Green Gasoline : A Green Spark Transportation Fuel / edited by Mohammad Aslam, Shrikant Maktedar, and Anil Kumar Sarma.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Aslam, Mohammad, editor.

Maktedar, Shrikant, editor.

Sarma, Anil Kumar, editor.

Series:

Green chemistry series ; Number 77.

Green Chemistry Series : ; Number 77

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Gasoline.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (370 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : The Royal Society of Chemistry, [2024]

Summary:

Green Gasoline covers a range of new technologies being used to produce green gasoline products and compares them to traditional fuels in terms of sustainability.

Contents:

Cover

Preface

Contents

Chapter 1 Origin and Historical Perspectives of Green Gasoline

1.1 Introduction

1.2 History of Green Gasoline

1.3 Origin of Green Gasoline

1.4 Green Gasoline Processes

1.4.1 Physical Pretreatment Methods

1.4.2 Processes for Green Gasoline

1.5 Technoeconomic Aspects of Green Gasoline

1.5.1 Commercialization Aspects

1.5.2 Environmental Aspects of Green Gasoline

1.5.3 Current Status of Technologies for Green Gasoline Production

1.5.4 Value-added Chemicals: Opportunities and Market Status of Biofuels

1.6 Challenges and Future Prospects for Green Gasoline

1.7 Conclusion

Abbreviations

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 2 Feedstocks for Green Gasoline

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Desirable Feedstocks

2.3 Types of Feedstock

2.3.1 First- generation Feedstocks

2.3.2 Second-generation Feedstocks

2.3.3 Algae as a Third-generation Feedstock

2.4 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Current Lignocellulosic Biomass Logistics and Challenges

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Types and Significance of Biomass Supply Chains

3.2.1 Forest Biomass Supply Chain

3.2.2 Agricultural Biomass Supply Chain

3.2.3 Grass Biomass Supply Chain

3.3 Categorizing Logistics Operations

3.3.1 Harvesting and Collection

3.3.2 Storage

3.3.3 Transportation

3.3.4 Preprocessing of Biomass

3.4 Factors Affecting Logistics Operations

3.4.1 Climatic

3.4.2 Geographic

3.5 Evolution of Logistics Models

3.5.1 SHAM - Straw Handling Model

3.5.2 Linear Programming (LP) Model

3.5.3 Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) Model

3.5.4 Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) Model

3.5.5 Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics-multi- crop (IBSAL- MC) Model

3.6 Challenges of Biomass Logistics Studies

3.6.1 Biomass Availability and Cost.

3.6.2 Biomass Production and Sustainable Harvesting

3.6.3 Biomass Quality

3.6.4 Biomass Storage Systems

3.6.5 Biomass Transportation and Handling

3.6.6 Scale- up Challenges

3.6.7 Biomass Pretreatment

3.6.8 Biomass Saccharification

3.7 Conclusions and Future Scope

Chapter 4 Catalysts for Green Gasoline Processing

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Catalysts for Green Gasoline Processing

4.2.1 Catalysts for Green Gasoline Production Made from Oil Feedstocks

4.2.2 Catalysts for Green Gasoline Production Made Through a Biotechnological Route

4.2.3 Catalysts for Green Gasoline Production Made from Biomass Syngas

4.2.4 Catalysts for Green Gasoline Production Made from Cellulosic Biomass

4.2.5 Catalysts for Green Gasoline Production Made by a Refinery Integration Process

4.3 Conclusion

Chapter 5 Conversion Technologies for Green Gasoline

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Biomass Feedstocks for the Synthesis of Green Gasoline

5.3 Conversion Techniques for Green Gasoline

5.3.1 Thermochemical Conversion Techniques

5.3.2 Chemical Conversion Techniques

5.3.3 Biochemical Conversion Techniques

5.3.4 Biomass-derived Chemical-based Conversion Techniques

5.4 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Recent Advances and Challenges in Biobutanol Production

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Challenges and Their Possible Solutions for Biobutanol Production

6.3 Recent Advances for Enhancement of Biobutanol Yield

6.3.1 Genetic and Pathway Modifications toImprove Solvent Tolerance and Reduce Sporulation

6.3.2 Metabolic Engineering of Fermentative Organisms

6.3.3 Development of Efficient MicrobialConsortia for Enhancing Biomass Fermentation

6.3.4 Advanced Fermentation Techniques for Biobutanol Production.

6.3.5 Different Types of Fermentation for Biobutanol Production

6.4 Future Perspectives and Conclusion

Chapter 7 Conversion of Biomass to Green Gasoline: Feedstocks, Technological Advances and Commercial Scope

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Potential of Biomass for Green Gasoline

7.1.2 Technical Specification of Green Gasoline

7.2 Feedstocks for Green Gasoline Production

7.2.1 Wood Chips

7.2.2 Bagasse

7.2.3 Vegetable Oils

7.2.4 Blend of Bio-oil and Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO)

7.3 Biomass-to-green Gasoline Conversion Techniques

7.3.1 Gasification

7.3.2 Pyrolysis

7.3.3 Aqueous-phase Processing

7.3.4 Hydroprocessing

7.3.5 Co-processing

7.4 Challenges and Commercial Scope

7.4.1 Successful Commercialization of Biomass-to-green Gasoline Conversion

7.5 Future Recommendations

7.6 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Green Gasoline: Integrated Production Processes, Future Perspectives and Technoeconomic Feasibility

