Sustainable solutions for environmental pollution. Volume 1, Waste management and value-added products / edited by Nour Shafik El-Gendy.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

El-Gendy, Nour Shafĭk, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biomass energy.

Refuse and refuse disposal.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (512 pages)

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley-Scrivener, [2021]

Summary:

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION This first volume in a broad, comprehensive two-volume set, Sustainable Solutions for Environmental Pollution, concentrates on the role of waste management in solving pollution problems and the value-added products that can be created out of waste, turning a negative into an environmental and economic positive. Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems facing our world today, in every country, region, and even down to local landfills. Not just solving these problems, but turning waste into products, even products that can make money, is a huge game-changer in the world of environmental engineering. Finding ways to make fuel and other products from solid waste, setting a course for the production of future biorefineries, and creating a clean process for generating fuel and other products are just a few of the topics covered in the groundbreaking new first volume in the two-volume set, Sustainable Solutions for Environmental Pollution. The valorization of waste, including the creation of biofuels, turning waste cooking oil into green chemicals, providing sustainable solutions for landfills, and many other topics are also covered in this extensive treatment on the state of the art of this area in environmental engineering. This groundbreaking new volume in this forward-thinking set is the most comprehensive coverage of all of these issues, laying out the latest advances and addressing the most serious current concerns in environmental pollution. Whether for the veteran engineer or the student, this is a must-have for any library. AUDIENCE Petroleum, chemical, process, and environmental engineers, other scientists and engineers working in the area of environmental pollution, and students at the university and graduate level studying these areas

Contents:

Cover

Half-Title Page

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface

1 An Overview of Electro-Fermentation as a Platform for Future Biorefineries

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Fundamental Mechanisms

1.3 Value-Added Products from Electro-Fermentation

1.3.1 Carboxylates

1.3.1.1 Short-Chain Carboxylates

1.3.1.2 Medium-Chain Carboxylates

1.3.2 Bioethanol

1.3.3 Bio-Butanol

1.3.4 Microalgae Derived Lipids

1.3.5 Acetoin

1.3.6 Biopolymer

1.3.7 L-lysine

1.3.8 1,3-propanediol

1.4 Challenges and Future Outlook

1.5 Acknowledgements

References

2 Biodiesel Sustainability: Challenges and Perspectives

Abbreviations

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Biodiesel Production

2.3 Factors Affecting Biodiesel Production Process

2.3.1 The Type of Feedstock

2.3.2 The Type of Alcohol

2.3.3 Effect of Alcohol to Oil Molar Ratio

2.3.4 Catalyst Concentration

2.3.5 Catalysts Type

2.3.5.1 Lipases

2.3.5.2 Acid Catalysts

2.3.5.3 Alkaline Catalysts

2.3.6 Effect of Reaction Temperature

2.3.7 Effect of Reaction Time

2.3.8 Mixing Efficiency

2.3.9 Effect of pH

2.4 Transesterification Mechanisms

2.4.1 Homogeneous Acid-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction

2.4.2 Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction

2.4.3 CaO-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction

2.4.4 Other Calcium Derived-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction

2.5 Production of Biodiesel Using Heterogeneous Catalyst Prepared from Natural Sources

2.6 Challenges and Perspectives

3 Multidisciplinary Sides of Environmental Engineering and Sustainability

3.1 Introduction

3.2 System Theory and Integrated System Approach

3.2.1 System Theory

3.2.2 The State of the System and State Variables

3.2.3 Input Variables (Parameters)

3.2.4 Design Variables (Parameters).

3.2.5 Physico-Chemical Variables (Parameters)

3.2.6 Boundaries of System

3.2.6.1 Isolated System

3.2.6.2 Closed System

3.2.6.3 Open System

3.2.7 Steady, Unsteady States and Thermodynamic Equilibrium of Systems

3.3 Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Engineering and Environmental Engineering

