Recent Advances in Biotechnology. Volume 5 / Islam M. Saadeldin.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Saadeldin, Islam M., author.

Series:

Recent Advances in Biotechnology

Recent Advances in Biotechnology Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Human reproductive technology.

Livestock breeding.

Livestock--Reproduction.

Livestock.

Reproductive technology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (283 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Bentham Science Publishers Pte. Ltd., [2022]

Summary:

More than 4 decades have passed since the birth of the first in vitro fertilized baby in 1978. The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) to overcome infertility has increased steadily with the simultaneous increase in the number of fertility centers in every part of the world. Access to infertility clinics is playing an important role in the treatment of different forms of infertility (like tubal disease, ovarian aging, or ovarian dysfunction). This book captures the state of current and recent advances in assisted reproduction technology in humans and livestock in an easy and comprehensive way for non-experts and learners. 10 chapters cover the biology of reproduction, and male ART methods (sperm retrieval and freezing) and female ART methods (oocyte activation, and cryopreservation), and finally embryo ARTs (assisted hatching and cloning techniques) with simple definitions and explanations. Tips to overcome problems are also presented where appropriate along with references for further reading. This book is a simple primer for students who are involved in courses in embryology or reproductive technologies as part of programs in biology, biotechnology, medicine and physiology.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

End User License Agreement

Contents

Preface

List of Contributors

Physiology of the Reproductive System

Mohamed M. Z. Hamada1 and Islam M. Saadeldin1,2,3,*

GONADAL DEVELOPMENT AND SEX DETERMINATION

Gonadal Development

In a Male Fetus

In a Female Fetus

Sex Determination

Primary Sex Determination

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Introduction

The Male Gonad (Testes)

Seminiferous Tubules

Spermatogenic Process

Sertoli Cells

Leydig Cells

Androgen

Functions

CONTROL OF TESTIS FUNCTIONS

Neuroendocrine Control

Pituitary Gonadotropins

Effects of FSH on Sertoli Cells

Effect of LH on Leydig Cells

Inhibin and Activin

Testicular Temperature

Mechanism Of Testicular Temperature Regulation

Cryptorchidism

DUCT SYSTEM

Intra-testicular Ducts

Extra-testicular Ducts

Epididymis

Ductus Deferens (Vasa Deferentia)

Accessory Genital Glands

Seminal Vesicle

Prostate Gland

Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper's Gland)

PHYSIOLOGY OF MALE SEXUAL ACT

Parasympathetic Activity

Sympathetic Activity

Somatic Activity

FEMALE REPRODUCTION

Ovarian Cycle

Follicular Phase

Ovulation

Luteal Phase

Reproductive Cycle

(Estrus Cycle and Menstrual Cycle)

Estrus Cycle

Menstrual Cycle

Control of Reproductive Cycle

The Estrogen Action is Characterized by:

Progesterone also Regulates FSH and LH Secretion Through

Hormonal Control of Ovarian and Reproductive Cycle

Pregnancy

Structure of the Ovulated Oocyte

Fertilization

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy

Embryonic Development and Differentiation

Implantation

Placentation

Chorionic Gonadotropins

Placental Lactogen (PL)

Steroid Hormones

Relaxin

Hormonal Control of Pregnancy

Other Hormones

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

Sperm Assessment and Processing

Krishnavignesh Lakshmanan1, Deepa Onnarakatt1,*, V. M. Thomas1, Smisha Sridev1, Anuja Gopalakrishnan1 and Poongothai Muthuswamy2

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS SPERM?

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPERM AND SEMEN?

Semen Collection

Semen Analysis

Macroscopic Investigation

Microscopic Investigation

Sperm Morphology

Biochemical Evaluation

Why Semen Analysis has to be Repeated?

Sperm Counting Chambers

Semen Analysis by CASA Method

SQA

Semen Processing

Simple Wash Method

Flowchart 2: Simple Wash Method

Sperm Migration Based Methods

The Method Based on the Specific Density

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Sperm Freezing

Mohammad A. Ibrahim1,*

EFFECT OF CRYOPRESERVATION ON SPERM CELLS

Bull Sperm Cryopreservation

Bull Sperm Freezing using Protein-free Extenders

Bull Sperm Cryopreservation using Nanoparticles and Nanovesicles

Bull Sperm Lyophilization

Bull Sperm Encapsulation

Bull Sperm multi-thermal Gradient Freezing

Prediction of Bovine Sperm Freezability

Bovine Sperm Selection before Cryopreservation

Buck (Goat) Semen Cryopreservation

Ram Semen Cryopreservation

Stallion Semen Cryopreservation

Cryopreservation of Camel-bull Semen

New Technologies to be Adopted for Animal Sperm Cryopreservation

Freezing Small Numbers of Sperm

Solid Surface Vitrification (SSV)

Sperm Separation via Electrophoresis

Controlled Ovarian Stimulation

Firas Al-Rshoud1,* and Tamara Darwish1

THE OVARY

Embryology and Ovarian Reserve

Ovarian Physiology

FOLLICULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.

