Advances in steam turbines for modern power plants / edited by Tadashi Tanuma.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Tanuma, Tadashi, author.

Contributor:

Tanuma, Tadashi, editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing in energy.

Woodhead publishing energy series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Steam-turbines.

Power-plants.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (569 pages) : illustrations (some color)

Edition:

1st edition

Place of Publication:

Waltham, MA : Elsevier, [2017]

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Advances in Steam Turbines for Modern Power Plants provides an authoritative review of steam turbine design optimization, analysis and measurement, the development of steam turbine blades, and other critical components, including turbine retrofitting and steam turbines for renewable power plants. As a very large proportion of the world’s electricity is currently generated in systems driven by steam turbines, (and will most likely remain the case in the future) with steam turbines operating in fossil-fuel, cogeneration, combined cycle, integrated gasification combined cycle, geothermal, solar thermal, and nuclear plants across the world, this book provides a comprehensive assessment of the research and work that has been completed over the past decades. Presents an in-depth review on steam turbine design optimization, analysis, and measurement Written by a range of experts in the area Provides an overview of turbine retrofitting and advanced applications in power generation

Contents:

Front Cover

Advances in Steam Turbines for Modern Power Plants

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Contributors

I. Steam Turbine Cycles and Cycle Design Optimization

1 Introduction to steam turbines for power plants

1.1 Features of steam turbines

1.2 Roles of steam turbines in power generation

1.3 Technology trends of steam turbines

1.3.1 Steam turbines for thermal power plants (except combined cycle)

1.3.1.1 Increase steam temperature and pressure

1.3.1.2 Development of highly efficient last-stage long blades

1.3.1.3 Enhancement of efficiency

1.3.1.4 Enhancement of operational availability in low-load conditions and load-following capability

1.3.2 Steam turbines for combined-cycle power plants

1.3.3 Steam turbines for nuclear power plants

1.3.4 Steam turbines for geothermal and solar-thermal power plants

1.4 The aim of this book

References

2 Steam turbine cycles and cycle design optimization: the Rankine cycle, thermal power cycles, and IGCC power plants

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Basic cycles of steam turbine plants

2.2.1 Rankine cycle

2.2.2 Theoretical thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle

2.2.3 Influence of design parameter on thermal efficiency

2.2.3.1 Steam inlet pressure

2.2.3.2 Steam inlet temperature

2.2.3.3 Exhaust pressure

2.2.4 Reheat cycle

2.2.5 Regenerating cycle

2.2.6 Reheat-regenerating cycle

2.2.7 Calculation of thermal efficiency for the thermal power station

2.3 Types of steam turbines

2.3.1 Condensing turbine

2.3.2 Back pressure turbine

2.3.3 Extraction condensing turbine

2.3.4 Mixed pressure turbine

2.4 Various steam turbine cycles and technologies to improve thermal efficiency

2.4.1 Steam turbine cycle for petrochemical plant

2.4.2 Gas and steam turbine combined cycle

2.4.3 Cogeneration system.

2.4.4 USC pressure thermal power plant

2.4.5 A-USC pressure thermal power plant

2.4.6 Integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plant

2.5 Conclusion

3 Steam turbine cycles and cycle design optimization: advanced ultra-supercritical thermal power plants and nuclear power p...

3.1 Introduction

3.2 A-USC thermal power plants

3.2.1 Progress of steam condition improvement in fossil-fired power plants

3.2.2 Cycle and turbine design optimization

3.2.3 Features of A-USC turbines and technical considerations

3.3 Nuclear power plants

3.3.1 Cycle and features of BWRs

3.3.2 Cycle and features of the PWR

3.3.3 Cycle and turbine design optimization

3.3.4 Features of nuclear turbines and technical considerations

3.4 Conclusion

4 Steam turbine cycles and cycle design optimization: combined cycle power plants

4.1 Definitions

4.2 Introduction to combined cycle power plants

4.2.1 History of gas turbine combined cycle plants

4.3 Combined cycle thermodynamics

4.3.1 Thermal cycle overview

4.3.2 Heat recovery considerations

4.3.2.1 Heat source temperature

4.3.2.2 Steam generation pressure levels

4.3.2.3 Steam turbine impacts

4.3.2.4 Reheat

4.3.3 Efficiency definitions

4.3.3.1 First law

4.3.3.2 Second law

4.3.3.3 Efficiency drivers and tradeoffs

4.4 Markets served

4.4.1 Power generation

4.4.2 Cogeneration

4.4.3 District heating

4.4.4 Power generation and CSP

4.4.5 Integrated gasification combined cycle/other

4.5 Major plant systems overview

4.5.1 Plant configurations: single and multishaft

4.5.2 Gas turbine

4.5.3 Heat recovery steam generator

4.5.4 Steam turbine

4.5.5 Balance of plant

4.5.5.1 Heat rejection

4.5.5.2 Construction

4.5.6 GTCC plant design considerations

4.5.6.1 Thermo-economics.

4.5.6.2 Operability considerations

4.5.6.3 Turndown

4.6 Combined cycles trends

4.6.1 Steam conditions

4.6.2 Alternate bottoming cycle working fluids

4.7 Conclusion

5 Steam turbine life cycle cost evaluations and comparison with other power systems

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Cost estimation and comparison with other power systems