3.3.1 Bio-Fuels and Integrated Bio-Refineries

3.3.2 Integrated System Approach

3.4 Advanced Multi-Disciplinary Sustainable Engineering Education

3.4.1 Bio-Fuels

3.4.1.1 Bio-Hydrogen

3.4.1.2 Bio-Diesel

3.4.1.3 Bio-Ethanol

3.4.2 Bio-Products

3.4.3 Integrated Bio-Refineries

3.4.4 Development of Novel Technologies

3.4.5 Economics of Bio-Fuels and Bio-Products

3.4.6 Nano-Technology (NT)

3.4.7 Non-Linear Dynamics (NLDs), Bifurcation (B), Chaos (C) and Complexity (COMP)

3.4.8 Sustainable Development (SD), Sustainable Development Engineering (SDE), System Theory (ST) and Integrated System Approach

3.4.9 Novel Education

3.4.10 New Journal

3.5 Novel Designs for Auto-Thermal Behavior Towards Sustainability

3.5.1 Integrated System Approach Classification

3.6 Conclusions

4 Biofuels

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Composition

4.3 Classification of Biofuels

4.3.1 First-Generation Biofuels

4.3.1.1 Sugars and Starch

4.3.1.2 Cellulose

4.3.1.3 Lignin

4.3.2 Second-Generation Biofuels

4.3.3 Third-Generation Biofuels

4.4 Examples of Biofuels

4.4.1 Biodiesel

4.4.2 Bio-Alcohols

4.4.3 Bioethers

4.4.4 Biogas

4.4.5 Bio-Oil

4.4.6 Synthesis Gas

4.5 Property Variations with Source

4.6 Properties Compared to Fuels from Crude Oil Tar Sand Bitumen, Coal and Oil Shale

4.7 Fuel Specifications and Performance

4.8 Conclusion

References.

5 Sustainable Valorization of Waste Cooking Oil into Biofuels and Green Chemicals: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Waste Cooking Oil (WCO)

5.3 Biofuels from WCO

5.3.1 Biodiesel

5.3.2 Biojet Fuel

5.3.2.1 Hydro-Treatment Process

5.3.2.2 Cracking and Isomerisation Processes

5.4 Green Chemicals from WCO

5.4.1 Asphalt Rejuvenator

5.4.2 Plasticizers

5.4.3 Polyurethane Foam

5.4.4 Bio-Lubricants

5.4.5 Surfactants

5.5 Challenges and Future Work

5.6 Conclusion

6 Waste Valorization: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Routes

6.1 Background

6.2 Land Biomass vs. Oceanic Biomass

6.3 Waste Management

6.4 Waste Valorization for Adsorbents Development

6.5 Waste Valorization for Catalysts Preparations

6.6 Bio-Based Waste Valorization for Bio-Fuel and Bio-Fertilizer Production

6.6.1 Biomass Briquetting: (Bio-Fuel)

6.6.2 Composting: (Bio-Fertilizer)

6.6.3 Anaerobic Digestion: (Bio-Fuel)

6.7 Biochemical Mechanism Involved in Anaerobic Digestion System

6.7.1 Hydrolysis

6.7.2 Acidogenesis

6.7.3 Acetogenesis

6.7.4 Methanogenesis

6.8 Challenges and Recent Advances in Anaerobic Digestion

6.9 Bio-Based Waste and Bioeconomy Perspective

6.10 Conclusion

7 Electrocoagulation Process in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Decomposition of Solid Waste

7.3 Landfill Leachate Properties

7.3.1 Organic Matter

7.3.2 Inorganic Substances

7.3.3 Heavy Metals

7.3.4 Xenobiotic Organics

7.4 Characteristics of Landfill Leachate

7.5 Electrocoagulation Process

7.5.1 Fundamentals of Electrocoagulation Process

7.5.2 Mechanism of Electrocoagulation Process

7.5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages

7.6 Key Parameters of Electrocoagulation Process

7.6.1 Electrodes Material.

7.6.2 Electrodes Arrangement

7.6.3 Electrode Spacing

7.6.4 Current Density

7.6.5 Electrolysis Time

7.6.6 Initial pH

7.6.7 Agitation Speed

7.6.8 Electrolyte Conductivity

7.7 Operating Mode

7.8 Economic Analysis

7.9 Case Study: Removal of the Organic Pollutant of Colour in Natural Saline Leachate from Pulau Burung Landfill Site

7.9.1 Pulau Burung Landfill Site

7.9.2 Experimental Design

7.9.3 Results and Discussion

7.10 Gaps in Current Knowledge

7.11 Conclusion and Future Prospect

8 Sustainable Solutions for Environmental Pollutants from Solid Waste Landfills

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Domestic Solid Waste and Its Critical Environmental Issues

