Genomes, Evolution, and Culture : Past, Present, and Future of Humankind.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Herrera, Rene J.

Contributor:

Garcia-Bertrand, Ralph.

Salzano, Francisco M.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Human genome.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (267 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2016.

Contents:

Genomes, Evolution,and CulturePast, Present, and Futureof Humankind

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: The history of human evolutionary genetics

World views

Science and philosophy

The biology of mankind: anatomy and physiology in a historical context (up to the 16th century)

Beginnings of the present scientific model

Biological evolution and genetic foundations: the brilliant quartet

Nineteenth century: cytology, embryology, and reproduction

Twentieth century, the century of genetics

The synthetic theory of evolution

Bacterial and molecular genetics

Parallel developments: paleoanthropology

Technical and methodological developments

Conclusions

Review questions and exercises

References

Chapter 2: The human genome: structure, function, and variation

Science, politics, and ethics

Structural aspects

Normal and abnormal phenotype distribution

Function

Sex chromosomes

Paleogenomics

Variability: mtDNA

Nuclear variability

Exomes and proteomes

Selection or drift? History

Selection or drift? Methods

Selection or drift? Analyses

Nervous system and culture

Chapter 3: Population structure

DNA-based marker systems

SNPs, STRs, and Indels as DNA markers

SNPs

STRs

Indels

Population genetic tools for analyzing population structure

Forces affecting population dynamics, structure, and evolution

Selection

Genetic drift

Migration and founder effect

Isolation and inbreeding

Nonrandom mating

Bottlenecks

Admixture

Applications of population genetics

Introduction

Medicine

Pharmacogenetics

DNA fingerprinting

From populations to races and species

Chapter 4: Genetic variability

On the nature of variability.

Mechanisms responsible for generating genetic variability

Randomness of mutations

Inheritance and environment

Selection works on the phenotype

The impact of selection

Cultural expressions as markers of ancestry

Congruency among marker systems

Does junk DNA exist?

How genetic diversity is studied?

Epigenetic diversity

Chapter 5: Gene and genomic dynamics

Molecular evidence for punctuated equilibrium and gradualism

Next-generation sequencing

Genetic variation

Variation, population structure, and effective population size

Recombination and its effect on variation

Linkage equilibrium and disequilibrium

Forces leading to linkage disequilibrium

Linkage disequilibrium and SNP haplotypes

Linkage disequilibrium in humans

Genome structural variations

CNV classifications and formation mechanisms

Methods used to detect CNVs

CNVs associated with human phenotypes

CNVs and evolution

CNV in primates

Chromosome rearrangements and selfish genetic elements

Transposable elements

Population dynamics of transposable elements

Transposons in human evolution

Selfish genetic elements in evolution

Genome-wide association studies

Concerns over the effective use of GWAS

Chapter 6: Human origins and early diasporas

The on switch to humanity

Pennants of recent human evolution

The East African Ridge

Bipedalism

The human brain

A genetic spurt

Early hominins

Emerging themes and variations in hominin evolution

Australopithecines

Homo naledi

Homo erectus

Homo neanderthalensis

Denisovans

The first hominin migrants

Homo antecessor and Homo heidelbergensis

The emergence of modern humans

The Saharan pump.

Early migrations

Neanderthals prevailed

Possible coexistence of modern humans and Neanderthals in the Levant

Behavioral differences between Neanderthals and modern humans

Habitation

Hunting strategies

Burial practices

Neanderthals prevailed in the Levant

Chapter 7: Culture

Concept

Origin and development

Factors that could condition cultural evolution

Biology-culture interaction

Language

Domestication

Art

Free will, morality, and religion

Chapter 8: Health and disease

Hopes and reality

Concept of health and methods of study

Darwinian medicine

Parent-offspring conflict

Pathogen history

Evolution of infectious diseases

DNA damage, mutagenesis, and teratogenesis

What is better, more or less gene product?

Genetic manipulation of animals to study health and disease

Reproductive fitness and health

Consanguinity

Violence

Cancer

Degenerative diseases

Ecogenetics, pharmacogenetics, and pharmacogenomics

Detection of genetic diseases

Genetic counseling

Treatment

Chapter 9: Recent human evolution: an integrative approach

Recent human evolution

Out of Africa

The Levant versus the Horn of Africa

Via the Horn of Africa

Across the Nile corridor

Genetic data

More recent migrations across the north and south corridors

Back to Africa

Beyond Arabia

The colonization of Australia

Modern humans in Europe and America

The Asian agricultural revolution and the Austronesian expansion

Two major human dispersals populated the Pacific Ocean

An agriculture-driven migration

Linguistic evidence

Cultural parallelisms

The motivation.

Evidence from plants and animals

Biological markers of human dispersal

Dogs

Pigs

Chickens

Rats

Contacts between South America and Polynesia

Polynesian chickens in Chile and South American sweet potatoes in Polynesia

Native American DNA in Easter Island

Chapter 10: Bioethics: consequences and implications of genetic technology on human evolution

Social and biological evolution

Overview of ethics and philosophical influences on Western ethics

Socrates

Aristotle

John Locke

Immanuel Kant

Jeremy Bentham

John Stuart Mill

John Rawls

Robert Nozick

Michael Sandel

Evolution of ethics and morality

The history and beginning of modern-day bioethics

Reproductive technologies and the new eugenics: unnatural selection?

Enhancement through IVF, PGD, and CRISPR

Ethical issues associated with medical technology

Gene therapy

Stem cell therapy

Biosimilars

Genetic privacy

Genetic testing

DNA profiling

Chapter 11: Future of human evolution

Gene and culture coevolution

Life expectancy and population growth: past, present, and future

Mutation rates and future evolution

The evolution of new genes

Climate change

Diet

Sex selection

Artificial selection

Transhumanism and artificial intelligence

Appendix

General information and bibliography

What is bioinformatics?

Example 1. Differences in aligning amino acid sequences.

Using a bioinformatics database

Computer instructions

Exercise 1

Exercise 2. Identification of amino acid sequences.

Exercise 3. Alignment of two sequences.

Aligning multiple sequences.

Exercise 4. Aligning multiple sequences and creating phylogenetic tree.

Creating a phylogenetic tree

Exercise 4. Aligning multiple sequences and creating phylogenetic tree (continued).

Using protein structure repository

Exercise 5. Working with protein 3D structures.

Visualizing protein structure

Exercise 5. Working with protein 3D structures (continued).

Exercise 6. BLAST search.

Exercise 7. RNA BLAST search.

Using RNA secondary structures

Exercise 8. Predicting RNA secondary structure.

Exercise 9. Creating a contig and finding the sequence identity

List of bioinformatics databases

Finding the right data

Analyzing your DNA/RNA sequence

Analyzing your protein sequences

Questions

Reference

Index

End User License Agreement.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Herrera, Rene J. Genomes, Evolution, and Culture

ISBN:

9781118876381

OCLC:

932302866