Basic Modeling and Theory of Creep of Metallic Materials / by Rolf Sandström.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sandström, Rolf.

Series:

Springer Series in Materials Science, 2196-2812 ; 339

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Building materials.

Materials science.

Metals.

Condensed matter.

Structural Materials.

Materials Science.

Metals and Alloys.

Condensed Matter Physics.

Local Subjects:

Structural Materials.

Materials Science.

Metals and Alloys.

Condensed Matter Physics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (317 pages)

Edition:

1st ed. 2024.

Place of Publication:

Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland : Imprint: Springer, 2024.

Summary:

This open access book features an in-depth exploration of the intricate creep behavior exhibited by metallic materials, with a specific focus on elucidating the underlying mechanical properties governing their response at elevated temperatures, particularly in the context of polycrystalline alloys. Traditional approaches to characterizing mechanical properties have historically relied upon empirical models replete with numerous adjustable parameters, painstakingly tuned to match experimental data. While these methods offer practical simplicity, they often yield outcomes that defy meaningful extrapolation and application to novel systems, invariably necessitating the recalibration of parameters afresh. In stark contrast, this book compiles a compendium of models sourced from the scientific literature, meticulously crafted through ab initio methodologies rooted in fundamental physical principles. Notably, these models stand apart by their conspicuous absence of adjustable parameters. This pioneering effort is envisioned as a groundbreaking initiative, marking the first of its kind in the field. The resulting models, bereft of arbitrary tuning, offer a level of predictability hitherto unattained. Notably, they provide a secure foundation for ascertaining operational mechanisms, contributing significantly to enhancing our understanding of material behavior in high-temperature environments. This open access book is a valuable resource for researchers and seasoned students engaged in the study of creep phenomena in metallic materials. Readers will find a comprehensive exposition of these novel, parameter-free models, facilitating a deeper comprehension of the intricate mechanics governing material deformation at elevated temperatures.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Contents

