The Cold War in universities : U.S. and Soviet cultural diplomacy, 1945-1990 / Natalia Tsvetkova.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

T︠S︡vetkova, N. A. (Natalʹi︠a︡ Aleksandrovna), author.

Series:

New Perspectives on the Cold War ; 9.

New Perspectives on the Cold War ; 9

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cultural diplomacy--Soviet Union--History.

Cultural diplomacy.

Cultural diplomacy--United States--History--20th century.

Education, Higher--American influences--History--20th century.

Education, Higher.

Physical Description:

1 online resource.

Place of Publication:

Leiden, Netherlands ; Boston, Massachusetts : Brill, [2022]

Summary:

In Cold War in Universities: U.S. and Soviet Cultural Diplomacy, 1945-1990 Natalia Tsvetkova recounts how the United States and the Soviet Union aspired to transform overseas academic institutions according to their political aims during the Cold War. The book depicts how U.S. and Soviet attempts to impose certain values, disciplines, teaching models, structures, statutes, and personnel at universities in divided Germany, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, both Vietnams, and Cuba as well as Guatemala were foiled by sabotage, ignorance, and resistance on the part of the local academic elite, particularly professors. Often at odds with local academic communities, U.S. and Soviet university policies endured unexpected frustrations as their efforts toward Americanization and Sovietization faced developmental setbacks, grassroots resistance, and even political fear.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction

1 The Cold War, Cultural Diplomacy, and Universities

2 Universities in Cultural Cold War Studies

3 Archival Documents: What They Reveal

4 Theoretical Discussion: Realism, Constructivism, Americanization/Sovietization, Response Concept, or Fear?

1. Europe: Opposition of "Conservative" Professors to U.S. and Soviet Transformations in German

1 Introduction

2 U.S. and Soviet Cultural Offensive in Universities of Divided Germany: Making a Pliable Professor

2.1 Facing the Old Professors: U.S. and Soviet Perceptions

2.2 Purging Rectors

2.3 Purging Professors

2.4 Pliable Professors?

2.5 U.S. and Soviet Institutions in German Universities

3 Opposition of "Conservative Professors" to U.S. and Soviet Reforms

3.1 U.S. Advisors and Opposed Professors

3.2 Soviet Advisors and Opposed Professors

4 Conclusion

2. Middle East and Central Asia: Americanization, Sovietization, and Resistance in Afghanistan

2 Kabul University under the Control of the United States

2.1 Promoting the Faculty of Engineering

2.2 English as the Language of Instruction

2.3 Turmoil and Termination of Projects

2.4 Aftermath…

3 Kabul University under Soviet Control

3.1 Purging Everything "American"

4 Professors and Students at Kabul University: Resistance to Americanization and Sovietization

4.1 Professors against U.S. and Soviet Advisors

4.2 Students against U.S. and Soviet Advisors

5 Conclusion

3. Africa: When Development and Professors Erased U.S. and Soviet Transformations in Universities

2 U.S. Advisors at Haile Selassie I University: Under the Pressure of Ethiopianization

2.1 Building a University Scattered across the City

2.2 Faculty of Education: Between Success and Failure.

2.3 Ethiopianization: A Clash between Local and U.S. Professors

2.4 Anti-Americanism of Students: Undermining American Transformations

3 Soviet Advisors at Bahar Dar Polytechnic Institute: Caught between Sabotaged Professors and Loyal Students

3.1 The Ethiopian Government versus Soviet Advisors

3.2 Professors: Sabotage against Russians

3.3 Students: Between Government Repression and Soviet Marxism

4. Asia-Pacific: Sabotage of Academics against U.S. and Soviet Strangers in Vietnam

2 Making Teachers of English: U.S. Education Policy in Saigon

2.1 The University of Saigon and the Faculty of Pedagogy: Making a Teacher

2.2 U.S. Advisors at Schools: Building Infrastructure

2.3 Successes, Failures, and Consequences of American Reforms

3 Making Teachers of Russian: Soviet Education Policy in Hanoi

3.1 Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages at Hanoi: Making a Teacher of Russian Language

3.2 Soviet Advisors at Schools: Teaching Children

3.3 Successes, Failures, and Consequences of Soviet Reforms

5. Latin America and Caribbean: Fear in U.S. and Soviet University Policy in Guatemala and Cuba

2 The Policy of "Low Gringo Visibility" at Guatemalan Universities

2.1 Beginnings of U.S. Cultural Diplomacy before the Cold War

2.2 Imposing Social Service at San Carlos University: Extending the Functions of a Traditional University

2.3 Fear and a Policy of Low Gringo Visibility

2.4 Leaving the Traditional University: The Shift to Alternative Academies

3 The Policy of Appeasement by "Russo Soviético" in Cuba

3.1 Approaching the Universities of Latin America

3.2 Soviets at the University of Havana: Fear of Loss

3.3 Soviets at Alternative Academies: Facing Opposition and Denial

Conclusion

Bibliography.

Archival Sources

National Archives Records Administration (NARA), College Park, MA, United States

Records group 59, General Records of the Department of State

Records group 260, Records of US Occupation Headquarters. World War II. Office of Military Government of the United States

Records group 286, Agency for International Development

Records group 353, Records of Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees (State Department)

University of Arkansas Library, Fayetteville, AR, United States

Special Collections, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Historical Collection

State Archive of Russian Federation (GARF), Moscow, Russia

Records group P-7317, Files of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany

Records group P-7133, The Main Office of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt

Records group 9518, The Committee on Cultural Ties with Foreign Countries at the Council of Ministers, 1957-1987

Records group 9563, The Ministry of Education of the USSR, 1966-1988

Records group 9606, The Ministry of Higher and Vocational Education of the USSR

Records group 9661, State Committee on People's Education, 1988-1991

Russian State Archive of Social-Political History (RGASPI), Moscow, Russia

Records group 17, Central Committee of the Communist Party

Russian State Archive of Modern History (RGANI), Moscow, Russia

Records group 5, Central Committee of Communist Party. Records of the Education and Science Commission, 1949-1991

Interviews

Published Documents

Literature

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

90-04-47178-2

OCLC:

1272999189

Publisher Number:

10.1163/9789004471788 DOI