Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics / Awanish Kumar and Sunil Kumar, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kumar, Awanish, editor.

Kumar, Sunil, editor.

Series:

Developments in applied phycology.

Developments in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Metabolites.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (270 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : Academic Press, [2024]

Summary:

Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics presents the latest biotechnological advancements in the production of target secondary metabolites for medicinal use, including topics such as transcriptomics, nanotechnology, gene editing tools like CRISPR/CAS, secondary metabolites source and production.

Contents:

Front Cover

Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

About the authors

1 - Introduction to plant secondary metabolites

1. Introduction

1.1 Alkaloids

1.2 Terpenes

1.3 Flavonoids

1.4 Saponins

1.5 Tannins

1.6 Phytosterols

1.7 Quinones

2. Conclusion

References

2 - Identification and purification of plant secondary metabolite as medicinal raw materials

2. Several classes of SM found in plants

3. Alkaloids

4. Compounds containing phenol

5. Terpenes

6. Techniques employed in the processes of extracting, isolating, and purifying bioactive compounds

6.1 Extraction with the assistance of ultrasound

6.2 Extraction with the help of microwave-assisted extraction

7. Use of different solvents in extracting the phenolic compounds

8. Extraction and purification methods for active molecules

9. Clarification of the structural components of the bioactive molecules

10. Infrared rays spectroscopy

11. UV-visible spectroscopy

12. The use of mass spectrometry in the identification of chemical compounds

13. NMR spectroscopy

14. Antioxidant components from plants

15. Antimicrobial properties of compound derived from plants

16. Examination of phytochemicals

17. Secondary metabolites' contributions to pharmacological activity

18. Conclusion

3 - Biochemical characterization of plant secondary metabolites

2. Secondary metabolites

3. Therapeutic uses of secondary metabolites

3.1 Cardiovascular disorders

3.2 Cancer

3.3 Parasitic diseases

3.4 Neurodegenerative disorders

3.5 Diabetes mellitus

4. Synthesis of plant secondary metabolites

5. Isolation and purification of secondary metabolites.

5.1 Thin-layer chromatography

5.2 High-performance thin layer liquid chromatography

5.3 High-performance liquid chromatography

5.4 Gas chromatography

5.5 Column chromatography

5.6 Gel permeation chromatography

5.7 Affinity chromatography

6. Qualitative assessment of plant extract or secondary metabolites

7. Spectroscopy techniques for structural characterization of SMs

7.1 UV-visible spectroscopy

7.2 Infrared spectroscopy

7.3 Fluorescence

7.4 Mass spectroscopy

7.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance

7.6 X-ray diffraction

8. Miscellaneous methods

8.1 Immunoassay

9. Dilemma-primary metabolite or secondary metabolite?

10. Dereplication databases

11. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of SMs

11.1 In vitro studies

11.2 In vivo studies

11.3 In situ model

11.4 In silico studies

12. Toxicological characterization of SMs

13. Conclusion

4 - Production of secondary metabolites from medicinal plants through tissue culture

