The VR book : human-centered design for virtual reality / Jason Jerald.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Jerald, Jason, author.

Series:

ACM books ; 2374-6777 #8.

ACM books, 2374-6777 ; #8

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Virtual reality.

Human-computer interaction.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxxiii, 599 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

First edition.

Other Title:

Virtual reality book : human-centered design for virtual reality.

Place of Publication:

[New York] : Association for Computing Machinery ; [San Rafael, California] : Morgan & Claypool, 2016.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Summary:

Virtual reality (VR) can provide our minds with direct access to digital media in a way that seemingly has no limits. However, creating compelling VR experiences is an incredibly complex challenge. When VR is done well, the results are brilliant and pleasurable experiences that go beyond what we can do in the real world. When VR is done badly, not only do users get frustrated, but they can get sick. There are many causes of bad VR; some failures come from the limitations of technology, but many come from a lack of understanding perception, interaction, design principles, and real users. This book discusses these issues by emphasizing the human element of VR. The fact is, if we do not get the human element correct, then no amount of technology will make VR anything more than an interesting tool confined to research laboratories. Even when VR principles are fully understood, the first implementation is rarely novel and almost never ideal due to the complex nature of VR and the countless possibilities that can be created. The VR principles discussed in this book will enable readers to intelligently experiment with the rules and iteratively design toward innovative experiences.

Contents:

