Parasomnia dreaming : exploring other forms of sleep consciousness / James Frederic Pagel, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Pagel, James Frederic, editor.

Series:

Sleep-- physiology, functions, dreaming, and disorders series.

Sleep - Physiology, Functions, Dreaming and Disorders

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Dreams.

Sleep--Stages.

Sleep.

Altered states of consciousness.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (395 pages).

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Medicine & Health, [2020]

Summary:

"Dreams are reported from all of stages of sleep. Yet almost all research and literature has focused on REM sleep. Much of what we know of dreaming outside REM sleep comes from the study of parasomnias, extreme events including strange and unusual behaviors, often inducing awakenings from sleep. These are not the "normal" dreams of REM sleep. These are the other dreams, parasomnia dreams, and they are quite special. This book brings together leading dream scientists from throughout the world to address these dreams. It is among the first to focus on sleep mentation in the large portion of sleep that is not REM sleep. Many parasomnias are commonly experienced, and even when causing frequent disruption of sleep, they are only rarely reflective of underlying medical or psychiatric disease. The non-REM parasomnias include hypnogognic hallucinations, panic attacks, night terrors and dreaming associated with sleep walking and confusional arousals. The parasomnias of REM sleep include nightmares, sleep paralysis and the acting out of dreams in REM behavior disorder. Parasomnia dreams describe the phenomenological extremes of dream experience such as strange behaviors, thinking and thought very different from wake state, intense visual hallucinations, extreme emotions, a vivid and apparently real dream world, as well as confusion, autonomic discharge and strange automatic behaviors on awakening. These forms of consciousness are both phenomenologically and neurophysiologically very different from the waking consciousness"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Dreams - Shared Characteristics

The Dreams of Rem Sleep

Different Dreams - The Parasomnias

Other Forms of Sleep Consciousness

References

Chapter 1

Sleep-State Associated Parasomnia Dream Reports

Abstract

Sleep Onset

Stage Two

Stage 3: Deep Sleep

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Conclusion

Chapter 2

Dreaming and Parasomnias

in Narcolepsy

Introduction

Epidemiology, Symptoms, Diagnostic Criteria, Pathophysiology, and Comorbidity

Dream Recall

Dream Content

Nightmares

Lucid Dreaming

Sleep Paralysis and Hallucinations

Parasomnia

Misattribution of Memory Sources in Narcolepsy

Chapter 3

Dreaming in NREM Parasomnias: An Empirical Study

Methods

Participants

Measurements

Dream Questions

Morning Dream Questionnaire

Sleep Questionnaires

Stress Questionnaire

Dream Content Analysis

Procedure

Results

Discussion

Chapter 4

Sleep Paralysis

Occurence in Other Cultures and Former Times

Diagnostic Criteria

SP - A REM-Sleep Disorder

Brain Physiology behind REM-Sleep and SP

Hallucinations in SP

Brain Physiology behind SP hallucinations

SP AND FEAR

Prevalence

Predisposing and Precipitating Factors

General Factors

Substance Use

Personality Traits

Physical Health

Mental Health

PTSD

Treatment and Prevention

Non-Pharmacological Treatments

Psychopharmacological Treatments

Sleep Related Factors and SP

Similar Sleep-Wake Phenomena

Exploding Head Syndrome

False Awakenings

Pseudo Sleep Paralysis

Paradoxical Insomnia

Similar REM-Sleep Related Phenomena

REM-Sleep Behaviour Disorder

Nightmare Disorder.

Similar Non-REM Sleep Related Phenomena

Night Terrors

Similar Dissociative States during Wakefulness

Cataplexy/Narcolepsy

Familial Periodic Paralysis Syndrome

Dissociative States

Daytime Hallucinations

Sleep Quality and SP

Dreams, Nightmares, Lucid Dreams and SP

Dreams

Lucid Dreams

Chapter 5

Trauma and PTSD Nightmare Content

Veteran Content Study

What Is a Nightmare?

