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Insulin : Deficiency, Excess and Resistance in Human Disease / edited by Andrew J. Krentz.
- Format:
- Book
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Endocrinology.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (446 pages)
- Edition:
- First edition.
- Place of Publication:
- London, England : Academic Press, [2023]
- Summary:
- Insulin: Deficiency, Excess and Resistance in Human Disease provides an overview of the role of insulin in the pathogenesis of prevalent non-communicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, along with a comprehensive review of insulin replacement therapies and novel cardioprotective and.
- Contents:
- Front Cover
- Insulin
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- 1 Normal physiology: insulin secretion and insulin action
- 1 Insulin biosynthesis and release in health and disease
- Insulin biosynthesis
- The insulin gene-comparative physiology
- Transcriptional regulation of insulin gene expression
- Metabolic regulation of insulin gene expression
- Regulation of preproinsulin transcript stability
- Regulation of translation of the preproinsulin transcript
- Regulation of the processing of the preproinsulin peptide
- Insulin release
- Concluding remarks
- References
- 2 Classic metabolic actions of insulin in humans: from physiology to disease and novel pharmacotherapeutics
- Introduction
- Insulin structure and synthesis
- Physiological actions of action
- Insulin transport and the insulin receptor
- Cellular insulin signaling
- Metabolic actions of insulin in classic target tissues
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Lipid metabolism
- Protein metabolism
- Insulin dose-response considerations
- Regulation of the postabsorptive metabolic state
- Response to oral glucose ingestion or mixed meals
- Fasting state
- Postprandial state
- Nonclassic roles of adipocytes: implications for insulin action and cardiometabolic disease
- Brown adipose tissue
- Amino acid and protein metabolism
- Clinical states of acute metabolic decompensation associated with insulin deficiency
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
- 3 Nonclassic effects of insulin: physiological actions on the vascular tissues and pathophysiological contributions to athe...
- Overview of insulin and cardiovascular disease
- Effects of insulin on the vascular tissues and atherogenesis.
- Insulin receptor structure and signaling in vascular cells
- Effects on insulin on blood flow and the vascular wall
- Effects on endothelial cells and selective insulin resistance
- Effects on vascular smooth muscle cells
- Effects on mitogenesis, basement membrane thickening, and extracellular matrix expansion
- Effects on thrombosis
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- 2 Role of insulin in human disease
- 4 Type 1 diabetes pathogenesis: lessons learned and remaining questions
- Clinical scenario
- What causes type 1 diabetes?
- The immune system and autoimmunity
- Destruction of pancreatic β cells by autoreactive lymphocytes
- Role of T cells in β-cell destruction
- Role of B cells in β-cell destruction
- Signaling pathways that induce β-cell destruction
- X cells: a new player in immunology and type 1 diabetes development
- Role of viruses
- Role of genetics in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes
- Genetic susceptibility
- Twin studies and family history
- Who gets type 1 diabetes?
- Epidemiology and environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes
- Age
- Gender
- Geography
- Race/ethnicity
- Seasonality of onset and birth
- Nutrition
- Others
- Unsolved mysteries of the immunology of type 1 diabetes
- Progress and hopes for the future
- 5 Insulin therapy: a century of continuing progress
- The long way to insulin therapy
- Evolution of insulin therapy over 100 years
- 1922-50: the era of rapid-acting insulin
- 1950-80: the NPH/lente insulin era-the dark ages of admixed and premixed insulins
- 1980-93: the renaissance of insulin therapy based on physiology
- 1996-present: insulin analogs and technology-assisted insulin replacement
- Insulin analogs
- The glucose clamp technique
- Rapid-acting insulin analogs
- The long-acting insulin analogs: the first- and second-generation.
