Transgenic Insects : Techniques and Applications.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Benedict, Mark Quentin.

Contributor:

Scott, Maxwell J.

Ahmed, Hassan M. M.

Akbar, Omar S.

Aksoy, Serap.

Alcalay, Yehonatan.

Alphey, Luke.

Arien, Yael.

Avraham, Rotem Daniel.

Beech, Camilla.

Series:

CABI Biotechnology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Transgenic animals--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Transgenic animals.

Insects--Genetic engineering.

Insects.

Insect cell biotechnology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (762 pages)

Edition:

2nd ed.

Place of Publication:

CABI 2022

Oxford : CAB International, 2022.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book describes the huge opportunity to modify insect phenotypes through genetic engineering to benefit human health and agriculture. Precise DNA modifications and gene drive approaches are much more focused with improved safety. The development of modelling, ethical considerations, public response and regulatory oversight is covered.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgements

1 Transposon-Based Technologies for Insects

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Transposons Used in Insects

1.2.1 P elements

1.2.2 piggyBac

1.2.3 Mos1

1.2.4 Minos

1.2.5 Hermes, Herves, hopper and hobo

1.2.6 Tn5

1.3 Mutagenesis

1.4 Germline Transformation

1.5 Transposons as Technology Platforms

1.5.1 Gene expression

1.5.2 Cell ablation

1.5.3 Gene silencing

1.5.4 Genetic sensors

1.6 Hybrid Transposase Systems for Precision Integration

1.7 CRISPR-associated Transposases

1.8 Conclusion

2 Inducible and Repressible Systems for Transgene Expression

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Naturally Occurring Systems of Conditional Expression

2.2.1 Heat shock - hsp70

2.2.2 Natural temperature-sensitive lethal elements and mutations

2.2.3 Glucose repression

2.2.4 Metallothionein

2.2.5 lac inducible systems

2.3 Synthetic Systems

2.3.1 Tetracycline-mediated expression

2.3.2 Dimerization

2.3.3 GeneSwitch

2.3.4 Q system

2.3.5 Use of Cre/loxP recombination

2.4 Conclusions

3 Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Gene Regulation in Insects

3.2.1 Transcriptional control

3.2.2 The promoter

3.2.3 Enhancers and silencers

3.2.4 Chromatin structure and genomic position effects

3.3 Post-transcriptional and Translational Control

3.3.1 Untranslated regions and introns

3.3.2 Regulatory RNAs

3.3.3 Splicing

3.3.4 Translational control

3.4 The Basic Genetic Construct

3.5 Sex-Specific Gene Expression

3.5.1 Targeting chromosomes

3.5.2 Sex-specific splicing

3.5.3 Sex-specific promoters

3.6 Tissue-Specific Gene Expression

3.6.1 Targeting tissues relevant for parasite transmission.

3.6.2 Targeting germline expression for gene drives

3.6.3 Targeting expression in chemosensory neurons

3.7 Stage-Specific Gene Expression

3.7.1 Targeting developmental stages

3.7.2 Targeting environmental, circadian and behavioural conditions

3.8 Design of Expression Systems for Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression

3.9 Mining Transcriptomics Data for Promoter Design

3.9.1 Limiting the promoter length

3.9.2 The importance of the UTR

3.9.3 Boosting levels of expression

3.9.4 Dampening levels of expression

3.9.5 Signal peptides for subcellular and extracellular localization

3.9.6 Controlling for position effects

3.9.7 In-frame fusions to capture endogenous regulation

3.9.8 Binary expression systems

3.10 Future Prospects

4 RNA Interference to Modify Phenotypes in Agriculturally Important Pest and Beneficial Insects: Useful Examples and Future Challenges

4.1 Introduction

4.2 RNAi Phenotypes in Insect Growth, Development, Behaviour and Reproduction

4.2.1 Growth and development

4.2.2 Behaviour and reproduction

4.3 RNAi Phenotypes Unravelling the Duality of Gene Isoforms

4.4 RNAi Phenotypes to Understand Insecticides, Mode of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

4.5 RNAi Phenotypes in Crop Protection

4.6 RNAi Phenotypes in Beneficial Insects, Pollinators and Natural Enemies

4.7 RNAi in the Field: Considerations for Biosafety

4.8 RNAi Future Challenges for Fundamental Mechanisms and Applications

4.9 Conclusions

5 Site-Specific Recombination for Gene Locus-Directed Transgene Integration and Modification

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Classification and Mechanisms of Site-Specific Recombination

5.2.1 Tyrosine and serine site-specific recombinases

5.2.2 CRISPR-Cas-mediated DNA double-strand breaks for site-specific genome editing.

5.3 Applications of Site-Specific Recombination

5.3.1 Integration into a single specific site

5.3.2 Integration into two sites

5.3.3 Modification of transgenes

5.3.4 Gene locus-directed chromosome modification: deletions, inversions and translocations

5.4 Conclusions

6 Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo - ReMOT Control: a Comprehensive Review and Detailed Protocol for Implementation