2. Medicinal plant

3. Secondary metabolite

4. Types of secondary metabolites

4.1 Phenolics

4.2 Alkaloid

4.3 Saponin

4.4 Terpene

4.5 Lipid

4.6 Carbohydrate

5. Production of secondary metabolites through plant tissue culture

6. Methods of secondary metabolites production

7. Conventional methods

8. Nonconventional methods

9. Genetic engineering using microbes

10. Precursor feeding

11. Biotransformation

12. Metabolic engineering

13. Conclusion and future perspectives

5 - Role of endophytes in the production of secondary metabolites

2. Types of endophytes

2.1 Bacterial endophytes

2.2 Fungal endophytes

3. Interaction of endophytes with the host plant

4. Production of the secondary metabolites by endophytes.

5. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

6. Conclusion and future prospect

6 - Trends in secondary metabolites production from plant sources

2. Recent developments in the process of producing secondary metabolites

3. Secondary metabolites production derived from medicinal plants by using tissue cultures

4. Recent developments in secondary metabolites production by higher plants

5. Production of secondary metabolites using organ cultures

6. The addition of a precursor to help improve the secondary metabolites production

7. Elicitation of products developed in vitro

8. Secondary metabolites source-hairy root cultures

9. Using hairy root culture with the purpose of secondary metabolites production by means of genetic manipulation

10. Endophytes play an important part in the in vitro secondary metabolites production

11. Increasing production of secondary metabolites via scaling of bioreactors

12. Immobilization increasing the accumulation of secondary metabolites on a larger scale

13. Tissue cultures production responsible for interesting pharmaceutical products

14. Taxol

15. Morphine and codeine

16. Diosgenin

17. l-DOPA

18. Capsaicin

19. Camptothecin

20. Berberine

21. The metabolic pathway engineering and generation of secondary metabolites

22. Engineering yeast metabolic pathways to produce plant secondary metabolites

23. Yeast's contribution to the production of flavonoids

24. Yeast is responsible for the production of terpenoids

25. Yeast's role in the production of alkaloids derived from plants

26. Conclusion

7 - Elicitation of secondary metabolites from plants

2. Classification of elicitors

2.1 Biotic elicitors

2.2 Abiotic elicitors

2.2.1 Hormonal elicitors

2.2.1.1 Jasmonic acid.

2.2.1.1 Jasmonic acid

2.2.1.2 Salicylic acid

2.2.1.3 Hormones of a different kind

2.2.1.4 Brassinosteroids

2.2.1.5 Abscisic acid

2.2.1.6 SM auxins

2.2.2 Inorganic elicitors (chemical)

2.2.2.1 Heavy metals

2.2.2.2 Effects of undernourishment and toxic metals on root exudate secretion

2.2.3 Elicitors of a physical nature

2.2.3.1 Radiation from UV-B rays

2.2.3.2 Salt concentration

2.2.3.3 The strain of a drought

2.2.3.4 Stress caused by heat

3. Mechanism of elicitation in plant cells

4. Elicitors that are being used at the present time

5. New methods to boost SM production depending on the elicitor signaling pathways

6. Summary and remarks

8 - Genetic manipulation for secondary metabolite production

2. Genes involved in the biosynthesis

3. Genes that act as regulators

4. Genes involved in the production of indole alkaloids

5. Regulatory genes involving indole alkaloids

6. Isoquinoline alkaloids

7. Pyrrolidine alkaloids and tropane alkaloids

8. Terpenoids

9. Carotenoids

10. Benzoic acid derivatives

11. Cyanogenic glucosides

12. Stilbene phytoalexins are introduced in transgeneic plants

13. Plant protection and plant breeding use of the phytoalexin technology

14. Modification of secondary plant metabolism to produce functional food

15. Disease resistance is achieved through engineering phytoalexin pathways

16. Final thoughts and summaries

References.

9 - Scaling up of secondary metabolite production

2. Production of secondary metabolites

3. Use of organized cultures and metabolic engineering for secondary metabolite production

4. Application of hairy roots in secondary metabolites production

5. Metabolite engineering in secondary metabolite production

6. Engineering considerations in large-scale production of biomass

7. Strategies to improve productivity

7.1 Screening and selection, medium optimization

7.2 Scale-up of plant cell suspension culture: Features of plant cell culture in bioreactors

7.3 Application of different bioreactors in secondary metabolites production

7.4 Differentiated cells

7.5 Immobilized cells

7.6 Elicitation

7.7 Metabolic engineering

7.8 Examples of plant genes in plants or plant cells

7.9 Microbial genes in plants or plant cells

7.10 Plant genes in microorganisms

8. Conclusion

9. Future perspective

Further reading

10 - Metabolic engineering and production of secondary metabolites

2.1 Terpenes

2.1.1 Diterpenes

2.1.2 Triterpenes (C30)

2.1.3 Tetraterpenes (C40)

2.1.4 Polyterpenes (C5)

2.1.4.1 Creation of terpenes

2.2 Phenolics

2.2.1 Flavanoinds

2.2.2 Flavonols

2.2.3 Isoflavonoides

2.2.4 Isoflavone coumarins

2.2.5 Furano-coumarins

2.3 Nonflavonoids

2.3.1 Hydroxycinnamates

2.4 Alkaloids

2.4.1 Alkaloids of quinolizidine

2.4.2 Alliinins

3. Metabolic engineering

3.1 Metabolic engineering for plant secondary metabolites production

4. Secondary metabolite production pathways

4.1 Shikimic-acid (shikimate) pathway

4.2 Malonic-acid (malonate/acetate) pathway

4.3 Methylerythritol-phosphate pathway.

4.4 Agrobacterium: A unique metabolic engineer of plant.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-443-16159-3

OCLC:

1425791622