Island biogeography : geo-environmental dynamics, ecology, evolution, human impact, and conservation / Robert J. Whittaker, José María Fernández-Palacios, Thomas J. Matthews.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Whittaker, Robert J., author.

Fernández-Palacios, José María, 1953- author.

Matthews, Thomas J. (Thomas James), 1987- author.

Contributor:

Whittaker, Robert J.

Series:

Oxford scholarship online.

Oxford scholarship online

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Island ecology.

Evolution (Biology).

Biogeography.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (497 pages)

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2023.

Summary:

'Island Biogeography' is a review of the island literature, explaining how islands have been used as natural laboratories in developing and testing ecological and evolutionary theories.

Contents:

Cover

titlepage

copyrightpage

Preface and Acknowledgements

Contents

PART I Setting the Scene: Islands as Natural Laboratories

1 The natural laboratory paradigm

1.1 Scope

1.2 Insularity: `the state or condition of being an island'

1.3 Geo-environmental dynamics, ecology, evolution, human impact, and conservation: key themes in island biogeography

1.4 A very brief history of island biogeography

1.5 Summary

2 Island types, origins, and dynamics

2.1 Classifying marine islands

2.2 Plate boundary islands

Islands at divergent plate boundaries

Islands at convergent plate boundaries

Islands along transverse plate boundaries

2.3 Islands in intraplate locations

Linear island chains

Clustered groups of islands

Isolated islands

2.4 Next steps in classifying marine islands and their biota

2.5 Island ontogenies: the birth, development, and disappearance of islands

The Canaries and Palaeo-Macaronesia

Hawaii and the Emperor Seamount Chain

The Caribbean Islands

2.6 Coralline islands: reefs, atolls, and guyots

2.7 Summary

3 Island environments

3.1 Varied platforms

3.2 Topographic characteristics

3.3 Edaphic characteristics

3.4 Climatic characteristics

3.5 Water resources

3.6 Isolation: tracks in the ocean

3.7 Insular disturbance regimes

Extreme weather events

Disturbance from volcanism and mega-landslides

3.8 Quaternary climate change on islands

3.9 Changes in sea level

3.10 Anthropogenic environmental change and disturbance

3.11 Summary

4 The biogeography of island life: biodiversity hotspots in context

4.1 Are islands rich or poor?

4.2 Species poverty

4.3 Disharmony

4.4 Dispersal

4.5 Filter effects and sweepstake dispersal

4.6 Biogeographical regionalism, modules, and nodes.

4.7 Disjunct distributions and the tussle between vicariance and dispersalism

4.8 Macaronesia-the biogeographical affinities of the Happy Islands

4.9 Island endemism

Plants

Land snails

Insects

Lizards

Birds

Mammals

Comparisons between taxa at the regional scale

4.10 Cryptic and extinct island endemics: a cautionary note

4.11 Summary

PART II Island Ecology

5 Island macroecology

5.1 From pattern to process

5.2 MacArthur and Wilson's equilibrium theory of island biogeography

5.3 Species richness and area: the basics

5.4 What shape is the island species-area relationship?

The small-island effect

Revealing the full shape of the ISAR?

5.5 The power model, c and z, and scale dependency of ISARs

5.6 Towards some generalizations about ISARs

5.7 Island species richness and distance

5.8 Towards more complete models of island diversity variation

Area and habitat diversity

Climate and energy

Trophic differences

System age and geo-environmental dynamics: a first look

Scale effects

5.9 Rarity within island biotas: SADs and range size/occupancy

5.10 Species turnover, equilibrium, and non-equilibrium

Problems of measurement, pseudoturnover, and cryptoturnover

The rescue effect and the effect of island area on immigration rate

The path towards equilibrium

What causes extinctions?

