Algal Systems for Resource Recovery from Waste and Wastewater.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lens, P. N. L. (Piet N. L.)

Contributor:

Khandelwal, Amitap.

Series:

Integrated Environmental Technology Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Land treatment of wastewater.

Resource recovery facilities.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (266 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

London : IWA Publishing, 2023.

Summary:

This book explores the utilization of algal systems for resource recovery from waste and wastewater, providing comprehensive insights into existing technologies and advancements in the field. Topics covered include process fundamentals of algae-based wastewater treatment, metabolic modeling, and algae-bacteria interactions. The book also addresses the challenges and engineering solutions for wastewater treatment, and presents case studies on coculturing microalgae with methanotrophs for enhanced nutrient recovery. It discusses the valorization of algae-based processes through integration with technologies like anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading. Intended for undergraduate and graduate students in environmental sciences, the book is also valuable for researchers, engineers, and policy makers interested in algal systems for waste management. Generated by AI.

Contents:

Intro

Cover

Contents

Preface

List of Contributors

Part 1: Process Fundamentals

Chapter 1 : Algal systems for resource recovery from waste and wastewater

1.1 Process Fundamentals

1.2 Algal-Based Wastewater Treatment

1.3 Valorization of Algal Biomass by Integrating with Different Technologies

1.4 Algal Biotechnology

References

Chapter 2 : Metabolic modelling of microalgae for wastewater treatment

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Main Metabolic Pathways

2.2.1 Photosynthesis

2.2.2 Glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway

2.2.3 Tricarboxylic acid cycle

2.2.4 Glyoxylate shunt

2.2.5 Lipid biosynthesis

2.3 Genome-Scale Metabolic Models

2.4 Modelling Metabolic Networks

2.5 Tools for Steady-State Conditions

2.5.1 Elementary flux modes

2.5.1.1 Mathematical construction of EFMs

2.5.1.2 Minimal generating sets and EFM reduction

2.5.2 Flux balance analysis

2.6 Metabolic Networks Reduction

2.6.1 The DRUM framework

2.7 Case Study: Microalgae Cultivation

2.7.1 Introduction: volatile fatty acid

2.7.2 Determination of the subnetworks and accumulating metabolites

2.7.3 Derivation of MR

2.7.4 Choice of kinetic model

2.7.5 Model calibration and validation

2.7.6 Example of application: optimization of waste treatment time

2.8 Conclusion

Chapter 3 : Wastewater treatment using microalgal-bacterial consortia in the photo-activated sludge process

3.1 Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia

3.1.1 Use of microalgal-bacterial consortia in environmental technologies

3.1.2 Interactions within microalgal-bacterial consortia

3.1.3 Nutrient removal by microalgal-bacterial consortia

3.1.4 Microalgal-bacterial systems and configurations.

3.1.5 Limiting and operational conditions of microalgal-bacterial photobioreactors

3.1.5.1 Light

3.1.5.2 pH

3.1.5.3 Hydraulic retention time

3.1.5.4 Solid retention time

3.2 Advantages of Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia for Ammonium Removal

3.2.1 Advantages on ammonium removal rates

3.2.2 Operational conditions and area requirement

3.2.3 Photo-oxygenation and algal harvesting

3.3 Microalgal-Bacterial Modelling

3.4 Integration of Photoactivated Sludge in Wastewater Treatment Concepts

3.5 Conclusions

Chapter 4 : Macroalgae biorefinery and its role in achieving a circular economy

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Macroalgae Species

4.2.1 Green algae

4.2.2 Brown algae

4.2.2.1 Laminaria sp.

4.2.2.2 Sargassum sp.

4.3 Biomaterials and Bioproducts from Macroalgae

4.4 Biofuels from Macroalgae

4.4.1 Biogas

4.4.2 Biohydrogen

4.4.3 Biohythane

4.4.4 Bioethanol and biobutanol

4.4.4.1 Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation

4.4.4.2 Biobutanol

4.4.4.3 Bioethanol

4.5 Macroalgal Biorefineries

4.5.1 Biorefinery concepts

4.5.2 Key processes

4.5.2.1 Anaerobic digestion

4.5.2.2 Reactor design

4.5.3 Key challenges of macroalgal biorefineries

4.6 Conclusion

Part 2: Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment

Chapter 5 : Wastewater treatment by microalgae-based processes

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Current Status of Microalgae-Related Wastewater Treatment Processes

5.2.1 Biology of microalgae-bacteria consortia

5.2.2 Engineering of photobioreactors

5.2.3 Harvesting and processing of the biomass

5.3 Major Challenges of Microalgae-Related Wastewater Treatment Processes

5.3.1 Improvement of biological systems.

5.3.2 Allocation and implementation of large-scale facilities

5.3.3 Optimal operation of processes

5.3.4 Develop valuable applications of microalgae biomass

5.4 Relevance of Developing Microalgae-Related Wastewater Treatment Processes

5.4.1 Improvement of sustainability of wastewater treatment

5.4.2 Distributed wastewater treatment

5.4.3 Reuse of effluents in agriculture

Acknowledgements

Chapter 6 : Microalgae-methanotroph cocultures for carbon and nutrient recovery from wastewater

