Stress Echocardiography / edited by Eugenio Picano.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Picano, Eugenio, 1958- editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cardiology.

Internal medicine.

Emergency medicine.

Ultrasonics.

Internal Medicine.

Emergency Medicine.

Local Subjects:

Cardiology.

Internal Medicine.

Emergency Medicine.

Ultrasonics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (675 pages)

Edition:

7th ed. 2023.

Place of Publication:

Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2023.

Summary:

This is the seventh edition of a long-selling book (first edition 1991) that was translated into Italian, French, Chinese, Portuguese, Spanish, English. In the last ten years, stress echocardiography has exploded in its breadth and variety of applications. From a one-fits-all approach (wall motion by 2D-echo in the patient with known or suspected coronary artery disease), the field has progressed to an omnivorous, next-generation laboratory employing a variety of technologies (from M-Mode to 2D, from pulsed, continuous, color and tissue Doppler to lung ultrasound) on patients covering the entire spectrum of severity (from elite athletes to patients with end-stage heart failure) and ages (from children with congenital heart disease to the elderly with aortic stenosis). This new edition is enriched with over 300 figures, 150 tables and video-clips. In a societal and economic climate of increasing pressure for appropriate, justified and optimized imaging, stress echocardiography offers the great advantages of being radiation-free, relatively low cost, with minimal environmental impact, and with a staggering versatility: we can get more (information) with less (cost and risk). The volume will be a tremendous aid to current best practices for all health operators who intend to use stress echocardiography and ultrasound for diagnosis and guidance of optimal management in their patients.

Contents:

Intro

Introduction

Contents

Contributors

Part I: The Signs

1: Step A for Regional Wall Motion Abnormality in Stress Echocardiography

1.1 Classic and Alternative Ischemic Cascades

1.2 Left Ventricular Myocardium Segmentation Models

1.3 Assignment of Segments to Coronary Arterial Territories

1.4 Tips and Tricks

1.5 Matching Between Transthoracic and Transesophageal Segments

1.6 Methodology for Assessment of Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities

1.7 Response Patterns

1.8 Diagnostic Results and Accuracy

1.9 False-Negative Results

1.10 False-Positive Results

1.11 Towards Quantitative SE

1.12 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

References

2: Step B for B-Lines in Stress Echocardiography

2.1 History and Pathophysiology

2.2 The Main Signs of Pulmonary Congestion: B-Lines

2.3 Methodology: The 4-Site Simplified Scan

2.4 LUS Response Patterns

2.5 Coronary Anatomy and Functional Correlates

2.6 Outcome Data and Implications for Therapy

2.7 Tips and Tricks

2.8 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

3: Step C for Cardiac Reserve in Stress Echocardiography

3.1 Pathophysiology: From Cardiac Molecules to Ventricular Volumes

3.2 Methodology

3.3 The Main Signs of Normal and Abnormal Contractile Reserve

3.4 Coronary Anatomic, Functional, and Prognostic Correlates

3.5 Tips and Tricks

3.6 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

4: Step D for Doppler-Based Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve in Stress Echocardiography

4.1 Pathophysiology

4.2 Methodology

4.3 Response Patterns

4.4 Coronary Anatomy and Functional Correlates

4.5 Outcome Data

4.6 Tips and Tricks

4.7 The Value of Resting CFV

4.8 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

References.

5: Step E for EKG-Based Heart Rate Reserve in Stress Echocardiography

5.1 Cardiac Autonomic Function

5.2 How to Measure Heart Rate Reserve

5.3 Heart Rate Reserve Response Patterns

5.4 Anatomic and Functional Correlates

5.5 Outcome Data

5.6 Tips and Tricks

5.7 Clinical Guidelines

6: Step F for Mitral Regurgitant Flow in Stress Echocardiography

6.1 Mitral Regurgitation as a Disease and as a Syndrome

6.2 How to Measure MR

6.3 Response Patterns During Stress

6.4 Anatomic and Functional Correlates

6.5 Outcome Data

6.6 Tips and Tricks

6.7 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

7: Step G for Gradients in Stress Echocardiography

7.1 Preload, Contractility, and Dynamic Gradients

7.2 Methodology

7.3 The Main Signs of Obstruction and Response Patterns

7.4 Tips and Tricks

7.5 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

8: Step L for Left Atrium Stress Echocardiography

8.1 The Physiology of the Left Atrium

8.2 How to Measure LAV and Function

8.3 Response Patterns in SE

8.4 Coronary Anatomic and Functional Correlates

8.5 Outcome Data

8.6 Tips and Tricks

8.7 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

9: Step P for Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Stress Echocardiography

9.1 Physiology of Pulmonary Circulation

9.2 How to Measure Pulmonary Artery Pressure

9.3 Response Patterns of Pulmonary Hemodynamics During Exercise

9.4 Functional Correlates of PH

9.5 Outcome Data

9.6 Tips and Tricks

9.7 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

10: Step R for Right Ventricular Function in Stress Echocardiography

10.1 Right Ventricle Anatomy and Function

10.2 How to Measure Global RV Function

10.3 Right Ventricular Response Patterns During Stress.

10.4 Coronary Anatomic and Functional Correlates of Regional RV Function

10.5 Outcome Data

10.6 Tips and Tricks

10.7 Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations

11: ABCDE Protocol for Stress Echocardiography in Chronic Coronary Syndromes

11.1 From Coronary Stenosis to Patient Vulnerability

11.2 How to Do ABCDE-SE

11.3 Response Patterns of ABCDE-SE

11.4 Coronary Anatomic and Functional Correlates

11.5 Outcome Data

11.6 Tips and Tricks

11.7 Recommendations: A Paradigm Shift

12: The ABCDE-FGLPR Protocol for Stress Echocardiography Beyond Coronary Artery Disease

