Solute transport modelling : an introduction to models and solution strategies / Randolf Rausch [and three others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Rausch, R. (Randolf), author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Groundwater--Pollution--Mathematical models.

Groundwater.

Groundwater flow--Mathematical models.

Groundwater flow.

Groundwater--Quality.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (213 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Berlin, Germany : Gebruder Borntraeger, [2005]

Summary:

Transport models have become an essential tool to investigate groundwater quality problems. This book presents the fundamental hydraulic, hydrochemical and nume rical concepts that are required for the sound and efficient application of solute transport models in groundwater studies. Advection, dispersion and diffusion, which are the main physical transport processes, are first introduced, followed by the derivation of the advection-dispersion equation. A separate chapter is dedicated to multispecies reactive transport modelling, presenting both theory and simulation examples. Special methods used to simulate transport in fractured geological material are also presented. This professional text addresses academics, scientists, engineers, hydrologists and hydrogeol ogists interested in the application of transport models in hydrogeology, geoecology, hydrology, geography, environmental engineering, hydraulic engineering and water economics.

Contents:

Intro

Transport processes and equation

Transport model

The transport equation

Transport processes

Advection

Molecular diffusion

Dispersion

Reactions

Derivation of the transport equation

Mathematical nature of the transport equation

Initial and boundary conditions

Analytical solutions

One-dimensional transport

Instantaneous source

Continuous source

Finite-duration source

Two-dimensional transport

Steady-state plume

Semi-infinite aquifer

Other transport solutions

Grid-based numerical methods

Time discretization

The explicit Euler method

The implicit Euler method

The Crank-Nicolson method

Higher-order methods

The finite difference method

Mass balance for 1D finite difference

Matrix equation in one dimension

Criteria for numerical stability

Criteria for numerical precision

Finite difference solution of the 2D transport equation

Mass balance for 2D finite difference

Stability and precision of the 2D solution

Finite volume method

Triangulation and dual grids

Approximation functions and mass balance

Upwind stabilization

Incorporation of boundary conditions

Finite element method

Galerkin method

Stabilization

Finite element boundary conditions

Adaptive gridding

Example

Numerical methods: Particle tracking

The flowline and travel time method

Method of characteristics

Standard method of characteristics

Modified method of characteristics

Random-walk method

Theoretical basis

Calculation of dispersion

Generation of particle distributions

The random-walk method in two and three dimensions

Computation of concentration distribution

Determination of the flow field

Comparison of methods

Solution of systems of equations

Direct solution.

Classical linear iterative methods

The Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods

Underrelaxed Jacobi method and SOR method

ILU decomposition

The conjugate gradient method

Conjugate gradient method for symmetric matrices

Preconditioned CG method for symmetric matrices

The GMRES method

The BiCGStab method

Multigrid methods

Smoothing

Correction for coarse grids

Prolongation and restriction

Multigrid algorithm

Grid hierarchy

Computational and memory requirements

Algebraic multigrid

The Newton-Raphson method

The Newton method for functions of a single variable

The Newton method for systems of equations

Transport and reactions

Simple reaction models

Retardation

First-order decay

Dual-porosity model

Equations and parameters

Dual-porosity behavior

Application of the dual-porosity model

Multispecies models

Carbonate system equilibrium

Cation exchange

Other equilibrium models

Microbial redox reactions

Overview of existing multispecies models

Coupling of transport and reactions

Example of a multispecies simulation

Hypothetical column

Results

Application of multispecies models

Transport in fractured media

Flow and transport in a single fracture

Equivalent Porous Medium approach

Multi-domain approach

Dual-domain approach

Dual-porosity approach

Discrete fracture approach

Analytical solutions for discrete fracture transport

Semi-analytical solution for fracture networks

Numerical transport models for fracture networks

Analogy between dual-porosity and discrete fracture model

Modelling strategies

References

List of symbols

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

3-443-01168-3