6.1 History of Transgenic Methods in Arthropods

6.2 Development of CRISPR-based Technologies

6.3 Problems with Traditional Embryonic Microinjection

6.4 ReMOT Control Development

6.5 Summary of ReMOT Control Successes

6.5.1 Mosquitoes

6.5.2 Non-mosquito insects

6.6 Challenges and Future Directions

6.7 Recommendations for Adaptation of ReMOT Control to New Species

6.8 Generalized ReMOT Control Protocol

6.8.1 Prior to ReMOT Control

6.8.2 One day before injections

6.8.3 On injection day

6.8.4 Screening protocol

6.8.5 In vitro protein expression protocol

7 Site-Directed DNA Sequence Modification Using CRISPR-Cas9

7.1 The CRISPR/Cas9 Revolution

7.1.1 CRISPR/Cas systems in bacterial immunity

7.1.2 CRISPR/Cas9 as a genome editing tool

7.2 Site-Directed Genomic Modifications in Insects (Version 2.0)

7.2.1 Designing sgRNA

7.2.2 Delivery of Cas9-gRNA complexes

7.2.3 Identifying genomic modifications

7.3 Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in Insects

7.3.1 Developing markers for mutants

7.3.2 Testing gene function before making a gene drive

7.3.3 Functional genomics in evolution

7.4 Concluding Remarks

8 An Introduction to the Molecular Genetics of Gene Drives and Thoughts on Their Gradual Transition to Field Use

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Molecular Mechanism of CRISPR Homing-based Drive Systems

8.3 Population Modification

8.4 Population Suppression.

8.5 Additional Drive Design, Performance and Implementation Considerations

8.6 A Phased Approach to Gene Drive Advancement to the Field

8.7 Concluding Remarks

9 Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Gene Drive Systems

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Engineered Transposon Drives

9.3 Homing Drives

9.3.1 Basic characteristics

9.3.2 Improved versions

9.3.3 Variants for drive control and applications

9.4 Shredder Drives

9.5 Toxin-Antidote Gene Drives

9.5.1 Cytoplasmic incompatibility

9.5.2 Medea

9.5.3 RNAi underdominance drives

9.5.4 Other underdominance drives

9.5.5 CRISPR toxin-antidote drives

9.5.6 Tethered drives

9.6 Self-limiting Gene Drives

9.6.1 Killer-rescue drives

9.6.2 Split drives

9.7 Measurement of Gene Drive Fitness

9.8 Comparisons with Other Organisms

9.9 Conclusions

10 Sex Ratio Manipulation Using Gene Drive for Mosquito Population Control

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Overview and General Principles of Sex Ratio Distorting (SRD) Methods

10.3 Meiotic Drive and Engineered X-Chromosome Shredders

10.4 Post-Zygotic Sex Distortion Through Sex-Specific Lethality

10.5 Engineering Y-Linked SRDs in Mosquitoes

10.6 Manipulation of Sex Determination Mechanisms

10.7 Conclusions

11 Population Modification Using Gene Drive for Reduction of Malaria Transmission

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Features of Gene Drive Population Modification Systems

11.3 Design Features of Parasite-Resistant Mosquitoes for Population Modification

11.4 Performance Objectives of Population Modification

11.5 Conclusions

12 Modelling Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives: a Case Study Using Engineered Underdominance

12.1 Introduction to Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives

12.2 Two-Locus Engineered Underdominance

12.3 Mathematical Modelling Approaches

12.4 Introduction Thresholds.

12.5 Relaxing Model Assumptions

12.5.1 Resistance formation and mutation

12.5.2 UD reversal

12.5.3 Spatial effects

12.6 Linking Theory and Experimentation

12.7 Alternative Configurations of UD

12.8 Areas of Future Interest

13 Tsetse Paratransgenesis: a Novel Strategy for Reducing the Spread of African Trypanosomiases

13.1 Tsetse as Vectors of Parasitic African Trypanosomes

13.2 Tsetse Reproduction and Symbiosis

13.2.1 Tsetse reproduction

13.2.2 Tsetse's endogenous endosymbionts

13.3 Utilizing Endogenous Endosymbionts for Tsetse Paratransgenesis

13.3.1 Recombinant Sodalis is well suited for tsetse paratransgenesis

13.3.2 Identification and expression of anti-trypanosomal effector molecules

13.3.3 Paratransgenic manipulation of tsetse midgut physiology to alter parasite infection dynamics

13.4 Utilizing Exogenous Bacteria for Tsetse Paratransgenesis

13.5 Mechanisms to Drive Parasite-Resistant Tsetse Phenotypes into Natural Populations

13.5.1 Exploiting Wolbachia-mediated mating incompatibilities

13.5.2 Modelling the efficacy of paratransgenic control

13.5.3 Polyandry and cytoplasmic incompatibility

13.6 Conclusions

14 Paratransgenic Control of Chagas Disease

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Chagas Disease

14.2.1 Epidemiology, ecology and modes of transmission of Chagas disease

14.2.2 Global spread of Chagas disease

14.3 Novel Approaches to Control of Chagas Disease

14.3.1 Paratransgenesis

14.3.2 Antimicrobial peptides as effector molecules

14.3.3 Single-chain antibodies

14.3.4 β-1-3-glucanase

14.3.5 Additional methods for bacterial modifications

14.4 From Bench Top to Field Trials

14.5 Conclusions

15 Asaia Paratransgenesis in Mosquitoes

15.1 Asaia

15.2 Paratransgenesis for Vector Control.

15.3 Desirable Attributes of Asaia as a Paratransgenic Candidate.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Benedict, Mark Quentin Transgenic Insects

ISBN:

9781800621169

1800621167

9781800621176

1800621175

OCLC:

1350443739