Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Diseases : A Guide to Vaccinology / edited by Vasso Apostolopoulos, Lalitkumar K. Vora, and Vivek P. Chavda.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Apostolopoulos, Vasso, editor.

Vora, Lalitkumar K., editor.

Chavda, Vivek P., editor.

Series:

Developments in immunology.

Developments in Immunology Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Vaccines.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (530 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : Academic Press, [2024]

Summary:

The role of vaccines is emerging and even critical to ending infectious and chronic diseases and pandemics alike.The design and development of new vaccines could lead to improved health.Handbook on Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Disease discusses these new developments and introduces the reader to the current state.

Contents:

Front Cover

Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Diseases

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Biography

Foreword

Preface

1 - History of vaccination

1. Introduction

2. History of vaccines

2.1 New improved vaccines

3. Basic formulation of vaccines

3.1 Adjuvants

3.2 Stabilizers

3.3 Preservatives

3.4 Residual inactivating ingredient

3.5 Residual cell culture materials

3.6 Residual antibodies

4. Types of vaccines

4.1 Live attenuated vaccines

4.2 Inactive (killed) vaccines

4.3 Viral vector-based vaccines

4.4 Subunit vaccines

4.5 Virus-like particle vaccines

4.6 Polysaccharide-based vaccines

4.7 Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)-based vaccine

5. Different routes of vaccine administration and their immune reactions

5.1 Parenteral administration

5.2 Mucosal administration

6. Vaccine hesitancy

7. Manufacturing procedure

8. Regulation, clinical, and ethics approval

9. Conclusion and future prospects

References

2 - Vaccine adjuvants and carriers

1. Vaccine adjuvants

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 History: How the journey of adjuvants began

1.1.2 Advancements of adjuvants and their functions

1.1.3 Finding and screening for the "right" adjuvant

1.2 Current adjuvants/FDA-approved adjuvants

1.2.1 Aluminum-hydroxide-based adjuvants

1.2.1.1 Mechanism of the adjuvant effect of aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants

1.2.1.1.1 The repository effect

1.2.1.1.2 Prophagocytic effects

1.2.1.1.3 Immunostimulation via the NLRP3 pathway

1.2.1.2 Aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants and innate immune responses

1.2.1.3 Main factors influencing the effect of aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants

1.2.1.3.1 Adsorption rate.

1.2.1.3.2 Size and uniformity of aluminum hydroxide particles

1.2.1.3.3 Dosage of aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant

1.2.2 MF59 adjuvants

1.2.2.1 Mechanism of the adjuvant effect of MF59

1.2.3 AS0-based adjuvants

1.2.4 Cytosine phosphoguanine-based adjuvants

2. Carriers

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Current lipid-based nanoparticulate vaccine formulations

2.3 Classification of carriers and their mechanisms of action

2.3.1 Polymeric carriers

2.3.2 Liposomes

2.3.2.1 Immune stimulating complexes

2.3.2.1.1 Mechanism of action of ISCOMs

2.3.3 Inorganic and metal nanoparticles

2.3.3.1 Virus-like particles

2.3.3.2 Emulsions

2.4 Mechanism of action and application of different carriers

2.5 Recent advancements

2.6 Homologous and heterologous booster vaccination strategy: Effects of adjuvants and carriers

2.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

3 - Conventional vaccination methods: Inactivated and live attenuated vaccines

1. Background

2. Live attenuated vaccines

2.1 Methods of preparation

2.2 Mechanism of immune response

2.3 Advantages of live attenuated vaccines

2.4 Disadvantages of live attenuated vaccines

2.5 Marketed live attenuated vaccines

3. Inactivated vaccines

3.1 Methods of inactivation

3.2 Mechanism of immune response

3.3 Advantages of inactivated vaccines

3.4 Disadvantages of inactivated vaccines

3.5 Marketed vaccines

4. Conclusion and future directions

4 - Subunit protein-based vaccines

2. Subunit-based vaccines, overview

2.1 Production methods

2.1.1 Bacterial expression system

2.1.2 Yeast expression system

2.1.3 Mammalian expression system

3. Subunit vaccines: Preclinical studies

4. Subunit vaccines: Human clinical trials

5. Subunit vaccines: Approved for human use.

6. Mechanism of action of subunit protein-based vaccines

7. Conclusion

5 - Peptide-based vaccines and altered peptide ligands: Multiple sclerosis paving the way

2. Linear altered peptide ligands

3. Aza-altered peptide ligand analogs

4. Cyclic altered peptide ligands

5. Citrullinated altered peptide ligands

6. Neuropathic pain

7. Thiopalmitoylation of altered peptide ligands

8. Myelin peptides-Mannan conjugates with or without altered peptide ligands

9. Molecular modeling of altered peptide ligands

10. Conclusions

6 - Vector-based vaccine delivery and associated immunity: Current status and way forward