Evidence of equilibrium

Δs = M + G - D

5.11 Summary

6 Assembly rules for island metacommunities

6.1 Hidden tramlines and the detection, attribution, and resolution problems

6.2 Jared Diamond's assembly rules

Incidence functions, checkerboards, and supertramps

Combination and compatibility-assembly rules for cuckoo-doves

Criticisms and responses

6.3 Exploring incidence functions

6.4 Nestedness.

6.5 Partitioning beta diversity into turnover and `nestedness' components

6.6 Trophic hierarchies and ecological networks within island metacommunities

6.7 Functional and phylogenetic diversity

6.8 Longitudinal studies of island assembly and disassembly

The dynamics of island disassembly

The dynamics of island assembly: Surtsey

The dynamics of island assembly: Krakatau

6.9 Extending the time frame

6.10 Summary

7 Extending the timescale: island biodynamics in response to island geodynamics

7.1 The historical and the dynamic

7.2 Extreme events and climate-driven fluctuations in carrying capacity

7.3 Island assembly interrupted: geodynamics and biodynamics of Krakatau

7.4 The general dynamic theory of oceanic island biogeography: model description and properties

7.5 Evaluation of the general dynamic model: empirical tests and simulation models

Empirical tests

Simulation models

7.6 Downscaling the general dynamic model

7.7 The general dynamic model as a bridge to a fuller theory

7.8 Incorporating glacio-eustacy as a key component of changing island configuration

7.9 Equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics across islands, archipelagos, and ocean basins

7.10 Summary

PART III Island Evolution

8 Colonization, evolutionary change, and speciation

8.1 Arrival and change

8.2 The species concept and its place in phylogeny

8.3 The geographical context of speciation and endemism

Distributional context

Locational and historical context

8.4 Colonization and evolutionary filters

8.5 Founder effects, bottlenecks, and genetic drift

Repeated bottlenecks

Sustained small population size-persistent bottlenecks?

8.6 After the founding event: ecological responses to empty niche space

Ecological release

Density compensation

8.7 Character displacement.

8.8 Mechanisms of speciation

Allopatric or geographical speciation

Competitive speciation

Hybridization

Polyploidy and apomixis

8.9 Lineage subdivision

8.10 Summary

9 Evolutionary diversification across islands and archipelagos

9.1 In search of general models of insular and archipelagic evolution

9.2 The taxon cycle

Taxon cycles in ants

Taxon cycles in birds

How prevalent are taxon cycles?

9.3 Adaptive and non-adaptive radiation in the context of island geo-environmental dynamics

9.4 Adaptive radiation in island birds

Gal"00E1pagos birds and the Darwin's finch radiation

Hawaiian birds and the honeycreepers radiation

Hybridization within theGalápagos finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers

9.5 Non-adaptive radiation: island snails lead the way

9.6 Insular plant radiations

9.7 The trajectory of diversification within hotspot archipelagos

Hawaiian lobeliads: a spectacular radiation in a dynamic hotspot archipelago

The diversification of Macaronesian Laparocerus weevils: varied responses to a dynamic archipelago

9.8 The island progression rule, back-colonization, and onward colonization

The progression rule

Back-colonization, boomerangs, and surfing syngameons

Meta-archipelagos and upstream colonization to continents

Dissecting mainland-island relationships in relation to climate change

9.9 Insular diversification: concluding observations

9.10 Summary

10 Island evolutionary syndromes in animals

10.1 When do trait changes become a syndrome?

10.2 The slowing-down syndrome in rodents and lizards

10.3 The island body-size rule

Extension of the island body-size rule to other animal taxa

What drives size changes in island vertebrates?

10.4 Flight loss

Land birds

10.5 Evolutionary adjustments in reproductive investment

Lizards.

Land birds

10.6 Island tameness and the loss of defensive behaviour

10.7 Relaxation in territoriality

10.8 Herbivory in island lizards

10.9 Acquisition of `low-gear locomotion' in large herbivores

10.10 Colouration and song

10.11 Niche shifts in island bats

10.12 Parthenogenesis

10.13 Concluding remarks: a plethora of island animal syndromes?

10.14 Summary

11 Island evolutionary syndromes in-and involving-plants

11.1 The peculiarities of island plants

11.2 Insular secondary woodiness

11.3 Loss of dispersibility

11.4 Size changes in island plants

11.5 Altered defensive adaptations to herbivory

11.6 Reduced fire resilience

11.7 Tufted-leaved (Federbusch) growth

11.8 Reproductive syndromes in island plants

Self-compatibility in insular plants: Baker's law

Sexual dimorphism in plants

Floral traits and pollination

11.9 Polyploidy on islands

11.10 Mycorrhizal symbionts

11.11 Plant syndromes on islands: a synthesis

11.12 Island syndromes involving plant-animal interactions

Endemic super-generalists within pollination networks

Shifts in pollination syndromes

Reptiles as dispersal agents: an island phenomenon?

Double mutualisms on islands

Plant-animal interactions: further evidence for insular evolutionary syndromes?

11.13 Summary

PART IV Human Impact and Conservation

12 The application of island theory to fragmented landscapes

12.1 Habitat islands

12.2 Minimum viable populations and minimum viable areas

How many individuals are needed?

How big an area?

Applications of incidence functions

12.3 Metapopulation structure and source-sink dynamics

12.4 Habitat fragmentation, extinction debt, and species relaxation

Extinction debt

Fragmentation, relaxation, and the habitat amount hypothesis

Threshold responses

Winners and losers.

12.5 Reserve configuration and the `single large or several small' (SLOSS) debate.

Notes:

This edition also issued in print: 2023.

Previous edition: published as by Robert J. Whittaker and José María Fernández-Palacios. 2007.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Related Work:

Whittaker, Robert J. Island biogeography. Second edition.

Other Format:

Print version: Whittaker, Robert J. Island Biogeography

ISBN:

0-19-190507-0

0-19-263912-9

9780191905070