Bird and Reptile Species in Environmental Risk Assessment Strategies / edited by Guillermo Liwszyc and Marcelo L. Larramendy.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Guillermo Liwszyc

Contributor:

Liwszyc, Guillermo Eli, editor.

Larramendy, Marcelo L., editor.

Series:

Issues in toxicology ; Number 45.

Issues in Toxicology ; Number 45

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Environmental risk assessment.

Rare birds.

Rare reptiles.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (249 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Lightning Source Inc. (Tier 3) 2023

London, England : The Royal Society of Chemistry, [2023]

Summary:

This book focuses specifically on environmental risk assessment in non-conventional bird and reptile species and is an ideal companion to toxicologists and ecologists interested in risk assessment in the environments of birds and reptiles.

Contents:

Intro

Title

Copyright

Contents

Chapter 1 General Aspects - Current and Further Perspectives

Chapter 2 Development of Aquatic Bird Indicators of Sub-lethal Mercury Exposure and Risk in Wild Populations of Water Birds in the Everglades (Florida, United States of America)

2.1 Background and Study Area Description

2.1.1 Mercury: Local Emissions, Worldwide Contamination

2.1.2 The Everglades

2.1.3 Mercury Contamination in the Everglades

2.1.4 Development of a Field Sampling Protocol

2.1.5 Development of Mercury Exposure Indicators - Tissues

2.2 Results

2.2.1 Sub-lethal Effects: Results from Experimental Studies

2.2.2 Evidence of Mercury Effects in Field Conditions

2.3 General Discussion, Lessons Learnt and Pros and Cons of Our and Alternative Approaches

2.3.1 Evidence and Estimation of Hg Effects in Natural Populations

2.3.2 Indicator Tissues: Comparative Advantages, Limitations and Uncertainty

2.4 Conclusion and Advice for Similar Cases or Final Remarks

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 3 The Importance of Ecological Traits in Assessing Seabird Vulnerability to Environmental Risks

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Failings of the Standard Approach

3.3 Vulnerability to Anthropogenic and Natural Risks

3.4 Challenges for an Observational Study

3.5 A Trait-based Approach

3.5.1 An Ecological Dimension Reduction Technique

3.5.2 Useful Traits for Ecological Risk Evaluation

3.5.3 Trait-based Prediction

3.6 Other Challenges

3.6.1 Correlation vs. Causation

3.6.2 The Default of No Risk

3.6.3 Ecological Regulation

3.6.4 Climate Change and Variability

3.6.5 Other Approaches

Disclaimer

Chapter 4 A Review of the Levels and Distribution Patterns of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Eggs of Wild Birds in India

4.1 Introduction.

4.1.1 Organochlorine Pesticides

4.1.2 Organochlorine Pesticides - Marketing and Consumption

4.2 Pesticides - Indian Scenario

4.3 Impact of Pesticides in Eggs of Wild Birds in India

4.3.1 OCP Residues in Birds' Eggs

4.3.2 Variation in Residue Levels Based on Species and Food Habits

4.3.3 Eggshell Thinning and Reproductive Impairment

4.4 Conclusions and Further Recommendations

Chapter 5 Impacts of Agricultural Intensification on Farmland Birds and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Seed Treatments

5.1 The Intensification of Agriculture

5.2 Agricultural Intensification and Bird Declines

5.3 Impact of Pesticides on Birds: Direct vs. Indirect Effects

5.3.1 Direct Effects

5.3.2 Indirect Effects

5.4 Seed Treatment With Pesticides: Impacts on Birds

5.4.1 Agricultural Intensification Through Seed Treatment

5.4.2 Bird Exposure to Pesticide-treated Seeds

5.5 Assessment of Risks of Pesticide-treated Seeds to Birds

5.5.1 Regulatory Environmental Toxicity Testing

5.5.2 Tier I Risk Assessment

5.5.3 Refinements and Weight-of-evidence Risk Assessment

5.5.4 Future Directions

Chapter 6 Teratological Effects of Pesticides in Reptiles - A Review

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Reptiles as Sentinel Species