8.3 Landfill Leachate Characterization and Its Impact on the Environment

8.4 Effect of Landfills on Air Quality

8.5 Effect of Unsuitable Location of Landfill on Environment and Community

8.6 Recent Sustainable Technologies for Leachate Treatment

8.6.1 Effects of AOPs on Leachate Biodegradability

8.6.2 Case Study and Proposed Data for Leachate Treatment Plant Using AOPs

8.7 Sustainable Solutions for Gas Emission

8.8 Consideration for Selection of Sustainable Locations for Landfills

8.9 Conclusion

9 Progress on Ionic Liquid Pre-Treatment for Lignocellulosic Biomass Valorization into Biofuels and Bio-Products

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuels and Bio-Products

9.2.1 Cellulose

9.2.2 Hemicellulose

9.2.3 Lignin

9.3 Pre-Treatment Technologies for Lignocellulosic Biomass

9.4 Ionic Liquids for Lignocellulosic Biomass Pre-Treatment: Characteristics and Properties

9.5 Insights into Pre-Treatment Performance of Ionic Liquids

9.5.1 Interactions of Ionic Liquids with Lignocellulose

9.5.2 Effect of the Ionic Liquid Pre-Treatment on the Recovered Biomass.

9.5.3 Impact of Ionic Liquids on the Biological Tools

9.6 Concluding Remarks: Challenges Facing the Development of Ionic Liquids Use at Large Scale and Future Directions

10 Septage Characterization and Sustainable Fecal Sludge Management in Rural Nablus - Palestine

List of Abbreviations

10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 Background

10.1.2 What is Fecal Sludge?

10.1.3 Legal Considerations

10.1.4 Study Area

10.2 Septage Characteristics

10.2.1 Introduction

10.2.2 General Background of Septage Characterization

10.2.3 General Treatment of Fecal Sludge

10.3 Study Methodology

10.3.1 General

10.3.2 Research Methodology and Methods of Laboratory Analysis

10.3.2.1 Data Collection

10.3.2.2 Sampling and Storage

10.3.2.3 Sampling of Septage

10.3.2.4 Sampling of Stools and Urine

10.3.2.5 Storage of Samples

10.3.3 Characterization of Fecal Sludge (FS)

10.3.4 Statistical Analysis of Data on Characterization of FS

10.4 Septage Pre-Treatment Process

10.4.1 General Treatment Options

10.4.2 Selection of Treatment Options

10.4.3 Septage Quality Determination

10.4.4 Software Selection

10.4.4.1 Modeling by GPS-X 7.0

10.4.5 End-Use and Disposal

10.5 Results and Discussion

10.5.1 Measured Parameters for Fecal Sludge

10.5.1.1 Septage Characteristics

10.5.2 Stools Characteristics

10.5.3 Urine Characteristics

10.5.4 Specific Parameters in Details

10.5.4.1 pH and EC

10.5.4.2 Turbidity

10.5.4.3 COD/BOD5

10.5.4.4 Total Nitrogen and Ammonia

10.5.4.5 TS, TDS, and TSS

10.5.4.6 VS, VDS, and VSS

10.5.4.7 PO

-P and PO

-T

10.5.4.8 Fat and Grease

10.5.4.9 Alkalinity

10.5.4.10 TC and FC

10.6 Pre-Treatment of the Fecal Sludge - Results and Discussions

10.6.1 Quantification of Domestic Septage

10.6.2 Design Septage Characteristics.

10.6.2.1 Untreated Septage Characteristics.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119785415

1119785413

9781119785439

111978543X

9781119785422

1119785421

OCLC:

1273981054