5.3 Technological learning

5.3.1 Technological change and technological learning

5.3.2 Application of technological learning on R&amp

D investment

5.4 The modeling of technological learning

5.4.1 Learning curve definition

5.4.2 Two-factors learning curve

5.4.3 Technological learning combined with energy modeling

5.4.4 Application to sustainable energy system design

5.5 Conclusions

II. Steam turbine analysis, measurement and monitoring for design optimization

6 Design and analysis for aerodynamic efficiency enhancement of steam turbines

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Overview of losses in steam turbines

6.3 Overview of aerodynamic design of steam turbines

6.4 Design and analysis for aerodynamic efficiency enhancement

6.4.1 Blade profile design and analysis

6.4.2 Turbine blade and stage design and analysis

6.4.2.1 3D design and development of the short-blade stage

6.4.2.2 3D design and development of long-blade stage

6.4.3 Design optimization of steam turbine blades and stages

6.5 Future trends

6.6 Conclusions

7 Steam turbine rotor design and rotor dynamics analysis

7.1 Categories of steam turbine rotor vibration

7.1.1 Forced vibration of steam turbine rotor

7.1.1.1 Vibration due to rotor imbalance

Imbalance vibration due to errors in rotor geometry

Vibration due to thermal bending

Coupled vibration between turbine casing and foundation

7.1.1.2 Vibration due to fluid disturbance.

7.1.2 Self-excited vibration of steam turbine rotor

7.1.2.1 Oil whip

7.1.2.2 Steam whirl

7.1.3 Torsional vibration

7.2 Mechanical design of steam turbine rotors

7.2.1 Overview of different rotor design and technology

7.2.2 Summary of mechanical design

7.2.2.1 Structure and geometry of the rotor

7.2.2.2 Design of bearings

7.2.2.3 Design of casing and foundation

7.2.3 Rotor dynamics analysis of steam turbine rotor

7.2.3.1 Analysis method and model (lateral vibration)

Model of rotor shaft

Model of bearing

Model of bearing support

Model of casing and foundations

Model of fluid force

7.2.3.2 Analysis method and model (torsional vibration)

7.2.4 Evaluation of rotor dynamics (lateral vibration)

7.2.4.1 Critical speed map

7.2.4.2 Q-factor diagram

7.2.4.3 Evaluation of rotor stability

7.2.5 Evaluation of rotor dynamics (torsional vibration)

7.3 Measurement of, and guidelines for, rotor vibration

7.3.1 Measurement of steam turbine rotor vibration

7.3.2 Allowable rotor vibration

8 Steam turbine design for load-following capability and highly efficient partial operation

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Shortening the start-up time of turbines

8.1.2 Increasing the maximum load of plants

8.1.3 Lowering the minimum operation load of plants

8.1.4 Improving the load-following capability (controllability of load control) of plants

8.1.5 Improving the load frequency response of plants

8.1.6 Grid system stabilization

8.2 Solution for grid code requirement

8.3 LFC of thermal power plants

8.4 Current capacity of thermal power governor-free operation and LFC

8.5 Over load valve

8.6 Conclusion

9 Analysis and design of wet-steam stages

9.1 Introduction

9.1.1 An overview of wet-steam phenomena

9.1.2 Implications for turbine design.

9.1.2.1 The effect of condensation on the flow field

9.1.2.2 Wetness losses

9.1.2.3 Droplet size distributions

9.2 Basic theory and governing equations

9.2.1 Gas dynamic equations

9.2.2 Formation and growth of the liquid phase

9.2.2.1 Classical nucleation theory

9.2.2.2 Droplet growth

9.2.2.3 Heterogeneous effects

9.3 Numerical methods

9.3.1 Evaluation of steam properties

9.3.1.1 Look-up tables

9.3.1.2 Equations for subcooled steam

9.3.2 Fully Eulerian methods

9.3.2.1 The standard method of moments

9.3.2.2 The quadrature method of moments

9.3.3 Mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian calculations

9.3.4 Other methods

9.3.4.1 Streamline curvature calculations

9.3.4.2 Wake-chopping models

9.3.5 Examples of application

9.3.5.1 Nozzle flows

9.3.5.2 The international wet steam modeling project

9.3.5.3 Unsteady supercritical heat addition within nozzles

9.3.5.4 Comparison with cascade experiments

9.3.5.5 Unsteady multistage calculations

9.4 Measurement methods

9.4.1 Fine droplets

9.4.2 Coarse-water droplets

9.4.3 Unsteady flow

9.4.4 Pitot loss measurements

9.5 Design considerations

9.5.1 Performance estimation in wet steam

9.5.2 Water-droplet erosion

9.5.2.1 Erosion rate models

9.5.2.2 Erosion counter-measures

Acknowledgments

Notation

Greek symbols

Subscripts

10 Solid particle erosion analysis and protection design for steam turbines

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Susceptible area of erosion

10.3 Considerations on boiler design and plant design

10.4 Considerations on turbine design and operation mode

10.4.1 Size and number of blade

10.4.2 Operational mode (nozzle governing and throttle governing)

10.5 Result of erosion

10.5.1 Efficiency deterioration

10.5.2 Rotor vibration.

10.6 Considerations of parameters on erosion and countermeasure.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780081003251

0081003250

OCLC:

967513894