Globe conservation studies : conservation-restoration of historical terrestrial and celestial globes / Patricia Engel.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Engel, Patricia, 1961- author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Travel.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (401 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Germany : Ferdinand Berger & Söhne GmbH, [2013]

Summary:

Das Buch ist für den Restaurator und den Globusfreund gleichermaßen geschrieben.Globenrestaurierung fußt einerseits auf Restaurierungstheorien und bedarf andererseits des intensiven Studiums dieser außergewöhnlichen Kulturgüter.

Contents:

Globe Conservation Studies

Content

Foreword

To the Reader

Acknowledgement

1 Introduction

2 Globes as Studied Subjects

2.1 The History of the Globe

2.2 The Art History of Globes

2.2.1 Blaeu

2.2.2 Coronelli

2.2.3 Cary

2.2.4 Schotte

2.2.5 Conclusion on Art Historical Studies

2.3 History of Globe Conservation

2.4 The Use of Globes

2.4.1 Original Use

2.4.1.1 Study

2.4.1.2 Representation, Symbol

2.4.2 Today's Use

2.4.2.1 Museum, Exhibition

2.4.2.2 Socio-Historical, Geographical-Historical, Material-Technological and Conservation-Historical Studies

2.4.2.3 Private Owners

2.4.2.4 Digital Globes

2.4.3 Future Use

2.4.4 Use of Globes and Conservation Measures

3 Conservation Issues Devoted to the Material Technology of Globes

3.1 How does Knowledge of Material Serve Conservation? How does it Serve Research?

3.2 Information on Material Scattered Randomly

3.3 Systematizing of Information on Globe Making According to Findings

3.3.1 Globes of Stone, Metal, Glass and Synthetic Material

3.3.2 Globes Between 1492 and ca. 1960

3.3.2.1 Documentation with Traditional Methods

3.3.2.1.1 The Sphere

3.3.2.1.2 The Stand

3.3.2.2 Supports of the Documentation

3.4 Source Literature

3.4.1 Isaak II Habrecht's Planiglobi and Johann Gabriel Doppelmayer's Mathematische Werkschule

3.4.1.1 Habrecht

3.4.1.2 Doppelmayer

3.4.1.3 Conclusion on Doppelmayer's and Habrecht's Texts

3.5 Globes with Metal Spheres and Paper Gores

3.6 Horizon Rings Made of Metals

3.7 Globes with Exceptionally Glossy Surface

3.7.1 Observations on Shiny Spheres

3.7.2 Cellophane

3.8 Other Globes

3.8.1 Relief Globes

3.8.2 Inuction Globes (Slated Globes)

3.8.3 Foldable Globes Made of Paper or Related Material, Respectively, Inflatable Globes.

3.8.4 Telluria, Terrestrial Globes with Spherical Cap, Armillary Sphere, Planetary

3.8.5 Moon and Mars Globes

4 Conservation Issues Devoted to the State of Globes

4.1 Damages to the Sphere

4.1.1 Damage by Long or Extensive but Proper Use in Combination with Natural Influences from the Environment

4.1.1.1 Soiling

4.1.1.2 Worn out Surface

4.1.1.3 Rubbed off Surface Namely on Higher Areas such as Overlapping Gore Edges or Wrinkles

4.1.1.4 Surface Abrasion Filled with Dirt

4.1.2 Material immanent Reasons

4.1.2.1 Paper Coming off Priming

also often Along Gore Edges

4.1.2.2 Ink Corrosion and Copper Corrosion

4.1.2.3 Wood Shrunk, Wrinkles Result

4.1.2.4 Cloth Shrunk and Brittle and Torn

4.1.2.5 Mistakes During Production

4.1.3 Damages Due to Bad Care

4.1.3.1 Soiling by Accident and Not by Slow Dusting

