Plant bioactive molecules / by Massimo Maffei.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Maffei, Massimo, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Plant bioactive compounds.

Plant molecular biology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xiii, 432 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Newcastle upon Tyne, UK : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018.

Summary:

Plants have always been a source of nourishment and healing for living things. Their dual task of producing nutrients and medicines has played a key role in the evolution of herbivore and omnivore organisms. The so-called secondary metabolites are molecules with well-defined functional roles. These compounds are produced to defend plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. The complexity of the molecular structures produced by plants is only equal to their versatility and chemical diversity, while the harmonic intertwining of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways offers a perfect picture of the adaptive plasticity of plants to changing environmental conditions.This book is divided into three parts designed to provide the reader with a general overview, a biochemical and a biotechnological approach to plant bioactive molecules.The first part analyses the concepts of chemical diversity, sustainability and functional role of bioactive molecules, by exploring the sites of synthesis and accumulation, the plant defence strategies and the use of bioactive molecules as food supplements and as a source for natural products to fight diseases. The first part ends with the study of chemotaxonomy.The second part is dedicated to plant biochemistry, with the detailed description of the main biosynthetic pathways leading to the synthesis of phenols and flavonoids, terpenes, oxylipins and nitrogen-containing substances.The third and final part describes plant biotechnology and production of bioactive molecules with industrial processes, both in vivo and in vitro. Special attention is paid to cell and tissue cultures, roots and shoots cultures, technological aspects describing bioreactors, biofermenters and photobioreactors. The book concludes with a chapter describing the genetic engineering strategies for the production of plant bioactive molecules, facing with

ethical problems, risks and benefits of using recombinant DNA in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the use of molecular pharming, with a general discussion on food safety.

Contents:

Intro

Table of Contents

Preface

UNIT I: Biodiversity and the Sites of Synthesis, Functional roles, Phytochemistry and Chemotaxonomy of Bioactive Plant Molecules

Chapter One

1.1. Biodiversity

1.1.1. Distribution of Biodiversity

1.1.2. Actions to Sustain Biodiversity

1.2. Sustainability

1.2.1. Mineral Nutrition and Soil

1.2.2. Pests and Pathogens

1.2.3. Biotechnology and Sustainability

1.2.4. Extraction of Phytochemicals

1.2.5. Toward what future?

1.3. Quantifying Biodiversity

1.4. Classification and Characterization of Natural Compounds

1.4.1. Taxonomy

1.4.2. Evolution

1.4.3. Character

1.4.4. Data Analysis

Suggested Reading

Chapter Two

2.1. Secretion

2.2. Glandular Trichomes

2.2.1. Glandular Trichomes of the Lamiaceae Family

2.2.2. Glandular Trichomes of the Asteraceae Family

2.2.3. Glandular Trichomes of the Geraniaceae F

2.2.4. Glandular Trichomes of the Moraceae Family

2.2.5. Glandular Trichomes of the Cannabaceae Family

2.2.6. Glandular Trichomes of the Solanaceae Family

2.3. Secretory Cavities and Resin Ducts

2.4. Lysigenous Cavities

2.5. Oil-bearing Cells and Secretory Cells associated with Bacteria

2.6. Laticifers

Chapter Three

3.1. Primary and Secondary Metabolites

3.2. Phenotypic Plasticity

3.2. Chemical Defence from Biotic Stress

3.2.1. Chemical Defence in Prehistory

3.2.2. Chemical Ecology

3.2.3. Coevolution

3.2.4. Constitutive Chemical Defence

3.2.5. Induced Chemical Defence

3.2.6. Theories on Defence from Herbivores

3.2.7. Allelopathy

3.2.8. Chemical Defence from Microorganisms

3.3. Chemical Defence from Abiotic Stress

3.3.1. Plant Defence from Ultraviolet Radiation

3.3.2. Plant Volatiles and Responseto Extreme Climatic Conditions

Chapter Four.

