs Derived from α -Amino Acids and Their Applications in the Biomedical Field

8.6 . Miscellaneous Applications of PEAs.

8.6.1 . Scaffolds from Electroactive Samples and Electrospun Nanofibers

8.6.2 . High-Performance Materials

8.6.3 . Optical Properties

8.6.4 . Composites and Nanocomposites Based on PEAs

8.7 . Conclusions

Chapter 9: Progress in Functionalized Biodegradable Polyesters

9.1 . Introduction

9.1.1 . Background

9.1.2 . Biocompatibility and Biodegradability Aspects

9.1.3 . Need for Functionalization

9.1.4 . Concepts of Polymerization and Functionalization

9.2 . Functionalized Polyesters

9.2.1 . Polylactide and Polyglycolide

9.2.1.1 . General Aspects of Lactide Monomer and Lactide Polymerization

9.2.1.2 . Chain-End Functionalization of PLA

9.2.1.3 . Functionalization of PLA via Copolymerization

9.2.1.4 . Postpolymerization Functionalization of PLA

9.2.1.5 . PGA and PLGA Copolymers

9.2.2 . Polycaprolactone

9.2.2.1 . General Aspects of PCL Polymerization

9.2.2.2 . Functionalization of PCL at the Chain End

9.2.2.3 . Functionalization of PCL via Block Copolymerization

9.2.2.4 . Functionalization of PCL via Statistical Copolymerization

9.2.2.5 . Postpolymerization Functionalization of PCL

9.2.2.6 . Combinatorial Strategies

9.2.3 . Other Polyesters

Chapter 10: Polyanhydrides

10.1 . History of Polyanhydrides

10.2 . Properties of Polyanhydrides

10.2.1 . Distinctive Features and Limitations

10.2.2 . Thermal Properties

10.2.3 . Solubility

10.2.4 . Mechanical Properties

10.2.5 . Stability

10.3 . Synthesis of Polyanhydrides

10.3.1 . Melt Condensation

10.3.2 . Solution Polymerization

10.3.3 . Dehydrative Coupling

10.3.4 . Ring-Opening Polymerization

10.4 . Classes of Polyanhydrides

10.4.1 . Conventional Polyanhydrides

10.4.1.1 . Aliphatic Polyanhydrides

10.4.1.2 . Unsaturated Polyanhydrides.

10.4.1.3 . Aromatic Polyanhydrides.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Kum bar, Sangamesh G. Natural and Synthetic Biomedical Polymers

ISBN:

9780123972903

OCLC:

868960043