The Nature of Post-Traumatic Nightmares

Content Variability

Content Studies on Post-Traumatic and PTSD Nightmares

Sleep Parasomnias and PTSD Nightmares

The Variability of Post-Traumatic Nightmares

Variability over Time in the Vet Case Study

Setting and Threat

Emotion

Classification of Nightmare Variability

Category 1 - 'Actual' (Replications)

Category 2 - 'Variable' (Mixed)

Category 3 - 'Hallucinatory' (Metaphoric)

Variability in Relation to Recovery

Variability in Relation to Dream Function

Emotional Regulation, Extinction and Adaption

Emotional Regulation and Extinction

Emotional Problem-Solving

Adaptive Learning

Variability between Sleep Cycles in One-Night of Dreaming

Mastery

Integrating the Fragmented Self

The Healing Nightmare

The Vet Content Study

Period #1: June 1970 to March 1973 Immediately Post Combat, 10 Nightmares Recorded

Period #2: 1978 to 1981, 25 Dreams and Nightmares Recorded

Period #3: 1998 to 2002

70 Dreams Recorded

Reflection on the War and Atrocities

Reflection on His Condition

A New Sense of Self

Period #4: 2015, 32 Dreams Recorded

Post Period #4: 2016 and 2017, 463 Dream Records

Chapter 6

Dreaming in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

The Various Types of REM Sleep-Associated Parasomnias.

What is REM Sleep Behavior Disorder?

Diagnosis

Epidemiology

Isolated RBD Often Herald Parkinsonism or Dementia

Are RBD Dreams Occurring During Genuine REM Sleep?

Is REM Sleep in RBD Different from Normal REM Sleep?

Is Consciousness during REM Sleep in RBD Different from That in Normal REM Sleep?

Motor Behaviors during RBD Events

Dream Content during RBD Events

Is There Always a Dream Recall upon Awakening from REM Sleep Behavior Disorder ?

Violent Dreams Are Prominent in RBD

Non Violent Dreams May also Occur during RBD

Is the High Frequency of Violent Dreams in RBD a Recall Bias?

Dream-Behavior Isomorphism in RBD

Does the Recalled Dream Match the Observed Behavior?

Formal Testing of the Dream-Behavior Correspondence

Dreams Evoking Behaviors or Behaviors Evoking Dreams?

RBD as a Model Supporting That Non-dreamers Do Dream

RBD as a Model to Determine Whether the Eyes Scans Dream Images

Chapter 7

Dreamlike Experiences in Adult Somnambulism

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics

Phenomenological Aspects of Somnambulism

Are Sleepwalkers Asleep during Their Episodes?

Future Research Directions

Chapter 8

Cognition as a Feature of Consciousness in Sleep Stages: Theoretical Foundations and Research Results

Sleep Stages

Main Distinctions between Lucid and Non-Lucid Dreaming

Conceptualization of Cognition in Wakefulness

Conceptualization of Cognition in Dreaming

Research of Cognitive Processes in Dreaming is Rich in History and Scarce in Findings

Dreaming Self Is Conceptualized as Static Non-Engaging Entity

Self Is Central for Consciousness and Cognition in Dreaming

Who Is the "Person" in Dreaming?.

Experiencing during Dreaming and Self-Awareness in Primary and Reflective Awareness

Theoretical Underpinnings and Research of NREM Sleep Cognition

Theoretical Underpinnings and Research of REM Sleep Cognition

Self-Reflectiveness

REM Sleep Thought Processes Are Rational

Executive Processes Are Attenuated but Not Suspended in Dreaming

Mapping and Characterizing Executive Thought Processes

Direct Modality of Using Behaviors-Actions to Problem Solve

Direct Modality of Thinking

Direct Modality of Emotions as Elements of Problem-Solving

The Indirect Problem-Solving Modality

Chapter 9

New Neuroimaging Technologies and Online Methods for Dream Content Analysis Make It Possible to Study Dreaming in Non-Disruptive and Low-Budget Ways in Sleep Medicine Clinics

Introduction: The Where, When, How, and What of Dreaming

Neurocognitive Studies of Dreams in a Sleep Medicine Clinic

Studies of Dream Content Collected in a Sleep Medicine Clinic

A Content Analysis Based on Group Data from Psychiatric Patients

A Drug Study Based on a Dream Journal

Chapter 10

Parasomnias in English Literature: Sleep and Dream Phenomena in Macbeth, a Christmas Carol, Alice in Wonderland, and Harry Potter

Parasomnias

How to Approach Parasomnias in Literature

Biographical

Literary

Historical/Scientific

Philosophical

Macbeth

A Christmas Carol

Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

The Harry Potter Novels

Chapter 11

Using Parasomnias: The Creative Utilization of Frightening Dreams by Successful Artists

Using Parasomnias - The Creative Utilization of Frightening Dreams by Successful Artists

Study Design.

Nightmares as a Symptom of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Methodology

Trauma

ASD (Acute Stress Disorder)

PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder)

Frightening Dreams in Suscessful Artists without a History of Major Trauma

Nightmare Disorder

Night Terror/Somnambulism

About the Editor

Index

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-5361-7818-7

OCLC:

1159165867