BIDE's Diabetes Desk Book For Healthcare Professionals Abdul Basit [and four others]

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Basit, Abdul, 1942- author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Diabetes.

Diabetes Mellitus.

Medical Subjects:

Diabetes Mellitus.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Edition:

First edition

Other Title:

Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology's diabetes desk book

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, MA Stacy Masucci [2024]

Summary:

BIDE's Diabetes Desk Book: For Healthcare Professionals offers a holistic approach to diabetes management, including the most current evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating adults and children with all forms of diabetes. The book offers guidelines on the management of infections in diabetes and the management of diabetes. It is based on a successful cost-effective model for countries to utilize at the national level to address important issues such as diabetic foot, gestational diabetes, and diabetes education. This is an essential international resource that provides information on primary prevention strategies to encourage diabetes-related research

Contents:

Intro

BIDE's Diabetes Desk Book: For Healthcare Professionals

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: Decades of BIDE's journey and experience for LMICs

Why was the need felt to establish BIDE in Pakistan?

What were the steps in the progression and development of BIDE?

To tackle the rising burden of DM through capacity building

To help in establishing national-level diabetes care programs

Creation of the National Association of Diabetes Educators Pakistan (NADEP)

National diabetic foot program

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention and control program-Pakistan

The Ramadan and Hajj Study Group Pakistan

Establishment of Advisory Board for the Care of Diabetes (ABCD) of Pakistan

BRIGHT guidelines

PROMPT guidelines

Linkages between multiple stakeholders especially through advocacy

BIDE IDF Center of Education (IDF-CoE)

IDF YLD program/faculty

Linkages of BIDE with DAP and WHO collaborating center

Advocacy

To address issues of affordability and accessibility

Insulin My Life (IML)

To help increase public awareness, including primary prevention strategies

To encourage diabetes-related research

How can BIDE experiences help establish diabetes care services especially in LMICs?

To tackle the rising burden of diabetes through capacity building

To develop linkages between multiple stakeholders, especially through advocacy

To address the issues of affordability and accessibility

To help increase public awareness

To encourage diabetes-related research studies

References

Chapter 2: Diabetes etiopathology, classification, diagnosis, and epidemiology

Diabetes mellitus

Classification of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy

Other causes of diabetes

Monogenic diabetes syndromes

Diabetes of the exocrine pancreas

Drug or chemical-induced diabetes

Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus

Overlapping of T1DM and T2DM-Ambiguous classification at the time of presentation

Aetiopathogenesis of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Epidemiology of diabetes

Gender distribution

Urban and rural distribution

Regional distribution

Country distribution

Undiagnosed diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Deaths due to diabetes

The economic impact of diabetes

Diagnosis of diabetes

Diagnostic criteria for diabetes

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Random plasma glucose (RPG)

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Autoimmune markers for type 1 diabetes

Screening and testing for type 1 diabetes

Screening and testing for prediabetes

Diagnosis of prediabetes

Chapter 3: Nonpharmacological management of diabetes and self-monitoring of blood glucose

Introduction

Goals of medical nutrition therapy for diabetes

Medical nutrition therapy

Frequency of initial encounters

Follow-up encounters

Considerations for decision on requirement of additional MNT encounters

Nutrition assessment during MNT encounters

Biochemical data, medical tests, and medication usage

Nutrition-focused physical findings

PWD history

Food and nutrition-related history

Psychosocial situation of the PWD

Individualize nutrition prescription

Energy intake

Encouragement of healthy eating plans for normal weight adults with DM

Encouragement of reduced energy (calorie) eating plans for overweight and obese adults with DM

Macronutrient composition

Individualize macronutrient composition

Carbohydrate management strategies

Carbohydrate management strategies for T1DM and T2DM

Educate on relation between carbohydrates and insulin doses or secretagogues

Advise adults with T2DM on MNT alone or noninsulin secretagogues

Encourage fiber intake

Advise on glycemic index and glycemic load

Carbohydrates and glycemic index and glycemic load

Suggestions of foods with low GI

Nutritive sweeteners

Protein intake and hypoglycemia and protein intake and diabetic kidney disease (DKD)