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Green Gasoline Feedstocks

8.3 Conventional Thermochemical Production Technologies

8.3.1 Gasification

8.3.2 Pyrolysis

8.3.3 Liquefication

8.3.4 Bio-oil Upgrading

8.4 Integrated Pathways for Production of Green Gasoline

8.4.1 Biochemical Conversion Route 1

8.4.2 Platform Chemical-based Conversion Processes [2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF)]

8.4.3 Coupled Conversion Pathways

8.5 Technical and Economic Feasibility and Future Perspectives

8.6 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Characterization of Green Gasoline: Existing Standards

9.1 Green Gasoline

9.1.1 Green Gasoline Versus Normal Gasoline

9.1.2 Catalytic Processing of Green Gasoline

9.2 Characteristics of Green Gasoline

9.3 Standard Specification for Gasoline

9.3.1 ASTM D4814: Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-ignition Engine Fuel.

9.3.2 Gasoline EN 228: European Standard

9.4 Existing Standard Methods for Conventional Gasoline Testing

9.4.1 Acidity (Total Acid Number)

9.4.2 Aromatics, Olefins, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

9.4.3 Ash

9.4.4 Carbon Residue

9.4.5 Cetane Number

9.4.6 Cloud Point

9.4.7 Colour

9.4.8 Copper Strip Corrosion

9.4.9 Density

9.4.10 Alcohols

9.4.11 FAME Content

9.4.12 Flash Point

9.4.13 Hydrogen Content

9.4.14 Naphthalenes

9.4.15 Research Octane Number (RON)

9.4.16 Oxidation Stability

9.4.17 Phosphorus Content

9.4.18 Particulates

9.4.19 Silicon Content

9.4.20 Total Sulfur

9.4.21 Trace Metals

9.4.22 Vapour Pressure

9.4.23 Viscosity

9.4.24 Water Content

9.5 Testing for Green Gasoline

9.5.1 ASTM D1319: Standard Test Method forHydrocarbon Type in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption

9.5.2 ASTM D3606: Standard Test Method forDetermination of Benzene and Toluene in Spark Ignition Fuels by Gas Chromatography

9.5.3 ASTM D5769: Standard Test Method forDetermination of Benzene, Toluene andTotal Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

9.5.4 ASTM D86: Standard Test Method forDistillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

9.5.5 ASTM D5599: Standard Test Method forDetermination of Oxygenates in Gasoline byGas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection

9.5.6 ASTM D2622: Standard Test Method forSulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

9.6 Instrumentation for Green Gasoline Production

9.6.1 Flash Point Tester

9.6.2 Distillation Analysers

9.6.3 Vapour Pressure Analysers

9.6.4 Octane Number Analysers

9.6.5 Density Meters

9.6.6 Viscometers

9.6.7 Karl Fischer Titration

9.7 Conclusion.

Acknowledgements

Chapter 10 Transportation Biofuels: Green Gasoline, Bioethanol, Biodiesel and Green Diesel - A Comparison

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Top Value-added Transportation Fuels

10.2.1 Biofuels

10.2.2 Biodiesel

10.2.3 Green Diesel

10.2.4 Renewable Gasoline

10.2.5 Dimethyl Ether

10.2.6 Bio- CNG

10.2.7 Biobutanol

10.3 Conclusion

Chapter 11 Expediency of Green Gasoline in Internal Combustion Engines

11.1 Introduction

11.1.1 History Behind Green Gasoline

11.2 Processes Involved in Green Gasoline Production

11.2.1 Green Gasoline Production Through Gasification

11.2.2 Green Gasoline Production Through Pyrolysis

11.2.3 Green Gasoline Production ThroughCo- processing Technology and Vegetable Oil

11.2.4 Green Gasoline Production from Algae and Liquid-phase Processing

11.3 Green Gasoline Challenges in Moving from the Laboratory Scale to the Industrial Scale

11.4 Utilization of Different Alternative Fuels in Spark-ignition Engines

11.5 Conclusion

Chapter 12 Green Anti-knock Agents for Enhancement of Gasoline Performance

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Properties of Green Gasoline

12.2.1 Octane Number

12.2.2 Volatility of Gasoline

12.2.3 Oxidation Stability of Gasoline

12.2.4 Corrosion Properties of Gasoline

12.2.5 Density of Gasoline

12.3 Knock in Spark-ignition (SI) Engines

12.4 Chemical Causes of Knocking

12.5 Types of Anti- knock Agents

12.5.1 Tetraethyllead (TEL)

12.5.2 Ethanol

12.5.3 Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE)

12.5.4 Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE)

12.5.5 Ferrocene

12.5.6 Methylcyclopentadienylmanganese Tricarbonyl (MMT)

12.5.7 Iron Pentacarbonyl

12.5.8 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

12.6 Future Perspectives

Chapter 13 Green Gasoline: A Technoeconomic Analysis

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 Production Methodologies.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-83767-007-2

1-83767-008-0