Early Vascular Aging (EVA) : New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection / Pedro Guimarães Cunha [and four others], editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Cunha, Pedro Guimarães, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Aging.

Blood-vessels--Evaluation.

Blood-vessels.

Cardiovascular system--Evaluation.

Cardiovascular system.

Early life.

Local Subjects:

Early life.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (772 pages)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : Elsevier Inc., [2024]

Summary:

Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection, Second Edition continues to be the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on premature alterations in artery structure and function. The book presents a novel approach to the problem of cardiovascular disease, showing it in relation to great vessels disease and revealing a comprehensive approach to the problem of increased rigidity of the great vessels, its causes, and further consequences. This second edition contains completely updated content with expanded coverage of basic and translational research, systematic reviews of the most prominent literature, discussion of applicability of new evidence and more. Written by an international team of clinicians and researchers, this is a valuable resource to basic and translational scientists, clinical researchers and clinicians in the cardiovascular field interested in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EVA.- Contains all the relevant information available on the main paradigm shifts in vascular aging research, from different fields of knowledge (from basic biology to epidemiology)- Reviews the most prominent evidence produced on early vascular aging (EVA), highlighting recent research advances, clinical applications, and research opportunities- Formulates, in each chapter, a set of research questions that need to be addressed, challenging the vast research community to take on new directions and collaborations

Contents:

Intro

Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular, Protection and Cardiovascular, Translational Medicine

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

In Memoriam

Preface

References

Section 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Historical Aspects and Biology of Aging

Evolutionary Traits, Genes, and the Environment Influencing Aging

Changes During the 20th Century in Life Expectancy

Early Life Programming Effects

Vascular Aging in Perspective

Longevity Blue Zones and Vascular Aging

New Models and Interventions to Influence Aging

Acknowledgment

Chapter 2: The 9 Paradigm Shifts in Cardiovascular Aging Research

Introduction

Section 1: Paradigm Shifts in Vascular Aging Concepts

Paradigm 1: Arteriosclerosis Versus Atherosclerosis

Paradigm 2: Bidirectional Relationship of Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness

Paradigm 3: Cardiovascular Prevention and Arterial Stiffness as a Mediator of HMOD and CVD

Paradigm 4: Chronobiologic Asynchrony

Section 2: Paradigm Shifts in Early Vascular Aging

Paradigm 5: EVA Becomes International

Paradigm 6: EVA in Multiple Medical Categories

Paradigm 7: EVA Is Now of Interest in Non-CV Diseases

Paradigm 8: New Horizons for EVA: Nonconventional CV Risk Factors and Connected Health

Section 3: Paradigm Shift in Cardiovascular Intervention

Paradigm 9: Arterial Stiffness (Including EVA) as Targets for Therapeutics

Conclusions

Chapter 3: Vascular Aging and Cardiovascular Disease

Changes With Age in the Arterial Tree

Aging and Structural Changes in the Arterial Wall

Aging and Pressure Wave Reflection

The Arterial Stiffening Gradient and the Impedance Mismatch Between Macro/Microcirculation

Links Between Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis

Accelerators of the Aging Process.

Monitoring Vascular Aging and Detecting Accelerated Signs of Vascular Deterioration

Vascular Age and Accelerated Vascular Aging

Central Hemodynamic Variables and Association to Cardiovascular Risk

Conclusions and Future Perspectives

Section 2: Lifecourse Approach and Population Based Studies

Chapter 4: Aging Population: Challenges and Opportunities in a Life Course Perspective

Aging Populations: Between Decreasing Mortality and Improved Health

Living Longer, But With More Chronic Diseases

From Healthcare of Older Subjects to a Life Course Approach

Strategies for Healthy Aging

Acknowledgments

Chapter 5: Population-Based Studies: Milestones on the Epidemiological Timeline

Proven Prognostic Power in High-Risk Subpopulations

Proven Prognostic Power in the General Population

Beyond Curve Divergence

Data Harmonization

The Rise of Novel PWV Measurements

PWV Trajectories

Quo Vadis: More Depth and Breadth of Phenotyping, More Comprehensive Populations, Longer Event Horizons

More Depth and Breadth of Phenotyping: Wave Reflection

More Depth and Breadth of Phenotyping: Time-Varying Phenomena

More Comprehensive Populations: Studying the Early Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors

More Comprehensive Populations: Early Vascular Aging and Stroke-Prone Populations

Longer Event Horizons

Mendelian Randomization: The Unbiased and Longest Event Horizon

Conclusion

Lifetime Perspective of Vascular Aging

Chapter 6: a. Lessons From the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study

Part 1: AGAHLS-The Cohort Profile

Study Design and Population

The Introduction of Large Artery Properties Measures: Rationale and Methods

Definition of Vascular Aging Phenotypes.

Part 2: Early Determinants of Arterial Stiffness-A Life Course Approach

Cumulative Burden and Trajectories of Biological RFs: The Critical Roles of BP, (Central) Fatness, Lipids, and Physical Fitness

Blood Pressure

Total and Central Fatness

Blood Lipids and Physical Fitness

Cumulative Burden and Trajectories of Lifestyle RFs: The Preventive Role of Lifelong Lifestyles (Diet, Physical Activity, S ...