6.3 Teratological Effects of Pesticides on Reptiles

6.3.1 Order Testudinata

6.3.2 Order Rhynchocephalia

6.3.3 Order Crocodilia

6.3.4 Order Squamata

6.4 Final Remarks

6.5 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Combined Impact of Pesticides and Other Environmental Stressors on Reptile Diversity in Irrigation Ponds Compared to Other Animal Taxa

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Biological Communities in Irrigation Ponds

7.2.1 Biological Communities

7.2.2 Reptiles.

7.3 Combined Impact of Multiple Stressors on Reptile Diversity Compared to Other Animal Taxa

7.4 Impact of Each Stressor on Reptile Diversity Compared to Other Animal Taxa

7.4.1 Concrete Bank Protection, Water Depth Reduction and Macrophyte Decline

7.4.2 Eutrophication and Pesticide Pollution

7.4.3 Invasive Alien Species

7.5 Perspective: Usefulness of Turtles as Bioindicators

7.6 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Current Progress in Developing Standardized Methods for Reptilian Toxicity Testing to Inform Ecological Risk Assessment

8.1 Background on Reptile Toxicity Testing

8.1.1 Lack of Reptile Toxicity Data in the Literature

8.1.2 Lack of Standardized Methods

8.2 Progress in Standardized Methods for Reptile Ecotoxicology/Ecological Risk Assessment

8.2.1 Early Efforts in Reptile Toxicology

8.2.2 Oral Dosing Methods Using Gelatin Capsules to Accommodate Small Reptiles

8.2.3 Standardization of Methods and Developing Breeding Assay Using Anolis Species in Reptile Ecotoxicology

8.2.4 Moving Beyond Oral Exposure Dosing: The Potential Importance of Dermal Exposure and Toxicity

8.3 Conclusions

Chapter 9 Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Active Principle Glyphosate Toxicity on the Liver of the Field Lizard Podarcis siculus

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Lizards in Contaminated Environments

9.3 Effects of Pure GLY on the Liver of P. siculus Specimens

9.4 GLY-induced Changes in P. siculus Liver Histology

9.5 GLY-induced Changes in the Expression and Synthesis of Proteins in the P. siculus Liver

9.6 Conclusion

Chapter 10 What Is Caiman latirostris Teaching Us About Endocrine Disruptors?

10.1 Ecophysiological Characteristics of the Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris)

10.1.1 Sex Determination.

10.1.2 Reproduction

10.1.3 Hatchling Growth and Development

10.1.4 Feeding Habits, Social Behavior and Longevity

10.1.5 Sexual Dimorphism

10.2 Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals

10.2.1 Mechanism of Action of EDCs

10.2.2 Types of EDCs

10.3 Caiman latirostris as a Sentinel of Environmental Pollution

10.4 EDCs and Their Effects on Reproductive Features

10.4.1 Natural Exposure

10.4.2 Experimental Exposure

10.5 EDCs and Their Effects on the Thyroid Histofunctional Characteristics

10.6 Conclusions

Chapter 11 The Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris): A Model Species for Environmental Pesticide Contamination Assessment Through Molecular Markers

11.1 Caiman latirostris: Life History Characteristics and Population Situation in Argentina

11.1.1 Geographical Distribution and Sustainable Use Programs

11.1.2 Environmental Problems Associated With Agricultural Expansion and the Use of Pesticides

11.2 Why Use C. latirostris as a Sentinel of Pesticide Contamination?

11.2.1 Evidence of Pesticide Effects on the Broad-snouted Caiman

11.2.2 Identification and Development of Gene Expression Markers

11.3 Future Perspectives

Chapter 12 Epilogue and Final Remarks

Subject Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Liwszyc, Guillermo Bird and Reptile Species in Environmental Risk Assessment Strategies

ISBN:

9781837670772

1837670773

9781837670765

1837670765