6.1 Background

6.2 Overview of Microalgae-Methanotroph Cocultures: A Promising W2V Platform for Wastewater Treatment

6.3 Experimental and Computational Tools for Real-Time Characterization of the Microalgae-Methanotroph Cocultures

6.3.1 Accurate measurement of gas component uptake and production rates in bioconversion

6.3.2 Quantitative characterization of microalgae-methanotroph cocultures

6.4 Semi-Structured Kinetic Modeling of the Coculture

6.5 Integrated Nutrient Recovery and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Wastewater Using Microalgae-Methanotroph Cocultures

6.5.1 Choice of a suitable biocatalyst

6.5.2 Coculture tolerance to contaminants in raw biogas

6.5.3 Freshwater consumption required by wastewater treatment

6.5.4 Pretreatment of AD effluent

6.5.5 Advantage of the coculture over sequential single cultures in carbon and nutrient recovery

6.6 Next-Generation Photobioreactors

6.7 Outlook and Conclusion

Part 3: Integration with Other Technologies

Chapter 7 : Microalgae cultivation in bio-electrochemical systems

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Use of Algae in MFCs

7.2.1 Algae as primary producers

7.2.2 Algae metabolism

7.2.3 Large-scale microalgae cultivation

7.3 Role of Algae in PMFCs.

7.3.1 Algal species tested in MFC cathode compartment

7.3.2 Mechanism of bioelectricity generation in PMFCs

7.4 PMFC Design Parameters

7.4.1 Dual chambers vs sediment MFCs

7.4.2 Construction materials, electrolytes, electrodes and separators

7.4.3 Electrode materials

7.4.4 Separators

7.4.5 Effect of light intensity, temperature, DO, CO 2 , pH and salts

7.5 Economic Importance of PMFCs

7.6 Future Perspectives

Chapter 8 : Integrated anaerobic digestion and algae cultivation

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Algae Cultivation from AD Residues

8.2.1 Liquid effluent

8.2.2 Digestate

8.3 AD as Energetic Valorization Route of Algae Biomass

8.3.1 AD of microalgae

8.3.2 Pretreatment of microalgal biomass

8.3.3 Anaerobic co-digestion

8.4 Algae Cultivation for Biogas Upgrading

8.5 Coupling Technologies for Sustainable Biorefineries

8.5.1 Biorefinery based on integrated microalgae and AD technologies

8.5.2 Environmental impacts of integrated microalgae and AD technologies

8.5.3 Insights for improving the sustainability performance of integrated microalgae and AD technologies

8.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives

Chapter 9 : Algae for wastewater treatment and biofuel production

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Characterization of Microalgae Grown in Wastewater for Biofuel Production

9.3 Biodiesel Production from Microalgae Grown in Wastewater

9.3.1 Biodiesel production process

9.3.2 Types of microalgae grown in wastewater for biodiesel production

9.4 Bioethanol Production from Microalgae Grown in Wastewater

9.4.1 Bioethanol production process

9.4.2 Hydrolysis

9.4.3 Fermentation

9.5 Conclusions and Perspectives

Part 4: Algal Biotechnology.

Chapter 10 : Advanced value-added bioproducts from microalgae

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Market Value of Algae-Based High-Value Compounds

10.3 High-Value Products Used in Different Sectors

10.3.1 Cosmetics

10.3.2 Pharmaceuticals

10.3.3 Food supplements

10.3.3.1 Protein content of algae

10.3.3.2 Single-cell protein

10.3.3.3 Carbohydrates

10.3.3.4 Lipids

10.3.3.5 Vitamins

10.3.3.6 Minerals

10.3.4 Agricultural products

10.3.4.1 Biofertilizer/biostimulants

10.3.4.2 Plant growth-promoting substances/hormones

10.3.4.3 Biopesticides

10.3.5 Construction sector

10.4 Constraints of Algal Biomass Production and Application

10.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Chapter 11 : Production of biopolymers from microalgae and cyanobacteria

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Structure and Properties of Biodegradable Bioplastics

11.3 Employing Microalgae and Cyanobacteria for Bioplastic Production

11.3.1 Cultivation conditions

11.3.1.1 Photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, or mixotrophic operational mode

11.3.1.2 Nutrient availability

11.3.1.3 Light

11.3.1.4 Wastewater as a feedstock for microalgae and cyanobacteria cultivation

11.3.2 Advantages of PHA production from microalgae and cyanobacteria compared to bacteria

11.3.3 PHA blends

11.3.3.1 PHA blends with raw materials

11.3.3.2 PHA blends with biodegradable polymers

11.4 Downstream Processing of Bioplastic Recovery from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria

11.4.1 Harvesting

11.4.1.1 Centrifugation

11.4.1.2 Filtration

11.4.1.3 Flocculation and coagulation

11.4.1.4 Gravity sedimentation

11.4.1.5 Flotation

11.4.2 Drying

11.4.3 Extraction

11.5 Challenges and Future Perspectives.

11.6 Conclusion.

Notes:

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Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

OCLC:

1423211754