4.1.3.2 Color or Other Splashes

4.1.3.3 Rust Splashes

4.1.3.4 Small Scratches

4.1.3.5 Surface Scratches over Large Area

4.1.3.6 Scratches Trough the Paper

4.1.3.7 Pierced Paper

4.1.3.8 Grazes and Drag Traces

4.1.3.9 Sphere Dent

4.1.3.10 Damage by Animals, such as Birds and Rodents

4.1.3.11 Damage by Insects

4.1.3.12 Damage by Microorganisms

4.1.3.13 Pivot Bent

4.1.4 Damage which Might Occur Due to Different Reasons such as Accidents, Transport, Climate Changes, Wars etc.

4.1.4.1 Cracks Soiled

4.1.4.2 Areas where Paper is Lost is Soiled

4.1.4.3 Varnish Changed Color

4.1.4.4 Dark Spots Under the Varnish

4.1.4.5 Craquelles of the Varnish

4.1.4.6 Partly Lost Varnish

4.1.4.7 Varnish Lost Grip to the Surface

4.1.4.8 Varnish Lost

4.1.4.9 Paper Coming Off

4.1.4.10 Paper Torn

4.1.4.11 Paper Pushed Together

4.1.4.12 Paper Forms Blisters or Wrinkles

4.1.4.13 Paper Cracked and Bent

4.1.4.14 Paper Lost

4.1.4.15 Paper and Varnish Lost.

4.1.4.16 Gores Fallen Off

4.1.4.17 Flat Dent Priming Still There but Broken

4.1.4.18 Priming Broken

4.1.4.19 Varnish, Paper and Priming (Partly) Lost

4.1.4.20 Losses in (Varnish), Paper, Primer and Access to the Sphere's Interior

4.1.4.21 Cracks in the Sphere

4.1.4.22 Sphere Broken

Respectively Cracks Through all Layers of the Sphere

4.1.4.23 Crack Along Equator

4.1.4.24 Sphere Dissolving

4.1.4.25 Sphere Fallen into Two Hemispheres

4.1.4.26 Sphere Unusable

4.1.4.27 Center Pillar Sliding

4.1.4.28 Meridian Touches the Sphere

4.1.4.29 Paper Wrinkled

4.1.4.30 Paper Torn

4.1.5 Old Restorations

4.1.5.1 Paper Inserted Fitting into the Loss

4.1.5.2 Paper Inserted or other Material Overlapping Parts of the Original Gore Paper

4.1.5.3 Old Filling Above the Surface of the Sphere/Too Much Filling

4.1.5.4 Old Fillings Below the Surface of the Sphere

4.1.5.5 Old Hard Fillings

4.1.5.6 Material Composition of Old Filling not Acceptable Due to Other Reasons

4.1.5.7 Broken Parts Fixed Below the Proper Level

4.1.5.8 Sphere not Joined Properly

4.1.5.9 Old Retouches not Acceptable

4.1.5.10 Revarnishing

4.1.5.11 Bad Varnish Restoration

4.1.5.12 Residues of Old Polish on the Meridian Ring

4.1.5.13 Not Appropriate Screws on the Meridian Ring

4.2 Damage to the Stand

4.2.1 Damage by Long or Extensive but Proper Use in Combination with Natural Influences from the Environment

4.2.1.1 Soiling

4.2.1.2 Open Joints

4.2.2 Material Immanent Reasons

4.2.2.1 Movement of Wood Destroys Paper

4.2.3 Damages Due to Bad Care

4.2.3.1 Paper On Horizon Ring Became Wet and was then Pushed Aside

4.2.3.2 Parts of the Paper on the Horizon Ring Rubbed Off by Undusting the Ring too Much

4.2.3.3 Paper on Horizon Ring Stained.

4.2.4 Damage which Might Occur Due to Different Reasons such as Accidents, Transport, Climate Changes, Wars etc.

4.2.4.1 Paper Horizon Ring Cracked Along Wood Cracks

4.2.4.2 Horizon Ring Abraded

4.2.4.3 Paper on Horizon Ring Lost

4.2.4.4 Paper on Horizon Ring Lost, Primer Still There

4.2.4.5 Paper and Varnish Lost

4.2.4.6 Loss of Wood of Horizon Ring

4.2.4.7 Varnish Lost

4.2.4.8 Varnish Lifting Paper

4.2.4.9 Paper Bent

4.2.4.10 All Elements Apart

4.2.4.11 Wood Broken

4.2.4.12 Cardboard Split

4.2.5 Old Restorations