2. Type of vectors harnessing

2.1 Vector-based vaccine design

2.2 Organism-originated vaccine vectors

2.2.1 Live cells

2.2.2 Particles or fragments of cells

2.2.3 Virus-like particles

3. Nanomaterial delivery systems

3.1 Polymeric vectors

3.2 Solid lipid nanoparticles

3.3 Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs)

3.3.1 Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles

3.3.2 Cell-penetrating peptides

4. Type(s) and magnitude of the induced immune responses

5. Vaccines on market

6. A look into the future

7 - It is all in the delivery: How to augment the efficiency of DNA vaccination

1. Preamble

2. History

3. Advantages of DNA vaccines

4. Mechanism of action

5. Current state of DNA vaccines

6. Vaccine vector design

7. Route of delivery

8. Improving the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines

9. Nanoparticle delivery systems

9.1 Sizing of nanoparticles

9.2 Shape

9.3 Surface chemistry

10. Nanoparticle materials

10.1 Inorganic and metallic nanoparticles

10.2 Polymeric nanoparticles

10.3 Lipid nanoparticles

10.4 Liposomes

10.5 Nanoemulsions.

10.6 Nanostructured lipid carriers

10.7 Solid lipid nanoparticles

10.8 Lipid nanoparticles for gene delivery

11. Lipids as vaccine adjuvants

12. MPLA adjuvant

13. Concluding remarks

8 - Plant-based vaccines for emerging infectious diseases

2. Plant biotechnological-derived virus-like particles as a vaccine

3. Biotechnological methods for transient expression of the desired protein in plants

3.1 Selection of plants and tissue

3.2 Methods of transient expression

3.2.1 Naked DNA

3.2.2 Viral vector

3.2.3 Agroinfiltration

3.3 Production of antibodies in plants

4. Plant-based VLP vaccines for COVID-19 and influenza

5. Safety considerations for plant-based vaccines

5.1 Efficacy of plant-derived vaccines

6. Regulatory and legal perspectives on plant-based vaccines

8. Expert opinion

9 - Expression system and purification process for the vaccine production

2. Expression systems for vaccine production

2.1 Mammalian cell lines expression system

2.2 Bacterial expression system

2.3 Yeast expression system

2.4 Baculovirus-insect expression system

2.5 Plant expression system

2.6 Cell-free expression system

2.7 Chloroplast genetic engineering system

2.8 Filamentous fungi expression system

2.9 Ciliate expression system

3. Upstream processing

4. Downstream processing/purification of the vaccines

5. Analytical methods

5.1 Chromatographic method

5.2 PCR and RT-PCR

5.3 Western blot

5.4 ELISA

5.5 Mass spectrometry

5.6 Electrophoresis

5.7 Sterility test

5.8 Limulus amebocyte lysate test

5.9 Abnormal toxicity test

5.10 High throughput sequencing and computational studies

6. Conclusion and future prospects

References.

10 - Targeting dendritic cells for antigen delivery in vaccine design

2. Mannose receptor

2.1 Targeting MR for cancer vaccines

2.2 Targeting MR using mannosylated dendrimers

2.3 Targeting MR using mannosylated nanoparticles

2.4 Targeting MR using mannosylated DNA

2.5 Targeting MR for vaccines against diseases

2.6 Anti-MR antibody conjugations

3. DEC-205

4. DC-SIGN

5. L-SIGN

6. Langerin

7. MGL

8. Dectin-1

9. Conclusion

11 - Parenteral vaccine delivery: From basic principles to new developments

3. Vaccination programs having a significant impact on global health

4. Types of parenteral vaccines

4.1 Live-attenuated vaccine

4.1.1 Killed vaccines

4.1.2 Subunit vaccines

4.1.3 Conjugate vaccine

4.1.4 Protein subunit vaccine

4.1.5 Polysaccharide vaccine

4.1.5.1 Nucleic acid-based vaccine

4.1.6 DNA-based vaccines

4.1.6.1 Structure of the pDNA

4.1.7 mRNA-based vaccines

4.1.7.1 Structure of the mRNA

4.1.7.2 Types of RNA vaccines

4.1.7.3 Delivery of the mRNA

4.1.7.3.1 Lipid nanoparticles

4.1.7.3.2 Polymeric nanoparticles

4.1.7.3.3 Exosomes and extravesicular delivery system

4.1.8 Recombinant vaccines

4.1.9 Pox-virus vector

4.1.10 Adenovirus vector

4.1.11 ChAd adenovirus vector

4.1.12 Retro-virus vector

4.1.13 Cytomegalovirus vector

5. Injection techniques for vaccine administration

5.1 Intramuscular administration

5.2 Subcutaneous administration

5.3 Intradermal administration

6. Production, storage, and distribution of vaccines

6.1 Production

6.1.1 Upstream

6.1.2 Downstream

6.1.3 Formulation

6.1.3.1 Live attenuated vaccines

6.1.3.2 Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine

6.1.3.3 Viral vector vaccines

6.1.3.4 mRNA vaccines.

6.2 Storage and distribution.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-443-18565-4

OCLC:

1428259409