4.1. Dietary and Food Supplements

4.1.1. Functional Foods

4.2. Plant Bioactive Molecules and the Treatment of Diseases

4.2.1. Interaction between Bioactive Plant Molecules and Drugs

4.2.2. Herbal Regulatory

4.2.3. Ethnofarmacognosy

4.3. Mode and Action of Plant Bioactive Molecules

4.3.1. Effect on Cell Division

4.3.2. Effect of Plant Bioactive Molecules on Cell Membranes, Channels and Receptors

4.3.3. Immunomodulatory Effect of Plant Bioactive Molecules

4.3.4. Toxic Effect of Plant Bioactive Molecules

4.3.5. Plant Bioactive Molecules against Uropatogenic Escherichia Coli

4.3.6. Plant Bioactive Molecules for Brain and Mental Disorders

Chapter Five

5.1. Overview on Chemotaxonomy

5.2. Chemotaxonomy of Phenolic Compounds

5.2.1. Asteraceae

5.2.2. Lamiaceae

5.2.3. Leguminosae

5.2.4. Other Plant Families

5.3. Chemotaxonomy of Terpenoids

5.3.1 Monoterpenes

5.3.2. Sesquiterpenes

5.3.3. Diterpenes

5.3.4. Triterpenes

5.3.5. Tetraterpenes

5.4. Chemotaxonomy of Secondary Products Containing Nitrogen

5.4.1. Alkaloids

5.4.2. Glucosinolates

5.4.3. Cyanogenic Glycosides

5.4.4 Non-protein Amino Acids

5.5. Chemotaxonomic Significance of Fatty Acids

5.6. Chemotaxonomic Significance of Surface A

5.7. Correlation between Micromolecular and Macromolecular Data

5.7.1. Using the 5S-Rrna Gene for the DNA Fingerprinting of Plants Producing Bioactive Molecules

Unit II: Biochemistry of Bioactive Plant Molecules

Chapter Six

6.1. The Biosynthesis of Simple Phenolics

6.1.1. The Shikimate Pathway and the Biosynthesis of Chorismate

6.1.2. Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis

6.1.3. Phenylpropanoid and Lignin Biosynthesis

6.1.4. Other Chorismate Derivatives

6.1.5. Benzoic Acid Derivatives.

6.1.6. Coumarins and Furanocoumarins

6.1.7. Biosynthesis of Stilbenes

6.2. The Biosynthesis of Complex Phenolics

6.2.1. The Biosynthesis of Flavonoids

6.3. Polymeric phenolic compounds

6.3.1. The Biosynthesis of Hydrolysable Tannins

6.3.2. The Biosynthesis of Condensed Tannins

Chapter Seven

7.1. Two Biosynthetic Pathways produce all Plant Terpenoids

7.1.1. The Mevalonic Acid Pathway

7.1.2. The Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway

7.1.3. Comparing the Two Pathways

7.2. Hemiterpenes

7.3. Monoterpenes

7.4. Sesquiterpenes

7.5. Diterpenes

7.6. Sesterterpenes

7.7. Triterpenes

7.7.1. Ecdysteroids

7.7.2. Saponins

7.7.3. Limonoids

7.7.4. Quassinoids

7.7.5. Cardenolides and Bufadienolides

7.8. Sesquarterpenes

7.9. Tetraterpenes

7.9.1. Carotenoids

Chapter Eight

8.1. Biosynthesis of Oxylipins

8.2. Biosynthesis of Green Leaf Volatiles (Glvs)

8.2.2. Site of Synthesis of GLVS

8.2.3. Biochemical Pathway to GLV Production

8.3. Biochemical Pathway to Jasmonates

Chapter Nine

9.1. Biosynthesis and Catabolism of Cyanogenic Glycosides

9.2. Biosynthesis and Catabolism of Glucosinolates

9.3. Biosynthesis of Alkaloids

9.3.1. Biosynthesis of Piperidine Alkaloids

9.3.2. Biosynthesis of Tropane Alkaloids

9.3.3. Biosynthesis of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids

9.3.4. Biosynthesis of Indole Alkaloids

9.3.5. Biosynthesis of Purine Alkaloids

9.3.6. Biosynthesis of Other Alkaloids

9.4. Biosynthesis of Betalains

Unit III: Biotechnology of Bioactive Plant Molecules

Chapter Ten

10.1. Interaction between the Primary and Secondary Metabolisms

10.1.1. Carbon as a Nutritional Source

10.1.2. Nitrogen as a Nutritional Source

10.1.3. Other Nutritive Elements.

10.1.4. The Culture Cycle

10.2. Cell and Tissue Cultures

10.3. Bioactive Molecules from Cell Cultures

10.4. Bioactive Molecules from Tissue and Organ Cultures

10.4.1. Root Cultures

10.4.2. Shoot and Bud Cultures

10.5. In Vitro Turnover, Regulation and Storage of Plant Bioactive Metabolites

10.5.1. Metabolic Turnover

10.5.2. Transport and Storage of Bioactive Molecules

10.5.3. Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Cell Cultures

10.6. The Search For and Selection of Cells with a High Production of Plant Bioactive Molecules

10.7. Elicitation of In Vitro Production of Plant Bioactive Molecules

10.8. In Vitro Production of Plant Bioactive Molecules of Economic Importance

Chapter Eleven

11.1. Plant Biotechnology

11.2. Biotransformation of Plant Bioactive Molecules

11.3. Bioreactors and Fermenters

11.3.1. Photobioreactors

11.4. Immobilized Plant Cell Cultures

11.4.1. Plant Cell Immobilization Techniques

11.4.2. Viability of Cells

11.4.3. Biosynthetic Capacity

11.4.4. Release of Bioactive Molecules

11.5. Cryopreservation

Chapter Twelve

12.1. Transgenic Plants

12.2. Genetic Manipulation and the Regulation of Gene Expression

12.3. Molecular Engineering and the Production of Plant Bioactive Molecules

12.3.1. Terpene Engineering

12.3.2. Phenolic Compounds Engineering

12.3.3. Alkaloid Engineering

12.4. Plant Molecular Pharming

12.5. Food Safety, Recombinant DNA and Bioethics

Suggested Reading.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-5275-2637-2

OCLC:

1083545347