- Evolution of insulin delivery technology
- Insulin pumps and artificial pancreas technology
- Adjunctive therapies to insulin
- The future of insulin
- Insulin access
- Conclusions
- Conflict of interest
- 6 Treatment and prevention of type 1 diabetes in the 21st century
- Prediction
- Diabetes prevention trial-type 1 and trialnet pathway to prevention studies
- Diabetes prevention trial-type 1 risk score
- Index60
- DPTRS60
- Autoantibody risk score
- Genetic risk score
- 6-month progression scale
- M120
- Summary of prediction measures
- Prevention of decline in β-cell function
- Contemporary management of type 1 diabetes
- Continuous glucose monitoring
- Smart insulin pens and insulin pen caps
- Artificial pancreas device systems
- Replacement of β cells
- 7 Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology: focus on insulin deficiency versus insulin resistance
- Type 2 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes: pathogenesis
- Metabolic syndrome
- Type 1 diabetes
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young
- Diagnosis of MODY
- Treatment of MODY
- Other approaches to classification
- Subclassification of people at risk for type 2 diabetes
- Ethnicity considerations
- Summary and conclusions
- 2b Syndromes of insulin excess
- 8 Congenital hyperinsulinism
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Perinatal stress-induced hyperinsulinism
- Congenital hyperinsulinism
- KATP-hyperinsulinism
- Glutamate dehydrogenase-hyperinsulinism
- Glucokinase-hyperinsulinism
- HNF4A- and HNF1A-hyperinsulinism
- UCP2-hyperinsulinism
- SCHAD-hyperinsulinism
- MCT1-hyperinsulinism
- HK1-hyperinsulinism
- Syndromic hyperinsulinism
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
- Soto syndrome
- Kabuki syndrome
- Turner syndrome.
- Congenital disorders of glycosylation
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic evaluation
- Genetic testing
- Management
- Medical therapy
- 18F-DOPA PET
- Surgery
- Diazoxide unresponsive diffuse hyperinsulinism
- Outcomes
- Glycemic outcomes
- Neurologic outcomes
- Conclusion
- 9 Hypoglycemic disorders in adults
- Clinical manifestations
- Causes of hypoglycemia
- Hypoglycemia in the setting of diabetes therapy
- Who to evaluate?
- Diagnostic approach
- The supervised fast
- Interpretation of data
- Postprandial evaluation
- Localization studies
- Insulinoma
- Medical management
- Diazoxide
- Somatostatin analogs
- Other medications
- Other therapies
- Postgastric bypass hypoglycemia
- NIPHS
- Recurrence, survival, and surveillance
- 2c Insulin resistance in human disease
- 10 Obesity and insulin resistance: pathophysiology guiding precision therapy
- Insulin resistance: substrates and genetics
- Effect of adiposity on hepatic and extrahepatic insulin action
- Insulin suppression of lipolysis
- Insulin suppression of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
- Effects of nonglucose nutrients on insulin secretion and action in people with prediabetes
- Insulin secretion, action, glucose effectiveness and postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes
- Splanchnic glucose uptake and splanchnic glucose production
- Nocturnal regulation of glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes
- Effects of cortisol and glucagon on nocturnal glucose production in type 2 diabetes
- Therapeutic approaches
- 11 The cardiometabolic syndrome and vascular disease: pivotal role of insulin
- Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis
- Role of insulin resistance in atherosclerosis.
- Role of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in microvascular disease
- Genetic and epigenetic associations with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
- Clinical features of cardiometabolic syndrome and insulin resistance
- Prevention of diabetes and ASCVD
- Medical therapies for primary prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome components: a brief overview
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 12 Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and cancer: pathogenic considerations and therapeutic opportunities
- Visceral adipose tissue, inflammation, and insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and cancer: epidemiologic links
- Visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer
- Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and cancer
- Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and cancer: mechanisms
- Systemic inflammation
- The insulin IGF-1 axis
- Insulin and IGF-1
- Insulin, IGF-1, and the tumor microenvironment
- Sex steroids
- Insulin and the gut microbiome
- Therapeutic considerations
- Exogenous insulin
- Insulin and cancer prevention
- Diet, exercise, and intentional weight loss
- Pharmacologic therapies
- Hyperinsulinemia and cancer cachexia
- Funding
- 13 Insulin and neurodegenerative diseases
- The brain is an insulin-sensitive organ
- Receptor expression in the brain
- Insulin production and transport across the blood-brain barrier
- Insulin and insulin-like signaling in the brain
- Control of cellular metabolism by insulin
- Abnormalities associated with dysregulated insulin/IGF-1 signaling
- AD brains show insulin and IGF1 resistance
- Sources of brain insulin resistance in neurodegeneration
- Diabetes interventions for the prevention or treatment of neurodegeneration
- Conclusions.
- References.
- Notes:
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Description based on print version record.
- Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
- Other Format:
- Print version: Krentz, Andrew J. Insulin
- ISBN:
- 0-323-98569-6
- OCLC:
- 1419062177
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