Guidance on hypoglycemia and protein intake

No protein restriction for DKD

Effect of type of protein on DKD

Cardioprotective eating pattern

Encourage cardioprotective eating pattern

Encourage individualized reduction in sodium intake

Vitamin, mineral, and/or herbal supplementation

Advise on vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplementation

Physical activity

Encourage individualized physical activity plan

Guidance on prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia related to physical activity

Education on glucose monitoring

Coordination of care

General guidelines for nutrition recommendations

Macronutrients

Micronutrients

Water

How to incorporate the five food groups in a healthy diet (practical guidance)

Fruit and vegetables

Snacks and desserts

Healthy snacks and desserts

Strategies for unhealthy snacking or desserts

Sticking to the plan while eating out

How to carb count

Ways to prevent blood glucose spikes after meals

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)

Importance of SMBG

Benefits of SMBG

Limitations of SMBG

SMBG in special situations

Potential obstacles to improving outcomes with SMBG

Frequency recommendations for SMBG

International recommendations

Focused SMBG by using ``pattern analysis´´ for noninsulin users

SMBG guidelines and recommendations from Pakistan

Chapter 4: Pharmacological management of diabetes

Pharmacological agents to treat type 2 DM (T2DM)

Noninsulin therapy

Insulin sensitizers

Biguanides

Thiazolidinediones

Insulin secretagogues

Sulphonylureas (Table 4.2)

Nonsulfonylurea secretagogues

Meglitinides (Table 4.3)

Medications that slow glucose absorption

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Medications that improve or enhance incretin function

The incretin mimetics-Glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) (Table 4.4)

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i)

Medications that work independently of insulin action

Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) (Table 4.6)

Insulin therapy

Human insulin

Insulin analogs

Commercially available insulins (Table 4.7)

Insulin preparations

Rapid-Acting (Prandial or Bolus) Insulin Analogs (RAAs)

Short-Acting (Prandial or Bolus) Regular Insulin

Intermediate-Acting Insulins (NPH)

Long-Acting (Basal) Insulin Analogs

Premixed insulins

Insulin/noninsulin injectable combinations

Insulin appearance

Insulin absorption

Insulin injection sites

Injection site rotation

Insulin injecting technique

Complications of insulin therapy

Hypoglycemia

Lipoatrophy

Lipohypertrophy

Pharmacologic treatment of hyperglycemia in T2DM

First-line therapy-Single agent [2]

Dual therapy [2]

Triple therapy

Therapy in specific situations [2]

Reducing the risk of hypoglycemia

Minimize weight gain/promote weight loss

Economic and accessibility issues

Insulin therapy in T2DM

Glycemic targets

Insulin initiation and titration

When fasting glycemic levels are increased

When only postprandial glycemic levels are increased

When both fasting and postprandial glycemic levels are increased

Chapter 5: Acute emergencies in diabetes

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Epidemiology of DKA

Definition

Pathophysiology of DKA

Precipitating factors

Clinical features

Investigations

Differential diagnosis

Management of DKA

Goals of therapy

Severity assessment of DKA

Immediate supportive measures

Replenishment of circulating volume and potassium administration

Insulin administration

Regular monitoring

Phosphate depletion

Bicarbonate supplementation

Calcium and magnesium

Emergency steps in DKA treatment

DKA in specific situations

Pregnancy

Pump users

Euglycemic DKA in association with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors

Complications and mortality from DKA

Cerebral edema

Recurrent DKA and its prevention

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Diagnostic evaluation

Management

Complications

Prognosis

Lactic acidosis

Pathogenesis

Management of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA)

Introduction/epidemiology

Definition and pathophysiology

Level 1 hypoglycemia

Level 2hypoglycemia

Level 3 hypoglycemia

Risk factors for hypoglycemia

Prevention and risk factors assessment

Exercise-induced hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia during Ramadan

Fear of hypoglycemia

Management of hypoglycemia

Conscious, alert, and oriented individuals

Conscious, confused, and unable to cooperate but able to swallow individuals

Notes:

Unconscious, outdoor (ambulatory) individuals

Description based on print version record

ISBN:

0443221073

9780443221071

OCLC:

1515238376

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license