1 The Role of Fundamental Modeling

1.1 Background

1.2 Description

1.3 Objectives

1.4 Layout

1.5 Supplementary Material

References

2 Stationary Creep

2.1 The Creep Process

2.2 Empirical Models of Secondary Creep

2.3 Dislocation Model

2.3.1 Work Hardening

2.3.2 Dynamic Recovery

2.3.3 Static Recovery

2.3.4 Accumulated Dislocation Model

2.4 The cL Parameter

2.5 Secondary Creep Rate

2.6 Dislocation Mobility

2.6.1 Climb Mobility

2.6.2 The Glide Mobility

2.6.3 Cross-Slip Mobility

2.6.4 The Climb Glide Mobility

2.7 Application to Aluminum

2.8 Application to Nickel

2.9 Summary

3 Stress Strain Curves

3.1 General

3.2 Empirical Methods to Describe Stress Strain Curves

3.3 Basic Model

3.3.1 The Model

3.3.2 Application to Parent Metal

3.3.3 Application to Welds

3.4 The ω Parameter in Dynamic Recovery

3.5 Summary

4 Primary Creep

4.1 General

4.2 Empirical Models for Creep Strain Curves

4.3 Dislocation Controlled Primary Creep

4.4 Stress Adaptation

4.4.1 Model

4.4.2 Numerical Integration

4.4.3 Applications

4.5 12% Cr Steels

4.5.1 Dislocation Model

4.5.2 Simulated Creep Curves

4.6 Summary

5 Creep with Low Stress Exponents

5.1 General

5.2 Model for Diffusional Creep

5.3 Grain Boundary Creep

5.4 Constrained Grain Boundary Creep

5.5 Primary Creep at Low Stresses

5.6 Creep at Low Stresses in an Austenitic Stainless Steel

5.7 Creep in Aluminium at Very Low Stresses (Harper-Dorn Creep)

5.8 Creep in Copper at Low Stresses

5.8.1 Creep of Cu-OFP at 600 °C

5.8.2 Creep of Copper at 820 °C

5.8.3 Creep of Copper at 480 °C

5.9 Summary

6 Solid Solution Hardening

6.1 General

6.2 The Classical Picture.

6.2.1 Observations

6.2.2 Issues with the Classical Picture

6.3 Modeling of Solid Solution Hardening. Slowly Diffusing Elements

6.3.1 Lattice and Modulus Misfit

6.3.2 Solute Atmospheres

6.4 Drag Stress

6.5 Modeling of Solid Solution Hardening. Fast Diffusing Elements

6.6 Summary

7 Precipitation Hardening

7.1 General

7.2 Previous Models for the Influence of Particles on the Creep Strength

7.2.1 Threshold Stress

7.2.2 Orowan Model

7.2.3 The Role of the Energy Barrier

7.3 Precipitation Hardening Based on Time Control

7.4 Application of the Precipitation Hardening Model

7.4.1 Analyzed Materials

7.4.2 Pure Copper

7.4.3 Cu-Co Alloys

7.5 Summary

8 Cells and Subgrains. The Role of Cold Work

8.1 General

8.2 Modeling of Subgrain Formation

8.2.1 The Stress from Dislocations

8.2.2 Formation of Subgrains During Creep

8.2.3 Cell Formation at Constant Strain Rate

8.3 Influence of Cold Work on the Creep Rate

8.4 Formation of a Dislocation Back Stress

8.5 Summary

9 Grain Boundary Sliding

9.1 General

9.2 Empirical Modeling of GBS During Superplasticity

9.3 Grain Boundary Sliding in Copper

9.4 Superplasticity

9.5 Summary

10 Cavitation

10.1 General

10.2 Empirical Cavity Nucleation and Growth Models

10.3 Cavitation in 9% Cr Steels

10.4 Basic Model for Cavity Nucleation

10.4.1 Thermodynamic Considerations

10.4.2 Strain Dependence

10.4.3 Comparison to Experiments for Copper

10.4.4 Comparison to Experiment for Austenitic Stainless Steels

10.5 Models for Cavity Growth

10.5.1 Unconstrained Cavity Growth Model

10.5.2 Constrained Cavity Growth

10.5.3 Strain Controlled Cavity Growth

10.5.4 Growth Due to Grain Boundary Sliding

10.6 Summary

References.

11 The Role of Cavitation in Creep-Fatigue Interaction

11.1 General

11.2 Empirical Principles for Development of Creep-Fatigue Damage

11.2.1 Fatigue and Creep Damage

11.2.2 Loops During Cyclic Loading

11.3 Deformation During Cyclic Loading

11.3.1 Basic Model for Hysteresis Loops

11.3.2 Application of the Cycling Model

11.4 Cavitation

11.4.1 Nucleation of Cavities

11.4.2 Cavity Growth

11.5 Summary

12 Tertiary Creep

12.1 General

12.2 Empirical Models for Tertiary Creep and Continuum Damage Mechanics

12.2.1 Models for Tertiary Creep

12.2.2 Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM)

12.3 Particle Coarsening

12.4 Dislocation Strengthening During Tertiary Creep

12.4.1 The Role of Substructure During Tertiary Creep

12.4.2 Accelerated Recovery Model

12.5 Necking

12.5.1 Hart's Criterion

12.5.2 Use of Omega Model

12.5.3 Basic Dislocation Model

12.5.4 Multiaxial Stress States

12.6 Summary

13 Creep Ductility

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Empirical Ductility Models

13.3 Basic Ductility Methods

13.3.1 Brittle Rupture

13.3.2 Ductile Rupture

13.4 The Role of Multiaxiality

13.4.1 Diffusion Controlled Growth

13.4.2 Strain Controlled Growth

13.4.3 Growth Due to Grain Boundary Sliding (GBS)

13.4.4 Comparison of Models

13.5 Summary

14 Extrapolation

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Empirical Extrapolation Analysis

14.2.1 Basic TTP Analysis

14.2.2 The ECCC Post-assessment Tests

14.2.3 Use of Neural Network (NN)

14.3 Error Analysis in Extrapolation

14.3.1 Model for Error Analysis

14.3.2 Error Analysis with PATs

14.3.3 Error Analysis with NN

14.4 Basic Modeling of Creep Rupture Curves

14.4.1 General

14.4.2 Secondary Creep Rate

14.4.3 Creep Strain Curves

14.4.4 Cavitation

14.4.5 Rupture Criteria.

14.4.6 Extensive Extrapolation of the Creep Rate for Cu

14.4.7 Creep Rupture Predictions for Austenitic Stainless Steels

14.5 Summary

Appendix: Derivatives in Neural Network Models (Reproduced from [37] with Permission)

Other Format:

Print version: Sandström, Rolf Basic Modeling and Theory of Creep of Metallic Materials

ISBN:

3-031-49507-1

OCLC:

1417221360