Dietary Intake

Habitual Physical Activity

Sedentary Behavior

Other Findings From the AGAHLS Consortium

Part 3: Findings From Other Life Course Studies Than the AGAHLS-A Comparison of Findings

Part 4: Interpretation and Conclusions

Chapter 7: b. Cardiovascular Aging: Perspectives From Longitudinal Studies of Aging

Conceptual Approach to CV Aging Studies

Detecting Occult CV Disease in BLSA Participants

Risk Factors for Silent Myocardial Ischemia

Chest Pain Reports Are Linked to Personality

Epidemiological Studies of Genetic and Hormonal and Metabolic Risk Factors for CAD

Metabolic Risk Factors

ApoE4 and the Longitudinal Changes in CV Risk Factors

Plasma Levels of Estradiol, Testosterone, and Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate

Subclinical Age-Associated Changes in Arterial Structure and Function

Arterial Structure and the Effect of Aging

Age-Associated Changes in Carotid Intima-Medial Thickness

Intima-Media Thickness and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Older Adults

Carotid IMT Predicts Cognitive Decline

Depressive Symptoms and Carotid IMT in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Subclinical Alterations in Arterial Function With Aging

PWV as a Predictor of the Longitudinal Increase in SBP and of Incident Hypertension in the BLSA

Impact of Traditional CV Risk Factors on PWV

Central Obesity

Metabolic Syndrome.

Advanced Glycation End Products

Plasma Vitamin D Levels

Sex Hormones

Estrogen and Progestin Replacement in Postmenopausal Women

Androgenic Hormones

Alcohol Consumption

Suppressed Anger

Independent Determinants of Aortic Stiffness (PWV) and Central Pressure Augmentation (AGI)

Age, Aerobic Capacity, and Arterial Stiffness

Early Arterial Functional Alterations as Early Markers for Future CV Events

CV Disease Events

CV Event Prediction in an Individual Participant Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Data

Cognitive Function

PP, a Surrogate for Central Arterial Stiffness and Albumin Excretion

Other Arterial Functional Parameters

Interarm Difference in Systolic Blood Pressure

Ankle-Brachial Index

The Link That Bridges Age to Early Atherosclerosis (The Validate Study)

Arterial-Ventricular Uncoupling With Aging

Summary

Sources of Funding

Chapter 8: c. Lessons From the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Incorporating Markers of EVA in the Young Finns Study

Life-Course Risk Factors and Markers of EVA

Life-Course Risk Factors and Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Cognitive Function in Young and Middle-Aged Adults

From Young Finns to Younger Finns: A Multigenerational Approach to Vascular Health

Chapter 9: Early Vascular Aging in the Young

Development of the Vasculature During Fetal Life and Early Childhood

Influence of Birth Weight on Blood Pressure

Impact of Birth Weight on Vascular Structure and Function

Low Birth Weight and Endothelial Function

Influence of IUGR/SGA Phenotype on Arterial Structure and Function

Influence of Prematurity on Arterial Structure and Function

Influence of IUGR versus Prematurity

Influence of Extreme Prematurity on Vascular Structure and Function.

Effects of Increased ``Catch-Up´´ Growth Patterns

Development of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Dysfunction Early in Life

Challenges in Assessment of the Vasculature in Children

Effect of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Vascular Health in Children and Adolescents

Pulse Wave Velocity

Wave Reflections

Distensibility

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Stiffness

Endothelial Function

Summary, Future Directions, and Gaps in Knowledge

Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Arterial Function

Early Childhood Studies

Childhood Indices Predicting Adult PWV

New Adult Data Since 2020

Inflammation Indices

Section 3: Molecular, Cellular and Mechanistic Contributions to Vascular Aging

Chapter 11: Cellular and Molecular Determinants of Arterial Aging

Growth Factors and Transcription Factors

Cytoskeletal and Contractile Proteins in the Aging Arterial Wall

Cellular Matrix Structure in the Aging Arterial Wall

Integrin-Mediated Mechanotransduction

Nuclear Mechanotransduction and Epigenetic Remodeling

Proinflammatory Molecular, Cellular, and Vascular Events in the Aging Arterial Wall

Antiinflammatory Pathways

Chapter 12: Platelet/Leukocyte-Vessel Wall Interactions and Early Aging

Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions in Hemostasis

Sequential Steps Mediating Platelet Adhesion to the Vessel Wall

Effect of Shear Rates

Regulation of the Adhesiveness of Platelets at the Vessel Wall

Platelet-Leukocyte Interplay

Age-Related Changes in Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions

Importance of Endothelial Dysfunction

Platelet-Endothelial Interface in the Context of Chronic Inflammation

Regulation of the Platelet/Leukocyte-Endothelial Interface by Extracellular Vesicles.

Pharmacological Concepts to Alleviate Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions in Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-443-15513-5