The Process of Folliculogenesis, Ovulation, and Luteogenesis

Primordial

The Primary Phase

The Secondary Follicle

OVARIAN STIMULATION IN GENERAL

WHO Classification

Indications for Ovarian Stimulation

Anovulatory Infertility

Hypogonadotrophic - Hypogonadism

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

PCOS

Insulin Sensitizing Agents

Antiestrogens (Clomiphine Citrate and Letrozole)

Gonadotrophin Therapy

Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling

POI

Diagnosis and Investigations

Subfertility and POI

Ovarian Stimulation (COS) in Vitro-Fertilization (IVF) Treatment

In Vitro-Fertilization (IVF) Treatment

Complications of Ovarian Stimulation: OHSS, M.P

Recent Approaches in Intrauterine Insemination in Livestock

Ömer Uçar1,*

DESCRIPTION OF AI

Species Concerned

Personnel Involved

STRUCTURE OF SPERM AND A SUMMARY OF SEMEN HANDLING (FREEZE-THAWING)

Sperm Structure

Semen Freeze-thawing

INTRAUTERINE AI TECHNOLOGIES USED

Brief History of Reproductive Technologies

Main Intrauterine Insemination Techniques

AI PRACTICES IN DIFFERENT SPECIES

AI in Cows

The Importance of Rectal Palpation (Experience And Timing)

The Importance of Pregnancy Detection (Experience, Method, and Timing)

The Importance of Oestrus Detection (Experience, Method, and Timing)

The Importance of Semen (Handling, Storage, Thawing, and Breed Chosen)

The Importance of Insemination (Experience, Site, Number, and Timing)

The Importance of Feeding (Storage, Silage, Supplements, Watering, Undernutrition, BCS)

The Importance of Management (Manure Disposal, Air Conditioning, Welfare, Culture, Exercise, Scratching).

The Importance of Health Services (Routine Controls, Vaccination, Culling)

The Importance of Reproductive Health (General Health, Libido, Semen, Breeding Soundness, Conception, Pregnancy, Birth, Abortus, Repeat Breeding, Inbreeding)

The Importance of Education and Organization (Continuous Training, Certification, Farmer/Breeder Associations, Feedbacks, Financial Supports)

AI in Horses

AI in Buffaloes

AI in Camels

AI in Ewes

AI in Dogs

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS

Artificial Oocyte Activation

Thomas Ebner1,*

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ARTIFICIAL OOCYTE ACTIVATION

ARTIFICIAL OOCYTE ACTIVATION

Methods of AOA

Indications for AOA

Safety of AOA

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Advances in the Human Preimplantation Embryonic Culture System

Manar M. Hozyen1,* and Islam M. Saadeldin2,3,4,*

THE EMBRYONIC CULTURE SYSTEM: A CHEMICAL PERSPECTIVE

Culture Media Formulation

Back to Nature and Let the Embryo Choose Theories

Oxygen

Macromolecules and Growth Factors Supplementation

THE EMBRYONIC CULTURE SYSTEM: A PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE

Temperature

pH and Osmolality

Oil Overlay

Light

Single Embryo Culture and Groups Culture

Plasticware and Culture Dishes

Incubation Platforms

Static and Dynamic Nature

Deficiencies in the Current Culture Systems

Further Investigations

Assisted Hatching

Jayesh Parasharam Shinde1,*

ASSISTED HATCHING AND ART

ASSISTED HATCHING

Methods for Assisted Hatching

Mechanical Zona Pellucida Assisted Hatching.

Zona Digestion using Enzyme Pronase (EZD)

Zona Drilling by Use of Acid Tyrode's Solution (ZD)

Laser-assisted Hatching (LAH)

Applications of AH

To Improve the Implantation

Laser-Assisted ICSI

Removal of Fragments and Necrotic Blastomeres

Cryopreservation

Hemizona Assay

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)

Assisted Hatching and Clinical Outcomes

Assisted Hatching and Monozygotic (MZ) Twinning

Oocytes and Embryos Cryopreservation

Mohamed Fadel El Mohr1,2,* and Islam M. Saadeldin3,4,5,*

HISTORY OF OOCYTE AND EMBRYOS CRYOPRESERVATION

The Mechanism of Cryopreservation

Slow Freezing

Rapid Freezing (Vitrification)

Oocyte Cryo-preservation

Embryos Cryo-preservation

Reproductive Cloning

Eman A. Hussien1, Sara A. Mekkawy1, Elham K. Eltahawy2, Islam M. Saadeldin3,4,5 and Mohamed M. Omran2,*

HUMAN CLONING VS. ANIMAL CLONING

REPRODUCTIVE CLONING

Is Reproductive Cloning the Same as Stem Cell Research?

REPRODUCTIVE CLONING METHODS

Embryo Splitting

Tetraploid Complementation

Traditional and Alternative Methods of Cloning

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)

The Source of the Donor Cell

Induced Pluripotent Cells (iPS). Generation of Embryonic Stem Cell-like Cells

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF REPRODUCTIVE CLONING

Advantages of Reproductive Cloning [42, 134, 135]

Satisfy the Desire to have Children

To Treat Life-threatening Diseases

Genetic Modification

Speed ​​up the Recovery Process

Compensation for Lost or Defected Organs

Contribution to Genetic Research

Disadvantages of Reproductive Cloning [14, 133]

Medical Malpractice Appearance.

Lack of Diversity.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9789815051667

9815051660

OCLC:

1344542599