4.2.5.1 Later Additions

4.2.5.2 Nails

5 Globe Conservation

5.1 Globe conservation and Conservation Theories

5.2 Application of Conservation Theories in Globe Conservation

5.2.1 Analysis

5.2.1.1 A Case Study - Varnish Analysis

5.2.1.1.1 Understanding of Overall Material

5.2.1.1.2 Understanding Historical Context so as to be Able to Understand the Material Fully

5.2.1.1.3 Interpretation of So Far Collected Information as to Form a Hypothesis Before the Chemical Analysis

5.2.1.1.4 Visual Survey with the Naked Eye and the Microscope in Daylight and Under UV

5.2.1.1.5 Instrumental Analysis

5.2.1.2 Other Analysis

5.2.1.2.1 Paper Survey

5.2.1.2.1.1 Water Marks

5.2.1.2.1.2 Sort Respectively Condition of Paper under Varnish

5.2.1.3 Surveys Revealing the Inner and Detailed Outer Structure of the Globe

5.2.1.3.1 X-Ray

5.2.1.3.2 Endoscopy

5.2.1.3.3 Computer Tomography

5.2.1.3.4 Ultrasound

5.2.1.3.5 Magnet Resonance Tomography

5.2.1.3.6 Laser 3D scan

5.2.1.4 Paper Filler, Print and Colors

5.2.1.4.1 Wet Chemical Analysis

5.2.1.4.1.1 Paper Acidity

5.2.1.4.1.2 Free Iron Ions

5.2.1.4.1.3 Free Copper Ions

5.2.1.4.2 Gas Chromatography

5.2.1.4.3 Mass Spectrometry

5.2.1.4.4 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

5.2.1.4.5 IR spectroscopy

5.2.1.4.6 Ultraviolet Fluorescence Spectroscopy

5.2.1.4.7 SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)

5.2.1.4.8 EDX

5.2.1.5 Dendrochronology

5.2.1.6 Sampling

5.2.1.7 Microorganism Detection

5.2.2 Conservation Measures on Paper Spheres With and Without Primer

5.2.2.1 Preparation of the Work, Precaution

5.2.2.2 First Aid Measures

5.2.2.2.1 Safe and Suitable Environment

5.2.2.2.2 Resting the Sphere Safely and Separately from the Stand, if the Stand Cannot Provide a Safe Rest Any More

5.2.2.2.3 Fixing Parts Which May be Lost if Not Fixed Immediately

5.2.2.3 Surface Cleaning

5.2.2.3.1 Characteristic Globe-Specific Phenomenon in Respect of Dirt

5.2.2.3.1.1 Removing the Gores

5.2.2.3.1.2 Structure

5.2.2.3.1.3 Unvarnished and Varnished Globes

5.2.2.3.1.3.1 Unvarnished Surfaces

5.2.2.3.1.3.2 Varnished Surfaces

5.2.2.3.1.3.2.1 Original Varnish or Later Addition?

5.2.2.3.1.3.2.2 Removing the Varnish

5.2.2.3.2 Nature of Soiling

5.2.2.3.2.1 Dust

5.2.2.3.2.2 Soft Brush

5.2.2.3.2.3 A Mixture of Methylcellulose in Water and Eraser Powder

5.2.2.3.2.4 Washing with Methylcellulose

5.2.2.3.2.5 "Washing" with Enzymes

5.2.2.3.2.6 Tensides

5.2.2.3.2.7 Other Soiling but Dust

5.2.2.3.2.7.1 Color Splashings

5.2.2.3.2.7.2 Splashes of Other Substances

5.2.2.3.2.7.3 Greasy Stains

5.2.2.3.2.7.4 Later Inscriptions

5.2.2.3.2.7.5 Cleaning Off Old Over-paintings

5.2.2.4 Paper Treatment

5.2.2.4.1 Worn out Paper Surface

5.2.2.4.2 Pierced Paper

5.2.2.4.3 Surface Abrasion

5.2.2.4.3.1 Surface Abrasion Not Filled with Dirt (more Recent Abrasion)

5.2.2.4.3.2 Surface Abrasion Filled with Dirt (Older Abrasion)

5.2.2.4.4 Small Surface Scratches

5.2.2.4.5 Larger Surface Scratches

5.2.2.4.6 Scratches Going Through the Paper and Into the Priming.

5.2.2.4.7 Paper Coming Off Original Priming (at the Gores' Edges or at the Edges of a Loss).

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

3-85028-640-1

OCLC:

1076321338