12.1 Beyond Coronary Artery Disease

12.2 How to Do the New Steps: FGLPR

12.3 Tips and Tricks

12.4 Recommendations and Guidelines

Part II: Training and Technology

13: Strain and Real-Time Three-Dimensional Stress Echocardiography

13.1 Toward Quantitative Stress Echocardiography

13.2 Anatomic Basis of Myocardial Contraction

13.3 Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Left Ventricular Contraction

13.4 Speckle Tracking Technique

13.5 The Possible Role of Stress Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

13.6 Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

13.7 Pitfalls

13.8 Clinical Guidelines

14: Contrast Stress Echocardiography

14.1 Historical Background and Pathophysiological Basis

14.2 Contrast Agents

14.3 Contrast Administration

14.4 Contrast Imaging Modalities

14.5 Clinical Applications 1: Enhancement of Left Ventricular Endocardial Borders

14.6 Clinical Applications 2: Quantitative Volumetric SE

14.7 Clinical Applications 3: Enhancement of Color Doppler Imaging of the Mid-Distal Left Anterior Descending Artery

14.8 Clinical Applications 4: MCE for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

14.9 Pitfalls

14.10 Safety and Cost.

14.11 Clinical Indications and Recommendations

15: Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Stress Echocardiography

15.1 The Need for Artificial Intelligence in Stress Echocardiography

15.2 From Eyeballing to Quantification

15.3 Exposing Information Missed by the Eye

15.4 Hybrid Imaging

15.5 Data Handling: Network Analysis

15.6 Robotic Stress Echocardiography

15.7 Recommendations and Vision

16: Technology and Training Requirements in Stress Echocardiography

16.1 Introduction

16.2 General Test Protocol

16.3 Imaging Equipment and Techniques

16.4 Training Requirements

16.5 Pitfalls

16.6 Clinical Guidelines

Part III: The Stresses: How, When, and Why

17: Exercise Echocardiography

17.1 Historical Background

17.2 Pathophysiology

17.3 Exercise Techniques

17.4 Safety and Feasibility

17.5 Diagnostic Results for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Viability

17.6 Prognostic Value

17.7 Exercise Echocardiography Outside Coronary Artery Disease

17.8 Pitfalls

17.9 Clinical Guidelines

18: Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

18.1 Historical Background

18.2 Pharmacology and Pathophysiology

18.3 Methodology, Protocol, and Performance of DSE

18.4 Myocardial Response and Testing Interpretation

18.5 Feasibility and Safety

18.6 Diagnostic Results for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease

18.7 Dobutamine as a Test of Coronary Vasospasm by Serendipity

18.8 Identification of Myocardial Viability

18.9 Prognostic Value

18.10 Pitfalls and Specific Considerations

18.11 Contraindications

18.12 Guidelines and Recommendations

19: Dipyridamole Stress Echocardiography

19.1 Background

19.2 Pharmacology

19.3 Pathophysiology.

19.4 Methodology and Response Patterns

19.5 Feasibility and Safety

19.6 Diagnostic Results for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease

19.7 Myocardial Viability

19.8 Ischemia with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries

19.9 Prognostic Value

19.10 The Added Value of ABCDE Protocol

19.11 Indications and Contraindications

19.12 Pitfalls

19.13 Clinical Guidelines

20: Adenosine, Regadenoson Stress Echocardiography

20.1 Background

20.2 Pharmacology and Pathophysiology

20.2.1 Adenosine Receptors

20.2.2 The Pharmacological Goal for Vasodilator for SE

20.2.3 Pharmacologic Comparison of Vasodilator Agents (Adenosine, Dipyridamole, and Regadenoson)

20.2.4 Hemodynamic Effect Adenosine

20.3 Methodology

20.4 Tolerability and Safety

20.5 Indications, Contraindications, and Influencing Factors

20.6 The Main Stress Markers of Coronary Artery Disease and Their Diagnostic Accuracy

20.7 Prognostic Value of Adenosine SE

20.8 Practical Aspects: Cost and Availability

20.9 Clinical Guidelines

21: Pacing Stress Echocardiography

21.1 Historical Background

21.2 Pathophysiology

21.3 Methodology

21.4 Clinical Results and Comparison with Other SE Tests

21.5 Pitfalls

21.6 Clinical Indications

22: Ergonovine Stress Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Vasospastic Angina

22.1 Coronary Vasospasm of Large and Small Vessels

22.2 Basic Considerations

22.3 Protocol

22.4 Noninvasive Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Spasm: Clinical Data

22.5 Special Safety Considerations

22.6 Clinical and Prognostic Impact

22.7 Pitfalls

22.8 Clinical Guidelines

23: Hyperventilation, Handgrip, Cold Pressor Stress Echocardiography

23.1 Hyperventilation Test

23.2 Handgrip SE

23.3 Cold Pressor SE.

References.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Other Format:

Print version: Picano, Eugenio Stress Echocardiography

ISBN:

9783031310621