A step-by-step guide to exploratory factor analysis with R and Rstudio / Marley W. Watkins.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Watkins, Marley W., 1949- author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

R (Computer program language).

Factor analysis--Computer programs.

Factor analysis.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (199 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.

Summary:

"This is a concise, easy to use, step-by-step guide for applied researchers conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the open source software R. In this book, Dr. Watkins systematically reviews each decision step in EFA with screen shots of R and RStudio code and recommends evidence-based best practice procedures. This is an eminently applied, practical approach with few or no formulas and is aimed at readers with little to no mathematical background. Dr. Watkins maintains an accessible tone throughout and uses minimal jargon and formula to help facilitate grasp of the key issues users will face when applying EFA, along with how to implement, interpret, and report results. Copious scholarly references and quotations are included to support the reader in responding to editorial reviews. This is a valuable resource for upper level undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for more experienced researchers undertaking multivariate or structure equation modeling courses across the behavioral, medical, and social sciences"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Endorsements

Half Title

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Figures

Preface

1. Introduction

Historical Foundations

Conceptual Foundations

Graphical Displays and Vocabulary

2. Data

Dataset 1

Dataset 2

Dataset 3

Dataset 4

3. R and RStudio Software

R and RStudio

R Packages

4. Importing and Saving Data and Results

Importing a Correlation Matrix

Data Packages

Saving Data

Saving Results

5. Decision Steps in Exploratory Factor Analysis

Flowchart of Decision Steps (Figure 5.1)

Checklist of Decision Steps (Figure 5.2)

6. Step 1: Variables to Include

Report

7. Step 2: Participants

Characteristics of Participants

Number of Participants

8. Step 3: Data Screening

Assumptions

Restricted Score Range

Linearity

Data Distributions

Outliers

Missing Data

9. Step 4: Is Exploratory Factor Analysis Appropriate

10. Step 5: Factor Analysis Model

11. Step 6: Factor Extraction Method

12. Step 7: How Many Factors to Retain

Empirical Guidelines

Theoretical Knowledge

Model Selection

13. Step 8: Rotate Factors

Orthogonal versus Oblique Rotation

Factor Loadings

Eigenvalues and Variance Extracted

14. Step 9: Interpret Exploratory Factor Analysis Results

Model Selection Guidelines

Model Evaluation

Model 3

Model 2

Model 1

Factor Names

15. Step 10: Report Exploratory Factor Analysis Results

Factor Scores

Cautions

16. Exploratory Factor Analysis with Categorical Variables

Data

Participants

Data Screening

Is EFA Appropriate

Factor Analysis Model

Factor Extraction Method

How Many Factors to Retain

Rotate Factors

Interpret Results

17. Higher-Order and Bifactor Models.

Higher-Order Models

Schmid-Leiman Transformation of Higher-Order Models

Bifactor Models

Alternative Measures of Reliability

18. Exploratory versus Confirmatory Factor Analysis

CFA Model Fit

CFA Model Respecification

CFA Model Assumptions

Exploratory Use of CFA

EFA versus CFA

Practice Exercises

Exercise 1

Variables Included

Is the Data Appropriate?

Is EFA Appropriate?

What Model of Factor Analysis Was Employed?

What Factor Extraction Method Was Used?

How Many Factors Were Retained?

What Factor Rotation Was Applied?

Interpretation of Results

Report Results

Exercise 1 Report

Method

Results

Exercise 2

Are the Data Appropriate for EFA?

How Many Factor to Retain?

Factor Models: Three Factors

Factor Models: Two Factors

Factor Models: One Factor

Factor Models: Robustness Evaluation of Two-Factor Model

References and Resources

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-00-312000-8

1-000-33682-4

1-003-12000-8

1-000-33656-5

9781003120001

OCLC:

1195819727