Part I. Introduction and background

1. What is virtual reality?

1.1 The definition of virtual reality

1.2 VR is communication

1.3 What is VR good for?

2. A history of VR

2.1 The 1800s

2.2 The 1900s

2.3 The 2000s

3. An overview of various realities

3.1 Forms of reality

3.2 Reality systems

4. Immersion, presence, and reality trade-offs

4.1 Immersion

4.2 Presence

4.3 Illusions of presence

4.4 Reality trade-offs

5. The basics: design guidelines

5.1 Introduction and background

5.2 VR is communication

5.3 An overview of various realities

5.4 Immersion, presence, and reality trade-offs

Part II. Perception

6. Objective and subjective reality

6.1 Reality is subjective

6.2 Perceptual illusions

7. Perceptual models and processes

7.1 Distal and proximal stimuli

7.2 Sensation vs. perception

7.3 Bottom-up and top-down processing

7.4 Afference and efference

7.5 Iterative perceptual processing

7.6 The subconscious and conscious

7.7 Visceral, behavioral, reflective, and emotional processes

7.8 Mental models

7.9 Neuro-linguistic programming

8. Perceptual modalities

8.1 Sight

8.2 Hearing

8.3 Touch

8.4 Proprioception

8.5 Balance and physical motion

8.6 Smell and taste

8.7 Multimodal perceptions

9. Perception of space and time

9.1 Space perception

9.2 Time perception

9.3 Motion perception

10. Perceptual stability, attention, and action

10.1 Perceptual constancies

10.2 Adaptation

10.3 Attention

10.4 Action

11. Perception: design guidelines

11.1 Objective and subjective reality

11.2 Perceptual models and processes

11.3 Perceptual modalities

11.4 Perception of space and time

11.5 Perceptual stability, attention, and action

Part III. Adverse health effects

12. Motion sickness

12.1 Scene motion

12.2 Motion sickness and vection

12.3 Theories of motion sickness

12.4 A unified model of motion sickness

13. Eye strain, seizures, and aftereffects

13.1 Accommodation-vergence conflict

13.2 Binocular-occlusion conflict

13.3 Flicker

13.4 Aftereffects

14. Hardware challenges

14.1 Physical fatigue

14.2 Headset fit

14.3 Injury

14.4 Hygiene

15. Latency

15.1 Negative effects of latency

15.2 Latency thresholds

15.3 Delayed perception as a function of dark adaptation

15.4 Sources of delay

15.5 Timing analysis

16. Measuring sickness

16.1 The Kennedy simulator sickness questionnaire

16.2 Postural stability

16.3 Physiological measures

17. Summary of factors that contribute to adverse effects

17.1 System factors

17.2 Individual user factors

17.3 Application design factors

17.4 Presence vs. motion sickness

18. Examples of reducing adverse effects

18.1 Optimize adaptation

18.2 Real-world stabilized cues

18.3 Manipulate the world as an object

18.4 Leading indicators

18.5 Minimize visual accelerations and rotations

18.6 Ratcheting

18.7 Delay compensation

18.8 Motion platforms

18.9 Reducing gorilla arm

18.10 Warning grids and fade-outs

18.11 Medication

19. Adverse health effects: design guidelines

19.1 Hardware

19.2 System calibration

19.3 Latency reduction

19.4 General design

19.5 Motion design

19.6 Interaction design

19.7 Usage

19.8 Measuring sickness

Part IV. Content creation

20. High-level concepts of content creation

20.1 Experiencing the story

20.2 The core experience

20.3 Conceptual integrity

20.4 Gestalt perceptual organization

21. Environmental design

21.1 The scene

21.2 Color and lighting

21.3 Audio

21.4 Sampling and aliasing

21.5 Environmental wayfinding aids

21.6 Real-world content

22. Affecting behavior

22.1 Personal wayfinding aids

22.2 Center of action

22.3 Field of view

22.4 Casual vs. high-end VR

22.5 Characters, avatars, and social networking

23. Transitioning to VR content creation

23.1 Paradigm shifts from traditional development to VR development

23.2 Reusing existing content

24. Content creation: design guidelines

24.1 High-level concepts of content creation

24.2 Environmental design

24.3 Affecting behavior

24.4 Transitioning to VR content creation

Part V. Interaction

25. Human-centered interaction

25.1 Intuitiveness

25.2 Norman's principles of interaction design

25.3 Direct vs. indirect interaction

25.4 The cycle of interaction

25.5 The human hands

26. VR interaction concepts

26.1 Interaction fidelity

26.2 Proprioceptive and egocentric interaction

26.3 Reference frames

26.4 Speech and gestures

26.5 Modes and flow

26.6 Multimodal interaction

26.7 Beware of sickness and fatigue

26.8 Visual-physical conflict and sensory substitution

27. Input devices

27.1 Input device characteristics

27.2 Classes of hand input devices

27.3 Classes of non-hand input devices

28. Interaction patterns and techniques

28.1 Selection patterns

28.2 Manipulation patterns

28.3 Viewpoint control patterns

28.4 Indirect control patterns

28.5 Compound patterns

29. Interaction: design guidelines

29.1 Human-centered interaction

29.2 VR interaction concepts

29.3 Input devices

29.4 Interaction patterns and techniques

Part VI. Iterative design

30. Philosophy of iterative design

30.1 VR is both an art and a science

30.2 Human-centered design

30.3 Continuous discovery through iteration

30.4 There is no one way, processes are project dependent

30.5 Teams

31. The define stage

31.1 The vision

31.2 Questions

31.3 Assessment and feasibility

31.4 High-level design considerations

31.5 Objectives

31.6 Key players

31.7 Time and costs

31.8 Risks

31.9 Assumptions

31.10 Project constraints

31.11 Personas

31.12 User stories

31.13 Storyboards

31.14 Scope

31.15 Requirements

32. The make stage

32.1 Task analysis

32.2 Design specification

32.3 System considerations

32.4 Simulation

32.5 Networked environments

32.6 Prototypes

32.7 Final production

32.8 Delivery

33. The learn stage

33.1 Communication and attitude

33.2 Research concepts

33.3 Constructivist approaches

33.4 The scientific method

33.5 Data analysis

34. Iterative design: design guidelines

34.1 Philosophy of iterative design

34.2 The define stage

34.3 The make stage

34.4 The learn stage

Part VII. The future starts now

35. The present and future state of VR

35.1 Selling VR to the masses

35.2 Culture of the VR community

35.3 Communication

35.4 Standards and open source

35.5 Hardware

35.6 The convergence of AR and VR

36. Getting started

Appendix A. Example questionnaire

Appendix B. Example interview guidelines

Glossary

References

Index

Author's biography.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 541-566) and index.

Title from PDF title page (viewed on November 7, 2015).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781970001136

OCLC:

928161929

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.